Translate usernames to UPN format for domain login

Bumps [github.com/quic-go/quic-go](https://github.com/quic-go/quic-go) from 0.48.2 to 0.49.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/quic-go/quic-go/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/quic-go/quic-go/compare/v0.48.2...v0.49.1)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/quic-go/quic-go
  dependency-version: 0.49.1
  dependency-type: direct:production
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml

@@ -15,27 +15,28 @@ jobs:
     - name: Check for problematic license dependencies
       run: |
         echo "Checking for dependencies on management/, signal/, and relay/ packages..."
+        echo ""
 
         # Find all directories except the problematic ones and system dirs
         FOUND_ISSUES=0
-        find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -not -name "." -not -name "management" -not -name "signal" -not -name "relay" -not -name ".git*" | sort | while read dir; do
+        while IFS= read -r dir; do
           echo "=== Checking $dir ==="
           # Search for problematic imports, excluding test files
-          RESULTS=$(grep -r "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/\(management\|signal\|relay\)" "$dir" --include="*.go" | grep -v "_test.go" | grep -v "test_" | grep -v "/test/" || true)
-          if [ ! -z "$RESULTS" ]; then
+          RESULTS=$(grep -r "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/\(management\|signal\|relay\)" "$dir" --include="*.go" 2>/dev/null | grep -v "_test.go" | grep -v "test_" | grep -v "/test/" || true)
+          if [ -n "$RESULTS" ]; then
             echo "❌ Found problematic dependencies:"
             echo "$RESULTS"
             FOUND_ISSUES=1
           else
             echo "✓ No problematic dependencies found"
           fi
-        done
+        done < <(find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -not -name "." -not -name "management" -not -name "signal" -not -name "relay" -not -name ".git*" | sort)
+
+        echo ""
         if [ $FOUND_ISSUES -eq 1 ]; then
-          echo ""
           echo "❌ Found dependencies on management/, signal/, or relay/ packages"
-          echo "These packages will change license and should not be imported by client or shared code"
+          echo "These packages are licensed under AGPLv3 and must not be imported by BSD-licensed code"
           exit 1
         else
-          echo ""
           echo "✅ All license dependencies are clean"
         fi

client/Dockerfile

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #   sudo podman build -t localhost/netbird:latest -f client/Dockerfile --ignorefile .dockerignore-client .
 #   sudo podman run --rm -it --cap-add={BPF,NET_ADMIN,NET_RAW} localhost/netbird:latest
 
-FROM alpine:3.22.0
+FROM alpine:3.22.2
 # iproute2: busybox doesn't display ip rules properly
 RUN apk add --no-cache \
     bash \

client/android/client.go

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 )
 
 // ConnectionListener export internal Listener for mobile

client/android/preferences.go

@@ -201,6 +201,94 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetServerSSHAllowed(allowed bool) {
 	p.configInput.ServerSSHAllowed = &allowed
 }
 
+// GetEnableSSHRoot reads SSH root login setting from config file
+func (p *Preferences) GetEnableSSHRoot() (bool, error) {
+	if p.configInput.EnableSSHRoot != nil {
+		return *p.configInput.EnableSSHRoot, nil
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if cfg.EnableSSHRoot == nil {
+		// Default to false for security on Android
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return *cfg.EnableSSHRoot, err
+}
+
+// SetEnableSSHRoot stores the given value and waits for commit
+func (p *Preferences) SetEnableSSHRoot(enabled bool) {
+	p.configInput.EnableSSHRoot = &enabled
+}
+
+// GetEnableSSHSFTP reads SSH SFTP setting from config file
+func (p *Preferences) GetEnableSSHSFTP() (bool, error) {
+	if p.configInput.EnableSSHSFTP != nil {
+		return *p.configInput.EnableSSHSFTP, nil
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if cfg.EnableSSHSFTP == nil {
+		// Default to false for security on Android
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return *cfg.EnableSSHSFTP, err
+}
+
+// SetEnableSSHSFTP stores the given value and waits for commit
+func (p *Preferences) SetEnableSSHSFTP(enabled bool) {
+	p.configInput.EnableSSHSFTP = &enabled
+}
+
+// GetEnableSSHLocalPortForwarding reads SSH local port forwarding setting from config file
+func (p *Preferences) GetEnableSSHLocalPortForwarding() (bool, error) {
+	if p.configInput.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding != nil {
+		return *p.configInput.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding, nil
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if cfg.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding == nil {
+		// Default to false for security on Android
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return *cfg.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding, err
+}
+
+// SetEnableSSHLocalPortForwarding stores the given value and waits for commit
+func (p *Preferences) SetEnableSSHLocalPortForwarding(enabled bool) {
+	p.configInput.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding = &enabled
+}
+
+// GetEnableSSHRemotePortForwarding reads SSH remote port forwarding setting from config file
+func (p *Preferences) GetEnableSSHRemotePortForwarding() (bool, error) {
+	if p.configInput.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding != nil {
+		return *p.configInput.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding, nil
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if cfg.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding == nil {
+		// Default to false for security on Android
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return *cfg.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding, err
+}
+
+// SetEnableSSHRemotePortForwarding stores the given value and waits for commit
+func (p *Preferences) SetEnableSSHRemotePortForwarding(enabled bool) {
+	p.configInput.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding = &enabled
+}
+
 // GetBlockInbound reads block inbound setting from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetBlockInbound() (bool, error) {
 	if p.configInput.BlockInbound != nil {

client/cmd/debug.go

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ func runForDuration(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
 
-	stat, err := client.Status(cmd.Context(), &proto.StatusRequest{})
+	stat, err := client.Status(cmd.Context(), &proto.StatusRequest{ShouldRunProbes: true})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get status: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
 	}
@@ -303,12 +303,18 @@ func setSyncResponsePersistence(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 func getStatusOutput(cmd *cobra.Command, anon bool) string {
 	var statusOutputString string
-	statusResp, err := getStatus(cmd.Context())
+	statusResp, err := getStatus(cmd.Context(), true)
 	if err != nil {
 		cmd.PrintErrf("Failed to get status: %v\n", err)
 	} else {
+		pm := profilemanager.NewProfileManager()
+		var profName string
+		if activeProf, err := pm.GetActiveProfile(); err == nil {
+			profName = activeProf.Name
+		}
+
 		statusOutputString = nbstatus.ParseToFullDetailSummary(
-			nbstatus.ConvertToStatusOutputOverview(statusResp, anon, "", nil, nil, nil, "", ""),
+			nbstatus.ConvertToStatusOutputOverview(statusResp, anon, "", nil, nil, nil, "", profName),
 		)
 	}
 	return statusOutputString

client/cmd/login.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"os/exec"
 	"os/user"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
@@ -356,13 +357,21 @@ func openURL(cmd *cobra.Command, verificationURIComplete, userCode string, noBro
 	cmd.Println("")
 
 	if !noBrowser {
-		if err := open.Run(verificationURIComplete); err != nil {
+		if err := openBrowser(verificationURIComplete); err != nil {
 			cmd.Println("\nAlternatively, you may want to use a setup key, see:\n\n" +
 				"https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/register-machines-using-setup-keys")
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+// openBrowser opens the URL in a browser, respecting the BROWSER environment variable.
+func openBrowser(url string) error {
+	if browser := os.Getenv("BROWSER"); browser != "" {
+		return exec.Command(browser, url).Start()
+	}
+	return open.Run(url)
+}
+
 // isUnixRunningDesktop checks if a Linux OS is running desktop environment
 func isUnixRunningDesktop() bool {
 	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" && runtime.GOOS != "freebsd" {

client/cmd/root.go

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ const (
 	wireguardPortFlag        = "wireguard-port"
 	networkMonitorFlag       = "network-monitor"
 	disableAutoConnectFlag   = "disable-auto-connect"
-	serverSSHAllowedFlag     = "allow-server-ssh"
 	extraIFaceBlackListFlag  = "extra-iface-blacklist"
 	dnsRouteIntervalFlag     = "dns-router-interval"
 	enableLazyConnectionFlag = "enable-lazy-connection"
@@ -64,7 +63,6 @@ var (
 	customDNSAddress        string
 	rosenpassEnabled        bool
 	rosenpassPermissive     bool
-	serverSSHAllowed        bool
 	interfaceName           string
 	wireguardPort           uint16
 	networkMonitor          bool
@@ -176,7 +174,6 @@ func init() {
 	)
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&rosenpassEnabled, enableRosenpassFlag, false, "[Experimental] Enable Rosenpass feature. If enabled, the connection will be post-quantum secured via Rosenpass.")
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&rosenpassPermissive, rosenpassPermissiveFlag, false, "[Experimental] Enable Rosenpass in permissive mode to allow this peer to accept WireGuard connections without requiring Rosenpass functionality from peers that do not have Rosenpass enabled.")
-	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&serverSSHAllowed, serverSSHAllowedFlag, false, "Allow SSH server on peer. If enabled, the SSH server will be permitted")
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&autoConnectDisabled, disableAutoConnectFlag, false, "Disables auto-connect feature. If enabled, then the client won't connect automatically when the service starts.")
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&lazyConnEnabled, enableLazyConnectionFlag, false, "[Experimental] Enable the lazy connection feature. If enabled, the client will establish connections on-demand. Note: this setting may be overridden by management configuration.")
 

client/cmd/service_installer.go

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
 	"github.com/kardianos/service"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
@@ -81,6 +83,10 @@ func configurePlatformSpecificSettings(svcConfig *service.Config) error {
 				svcConfig.Option["LogDirectory"] = dir
 			}
 		}
+
+		if err := configureSystemdNetworkd(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to configure systemd-networkd: %v", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
@@ -160,6 +166,12 @@ var uninstallCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			return fmt.Errorf("uninstall service: %w", err)
 		}
 
+		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+			if err := cleanupSystemdNetworkd(); err != nil {
+				log.Warnf("failed to cleanup systemd-networkd configuration: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+
 		cmd.Println("NetBird service has been uninstalled")
 		return nil
 	},
@@ -245,3 +257,45 @@ func isServiceRunning() (bool, error) {
 
 	return status == service.StatusRunning, nil
 }
+
+const (
+	networkdConfDir     = "/etc/systemd/networkd.conf.d"
+	networkdConfFile    = "/etc/systemd/networkd.conf.d/99-netbird.conf"
+	networkdConfContent = `# Created by NetBird to prevent systemd-networkd from removing
+# routes and policy rules managed by NetBird.
+
+[Network]
+ManageForeignRoutes=no
+ManageForeignRoutingPolicyRules=no
+`
+)
+
+// configureSystemdNetworkd creates a drop-in configuration file to prevent
+// systemd-networkd from removing NetBird's routes and policy rules.
+func configureSystemdNetworkd() error {
+	parentDir := filepath.Dir(networkdConfDir)
+	if _, err := os.Stat(parentDir); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		log.Debug("systemd networkd.conf.d parent directory does not exist, skipping configuration")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// nolint:gosec // standard networkd permissions
+	if err := os.WriteFile(networkdConfFile, []byte(networkdConfContent), 0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write networkd configuration: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// cleanupSystemdNetworkd removes the NetBird systemd-networkd configuration file.
+func cleanupSystemdNetworkd() error {
+	if _, err := os.Stat(networkdConfFile); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Remove(networkdConfFile); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove networkd configuration: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

client/cmd/ssh.go

@@ -3,125 +3,757 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"flag"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
+	"os/user"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
-	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	sshclient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/client"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/detection"
+	sshproxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/proxy"
+	sshserver "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
-var (
-	port     int
-	userName = "root"
-	host     string
+const (
+	sshUsernameDesc      = "SSH username"
+	hostArgumentRequired = "host argument required"
+
+	serverSSHAllowedFlag           = "allow-server-ssh"
+	enableSSHRootFlag              = "enable-ssh-root"
+	enableSSHSFTPFlag              = "enable-ssh-sftp"
+	enableSSHLocalPortForwardFlag  = "enable-ssh-local-port-forwarding"
+	enableSSHRemotePortForwardFlag = "enable-ssh-remote-port-forwarding"
+	disableSSHAuthFlag             = "disable-ssh-auth"
 )
 
-var sshCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use: "ssh [user@]host",
-	Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		if len(args) < 1 {
-			return errors.New("requires a host argument")
-		}
+var (
+	port                  int
+	username              string
+	host                  string
+	command               string
+	localForwards         []string
+	remoteForwards        []string
+	strictHostKeyChecking bool
+	knownHostsFile        string
+	identityFile          string
+	skipCachedToken       bool
+)
 
-		split := strings.Split(args[0], "@")
-		if len(split) == 2 {
-			userName = split[0]
-			host = split[1]
-		} else {
-			host = args[0]
-		}
+var (
+	serverSSHAllowed           bool
+	enableSSHRoot              bool
+	enableSSHSFTP              bool
+	enableSSHLocalPortForward  bool
+	enableSSHRemotePortForward bool
+	disableSSHAuth             bool
+)
 
-		return nil
-	},
-	Short: "Connect to a remote SSH server",
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		SetFlagsFromEnvVars(rootCmd)
-		SetFlagsFromEnvVars(cmd)
+func init() {
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&serverSSHAllowed, serverSSHAllowedFlag, false, "Allow SSH server on peer")
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&enableSSHRoot, enableSSHRootFlag, false, "Enable root login for SSH server")
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&enableSSHSFTP, enableSSHSFTPFlag, false, "Enable SFTP subsystem for SSH server")
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&enableSSHLocalPortForward, enableSSHLocalPortForwardFlag, false, "Enable local port forwarding for SSH server")
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&enableSSHRemotePortForward, enableSSHRemotePortForwardFlag, false, "Enable remote port forwarding for SSH server")
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&disableSSHAuth, disableSSHAuthFlag, false, "Disable SSH authentication")
 
-		cmd.SetOut(cmd.OutOrStdout())
+	sshCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVarP(&port, "port", "p", sshserver.DefaultSSHPort, "Remote SSH port")
+	sshCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&username, "user", "u", "", sshUsernameDesc)
+	sshCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&username, "login", "", sshUsernameDesc+" (alias for --user)")
+	sshCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&strictHostKeyChecking, "strict-host-key-checking", true, "Enable strict host key checking (default: true)")
+	sshCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&knownHostsFile, "known-hosts", "o", "", "Path to known_hosts file (default: ~/.ssh/known_hosts)")
+	sshCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&identityFile, "identity", "i", "", "Path to SSH private key file")
+	sshCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&skipCachedToken, "no-cache", false, "Skip cached JWT token and force fresh authentication")
 
-		err := util.InitLog(logLevel, util.LogConsole)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed initializing log %v", err)
-		}
+	sshCmd.PersistentFlags().StringArrayP("L", "L", []string{}, "Local port forwarding [bind_address:]port:host:hostport")
+	sshCmd.PersistentFlags().StringArrayP("R", "R", []string{}, "Remote port forwarding [bind_address:]port:host:hostport")
 
-		if !util.IsAdmin() {
-			cmd.Printf("error: you must have Administrator privileges to run this command\n")
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		ctx := internal.CtxInitState(cmd.Context())
-
-		sm := profilemanager.NewServiceManager(configPath)
-		activeProf, err := sm.GetActiveProfileState()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("get active profile: %v", err)
-		}
-		profPath, err := activeProf.FilePath()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("get active profile path: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		config, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(profPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("read profile config: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		sig := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-		signal.Notify(sig, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGINT)
-		sshctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-
-		go func() {
-			// blocking
-			if err := runSSH(sshctx, host, []byte(config.SSHKey), cmd); err != nil {
-				cmd.Printf("Error: %v\n", err)
-				os.Exit(1)
-			}
-			cancel()
-		}()
-
-		select {
-		case <-sig:
-			cancel()
-		case <-sshctx.Done():
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	},
+	sshCmd.AddCommand(sshSftpCmd)
+	sshCmd.AddCommand(sshProxyCmd)
+	sshCmd.AddCommand(sshDetectCmd)
 }
 
-func runSSH(ctx context.Context, addr string, pemKey []byte, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
-	c, err := nbssh.DialWithKey(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", addr, port), userName, pemKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		cmd.Printf("Error: %v\n", err)
-		cmd.Printf("Couldn't connect. Please check the connection status or if the ssh server is enabled on the other peer" +
-			"\nYou can verify the connection by running:\n\n" +
-			" netbird status\n\n")
-		return err
-	}
-	go func() {
-		<-ctx.Done()
-		err = c.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			return
+var sshCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "ssh [flags] [user@]host [command]",
+	Short: "Connect to a NetBird peer via SSH",
+	Long: `Connect to a NetBird peer using SSH with support for port forwarding.
+
+Port Forwarding:
+  -L [bind_address:]port:host:hostport   Local port forwarding
+  -L [bind_address:]port:/path/to/socket Local port forwarding to Unix socket
+  -R [bind_address:]port:host:hostport   Remote port forwarding
+  -R [bind_address:]port:/path/to/socket Remote port forwarding to Unix socket
+
+SSH Options:
+  -p, --port int                       Remote SSH port (default 22)
+  -u, --user string                    SSH username
+      --login string                   SSH username (alias for --user)
+      --strict-host-key-checking       Enable strict host key checking (default: true)
+  -o, --known-hosts string             Path to known_hosts file
+  -i, --identity string                Path to SSH private key file
+
+Examples:
+  netbird ssh peer-hostname
+  netbird ssh root@peer-hostname
+  netbird ssh --login root peer-hostname
+  netbird ssh peer-hostname ls -la
+  netbird ssh peer-hostname whoami
+  netbird ssh -L 8080:localhost:80 peer-hostname    # Local port forwarding
+  netbird ssh -R 9090:localhost:3000 peer-hostname  # Remote port forwarding
+  netbird ssh -L "*:8080:localhost:80" peer-hostname # Bind to all interfaces
+  netbird ssh -L 8080:/tmp/socket peer-hostname      # Unix socket forwarding`,
+	DisableFlagParsing: true,
+	Args:               validateSSHArgsWithoutFlagParsing,
+	RunE:               sshFn,
+	Aliases:            []string{"ssh"},
+}
+
+func sshFn(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		if arg == "-h" || arg == "--help" {
+			return cmd.Help()
 		}
+	}
+
+	SetFlagsFromEnvVars(rootCmd)
+	SetFlagsFromEnvVars(cmd)
+
+	cmd.SetOut(cmd.OutOrStdout())
+
+	logOutput := "console"
+	if firstLogFile := util.FindFirstLogPath(logFiles); firstLogFile != "" && firstLogFile != defaultLogFile {
+		logOutput = firstLogFile
+	}
+	if err := util.InitLog(logLevel, logOutput); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("init log: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ctx := internal.CtxInitState(cmd.Context())
+
+	sig := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	signal.Notify(sig, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGINT)
+	sshctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := runSSH(sshctx, host, cmd); err != nil {
+			cmd.Printf("Error: %v\n", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+		cancel()
 	}()
 
-	err = c.OpenTerminal()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	select {
+	case <-sig:
+		cancel()
+	case <-sshctx.Done():
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func init() {
-	sshCmd.PersistentFlags().IntVarP(&port, "port", "p", nbssh.DefaultSSHPort, "Sets remote SSH port. Defaults to "+fmt.Sprint(nbssh.DefaultSSHPort))
+// getEnvOrDefault checks for environment variables with WT_ and NB_ prefixes
+func getEnvOrDefault(flagName, defaultValue string) string {
+	if envValue := os.Getenv("WT_" + flagName); envValue != "" {
+		return envValue
+	}
+	if envValue := os.Getenv("NB_" + flagName); envValue != "" {
+		return envValue
+	}
+	return defaultValue
+}
+
+// resetSSHGlobals sets SSH globals to their default values
+func resetSSHGlobals() {
+	port = sshserver.DefaultSSHPort
+	username = ""
+	host = ""
+	command = ""
+	localForwards = nil
+	remoteForwards = nil
+	strictHostKeyChecking = true
+	knownHostsFile = ""
+	identityFile = ""
+}
+
+// parseCustomSSHFlags extracts -L, -R flags and returns filtered args
+func parseCustomSSHFlags(args []string) ([]string, []string, []string) {
+	var localForwardFlags []string
+	var remoteForwardFlags []string
+	var filteredArgs []string
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(args); i++ {
+		arg := args[i]
+		switch {
+		case strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-L"):
+			localForwardFlags, i = parseForwardFlag(arg, args, i, localForwardFlags)
+		case strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-R"):
+			remoteForwardFlags, i = parseForwardFlag(arg, args, i, remoteForwardFlags)
+		default:
+			filteredArgs = append(filteredArgs, arg)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return filteredArgs, localForwardFlags, remoteForwardFlags
+}
+
+func parseForwardFlag(arg string, args []string, i int, flags []string) ([]string, int) {
+	if arg == "-L" || arg == "-R" {
+		if i+1 < len(args) {
+			flags = append(flags, args[i+1])
+			i++
+		}
+	} else if len(arg) > 2 {
+		flags = append(flags, arg[2:])
+	}
+	return flags, i
+}
+
+// extractGlobalFlags parses global flags that were passed before 'ssh' command
+func extractGlobalFlags(args []string) {
+	sshPos := findSSHCommandPosition(args)
+	if sshPos == -1 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	globalArgs := args[:sshPos]
+	parseGlobalArgs(globalArgs)
+}
+
+// findSSHCommandPosition locates the 'ssh' command in the argument list
+func findSSHCommandPosition(args []string) int {
+	for i, arg := range args {
+		if arg == "ssh" {
+			return i
+		}
+	}
+	return -1
+}
+
+const (
+	configFlag   = "config"
+	logLevelFlag = "log-level"
+	logFileFlag  = "log-file"
+)
+
+// parseGlobalArgs processes the global arguments and sets the corresponding variables
+func parseGlobalArgs(globalArgs []string) {
+	flagHandlers := map[string]func(string){
+		configFlag:   func(value string) { configPath = value },
+		logLevelFlag: func(value string) { logLevel = value },
+		logFileFlag: func(value string) {
+			if !slices.Contains(logFiles, value) {
+				logFiles = append(logFiles, value)
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	shortFlags := map[string]string{
+		"c": configFlag,
+		"l": logLevelFlag,
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(globalArgs); i++ {
+		arg := globalArgs[i]
+
+		if handled, nextIndex := parseFlag(arg, globalArgs, i, flagHandlers, shortFlags); handled {
+			i = nextIndex
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// parseFlag handles generic flag parsing for both long and short forms
+func parseFlag(arg string, args []string, currentIndex int, flagHandlers map[string]func(string), shortFlags map[string]string) (bool, int) {
+	if parsedValue, found := parseEqualsFormat(arg, flagHandlers, shortFlags); found {
+		flagHandlers[parsedValue.flagName](parsedValue.value)
+		return true, currentIndex
+	}
+
+	if parsedValue, found := parseSpacedFormat(arg, args, currentIndex, flagHandlers, shortFlags); found {
+		flagHandlers[parsedValue.flagName](parsedValue.value)
+		return true, currentIndex + 1
+	}
+
+	return false, currentIndex
+}
+
+type parsedFlag struct {
+	flagName string
+	value    string
+}
+
+// parseEqualsFormat handles --flag=value and -f=value formats
+func parseEqualsFormat(arg string, flagHandlers map[string]func(string), shortFlags map[string]string) (parsedFlag, bool) {
+	if !strings.Contains(arg, "=") {
+		return parsedFlag{}, false
+	}
+
+	parts := strings.SplitN(arg, "=", 2)
+	if len(parts) != 2 {
+		return parsedFlag{}, false
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(parts[0], "--") {
+		flagName := strings.TrimPrefix(parts[0], "--")
+		if _, exists := flagHandlers[flagName]; exists {
+			return parsedFlag{flagName: flagName, value: parts[1]}, true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(parts[0], "-") && len(parts[0]) == 2 {
+		shortFlag := strings.TrimPrefix(parts[0], "-")
+		if longFlag, exists := shortFlags[shortFlag]; exists {
+			if _, exists := flagHandlers[longFlag]; exists {
+				return parsedFlag{flagName: longFlag, value: parts[1]}, true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return parsedFlag{}, false
+}
+
+// parseSpacedFormat handles --flag value and -f value formats
+func parseSpacedFormat(arg string, args []string, currentIndex int, flagHandlers map[string]func(string), shortFlags map[string]string) (parsedFlag, bool) {
+	if currentIndex+1 >= len(args) {
+		return parsedFlag{}, false
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "--") {
+		flagName := strings.TrimPrefix(arg, "--")
+		if _, exists := flagHandlers[flagName]; exists {
+			return parsedFlag{flagName: flagName, value: args[currentIndex+1]}, true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-") && len(arg) == 2 {
+		shortFlag := strings.TrimPrefix(arg, "-")
+		if longFlag, exists := shortFlags[shortFlag]; exists {
+			if _, exists := flagHandlers[longFlag]; exists {
+				return parsedFlag{flagName: longFlag, value: args[currentIndex+1]}, true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return parsedFlag{}, false
+}
+
+// createSSHFlagSet creates and configures the flag set for SSH command parsing
+// sshFlags contains all SSH-related flags and parameters
+type sshFlags struct {
+	Port                  int
+	Username              string
+	Login                 string
+	StrictHostKeyChecking bool
+	KnownHostsFile        string
+	IdentityFile          string
+	SkipCachedToken       bool
+	ConfigPath            string
+	LogLevel              string
+	LocalForwards         []string
+	RemoteForwards        []string
+	Host                  string
+	Command               string
+}
+
+func createSSHFlagSet() (*flag.FlagSet, *sshFlags) {
+	defaultConfigPath := getEnvOrDefault("CONFIG", configPath)
+	defaultLogLevel := getEnvOrDefault("LOG_LEVEL", logLevel)
+
+	fs := flag.NewFlagSet("ssh-flags", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	fs.SetOutput(nil)
+
+	flags := &sshFlags{}
+
+	fs.IntVar(&flags.Port, "p", sshserver.DefaultSSHPort, "SSH port")
+	fs.Int("port", sshserver.DefaultSSHPort, "SSH port")
+	fs.StringVar(&flags.Username, "u", "", sshUsernameDesc)
+	fs.String("user", "", sshUsernameDesc)
+	fs.StringVar(&flags.Login, "login", "", sshUsernameDesc+" (alias for --user)")
+
+	fs.BoolVar(&flags.StrictHostKeyChecking, "strict-host-key-checking", true, "Enable strict host key checking")
+	fs.StringVar(&flags.KnownHostsFile, "o", "", "Path to known_hosts file")
+	fs.String("known-hosts", "", "Path to known_hosts file")
+	fs.StringVar(&flags.IdentityFile, "i", "", "Path to SSH private key file")
+	fs.String("identity", "", "Path to SSH private key file")
+	fs.BoolVar(&flags.SkipCachedToken, "no-cache", false, "Skip cached JWT token and force fresh authentication")
+
+	fs.StringVar(&flags.ConfigPath, "c", defaultConfigPath, "Netbird config file location")
+	fs.String("config", defaultConfigPath, "Netbird config file location")
+	fs.StringVar(&flags.LogLevel, "l", defaultLogLevel, "sets Netbird log level")
+	fs.String("log-level", defaultLogLevel, "sets Netbird log level")
+
+	return fs, flags
+}
+
+func validateSSHArgsWithoutFlagParsing(_ *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	if len(args) < 1 {
+		return errors.New(hostArgumentRequired)
+	}
+
+	resetSSHGlobals()
+
+	if len(os.Args) > 2 {
+		extractGlobalFlags(os.Args[1:])
+	}
+
+	filteredArgs, localForwardFlags, remoteForwardFlags := parseCustomSSHFlags(args)
+
+	fs, flags := createSSHFlagSet()
+
+	if err := fs.Parse(filteredArgs); err != nil {
+		return parseHostnameAndCommand(filteredArgs)
+	}
+
+	remaining := fs.Args()
+	if len(remaining) < 1 {
+		return errors.New(hostArgumentRequired)
+	}
+
+	port = flags.Port
+	if flags.Username != "" {
+		username = flags.Username
+	} else if flags.Login != "" {
+		username = flags.Login
+	}
+
+	strictHostKeyChecking = flags.StrictHostKeyChecking
+	knownHostsFile = flags.KnownHostsFile
+	identityFile = flags.IdentityFile
+	skipCachedToken = flags.SkipCachedToken
+
+	if flags.ConfigPath != getEnvOrDefault("CONFIG", configPath) {
+		configPath = flags.ConfigPath
+	}
+	if flags.LogLevel != getEnvOrDefault("LOG_LEVEL", logLevel) {
+		logLevel = flags.LogLevel
+	}
+
+	localForwards = localForwardFlags
+	remoteForwards = remoteForwardFlags
+
+	return parseHostnameAndCommand(remaining)
+}
+
+func parseHostnameAndCommand(args []string) error {
+	if len(args) < 1 {
+		return errors.New(hostArgumentRequired)
+	}
+
+	arg := args[0]
+	if strings.Contains(arg, "@") {
+		parts := strings.SplitN(arg, "@", 2)
+		if len(parts) != 2 || parts[0] == "" || parts[1] == "" {
+			return errors.New("invalid user@host format")
+		}
+		if username == "" {
+			username = parts[0]
+		}
+		host = parts[1]
+	} else {
+		host = arg
+	}
+
+	if username == "" {
+		if sudoUser := os.Getenv("SUDO_USER"); sudoUser != "" {
+			username = sudoUser
+		} else if currentUser, err := user.Current(); err == nil {
+			username = currentUser.Username
+		} else {
+			username = "root"
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Everything after hostname becomes the command
+	if len(args) > 1 {
+		command = strings.Join(args[1:], " ")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func runSSH(ctx context.Context, addr string, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
+	target := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", addr, port)
+	c, err := sshclient.Dial(ctx, target, username, sshclient.DialOptions{
+		KnownHostsFile:     knownHostsFile,
+		IdentityFile:       identityFile,
+		DaemonAddr:         daemonAddr,
+		SkipCachedToken:    skipCachedToken,
+		InsecureSkipVerify: !strictHostKeyChecking,
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		cmd.Printf("Failed to connect to %s@%s\n", username, target)
+		cmd.Printf("\nTroubleshooting steps:\n")
+		cmd.Printf("  1. Check peer connectivity: netbird status -d\n")
+		cmd.Printf("  2. Verify SSH server is enabled on the peer\n")
+		cmd.Printf("  3. Ensure correct hostname/IP is used\n")
+		return fmt.Errorf("dial %s: %w", target, err)
+	}
+
+	sshCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	go func() {
+		<-sshCtx.Done()
+		if err := c.Close(); err != nil {
+			cmd.Printf("Error closing SSH connection: %v\n", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err := startPortForwarding(sshCtx, c, cmd); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("start port forwarding: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if command != "" {
+		return executeSSHCommand(sshCtx, c, command)
+	}
+	return openSSHTerminal(sshCtx, c)
+}
+
+// executeSSHCommand executes a command over SSH.
+func executeSSHCommand(ctx context.Context, c *sshclient.Client, command string) error {
+	if err := c.ExecuteCommandWithIO(ctx, command); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("execute command: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// openSSHTerminal opens an interactive SSH terminal.
+func openSSHTerminal(ctx context.Context, c *sshclient.Client) error {
+	if err := c.OpenTerminal(ctx); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("open terminal: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// startPortForwarding starts local and remote port forwarding based on command line flags
+func startPortForwarding(ctx context.Context, c *sshclient.Client, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
+	for _, forward := range localForwards {
+		if err := parseAndStartLocalForward(ctx, c, forward, cmd); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("local port forward %s: %w", forward, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, forward := range remoteForwards {
+		if err := parseAndStartRemoteForward(ctx, c, forward, cmd); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remote port forward %s: %w", forward, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// parseAndStartLocalForward parses and starts a local port forward (-L)
+func parseAndStartLocalForward(ctx context.Context, c *sshclient.Client, forward string, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
+	localAddr, remoteAddr, err := parsePortForwardSpec(forward)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	cmd.Printf("Local port forwarding: %s -> %s\n", localAddr, remoteAddr)
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := c.LocalPortForward(ctx, localAddr, remoteAddr); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+			cmd.Printf("Local port forward error: %v\n", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// parseAndStartRemoteForward parses and starts a remote port forward (-R)
+func parseAndStartRemoteForward(ctx context.Context, c *sshclient.Client, forward string, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
+	remoteAddr, localAddr, err := parsePortForwardSpec(forward)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	cmd.Printf("Remote port forwarding: %s -> %s\n", remoteAddr, localAddr)
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := c.RemotePortForward(ctx, remoteAddr, localAddr); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+			cmd.Printf("Remote port forward error: %v\n", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// parsePortForwardSpec parses port forward specifications like "8080:localhost:80" or "[::1]:8080:localhost:80".
+// Also supports Unix sockets like "8080:/tmp/socket" or "127.0.0.1:8080:/tmp/socket".
+func parsePortForwardSpec(spec string) (string, string, error) {
+	// Support formats:
+	// port:host:hostport  -> localhost:port -> host:hostport
+	// host:port:host:hostport  -> host:port -> host:hostport
+	// [host]:port:host:hostport -> [host]:port -> host:hostport
+	// port:unix_socket_path -> localhost:port -> unix_socket_path
+	// host:port:unix_socket_path -> host:port -> unix_socket_path
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(spec, "[") && strings.Contains(spec, "]:") {
+		return parseIPv6ForwardSpec(spec)
+	}
+
+	parts := strings.Split(spec, ":")
+	if len(parts) < 2 {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("invalid port forward specification: %s (expected format: [local_host:]local_port:remote_target)", spec)
+	}
+
+	switch len(parts) {
+	case 2:
+		return parseTwoPartForwardSpec(parts, spec)
+	case 3:
+		return parseThreePartForwardSpec(parts)
+	case 4:
+		return parseFourPartForwardSpec(parts)
+	default:
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("invalid port forward specification: %s", spec)
+	}
+}
+
+// parseTwoPartForwardSpec handles "port:unix_socket" format.
+func parseTwoPartForwardSpec(parts []string, spec string) (string, string, error) {
+	if isUnixSocket(parts[1]) {
+		localAddr := "localhost:" + parts[0]
+		remoteAddr := parts[1]
+		return localAddr, remoteAddr, nil
+	}
+	return "", "", fmt.Errorf("invalid port forward specification: %s (expected format: [local_host:]local_port:remote_host:remote_port or [local_host:]local_port:unix_socket)", spec)
+}
+
+// parseThreePartForwardSpec handles "port:host:hostport" or "host:port:unix_socket" formats.
+func parseThreePartForwardSpec(parts []string) (string, string, error) {
+	if isUnixSocket(parts[2]) {
+		localHost := normalizeLocalHost(parts[0])
+		localAddr := localHost + ":" + parts[1]
+		remoteAddr := parts[2]
+		return localAddr, remoteAddr, nil
+	}
+	localAddr := "localhost:" + parts[0]
+	remoteAddr := parts[1] + ":" + parts[2]
+	return localAddr, remoteAddr, nil
+}
+
+// parseFourPartForwardSpec handles "host:port:host:hostport" format.
+func parseFourPartForwardSpec(parts []string) (string, string, error) {
+	localHost := normalizeLocalHost(parts[0])
+	localAddr := localHost + ":" + parts[1]
+	remoteAddr := parts[2] + ":" + parts[3]
+	return localAddr, remoteAddr, nil
+}
+
+// parseIPv6ForwardSpec handles "[host]:port:host:hostport" format.
+func parseIPv6ForwardSpec(spec string) (string, string, error) {
+	idx := strings.Index(spec, "]:")
+	if idx == -1 {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv6 port forward specification: %s", spec)
+	}
+
+	ipv6Host := spec[:idx+1]
+	remaining := spec[idx+2:]
+
+	parts := strings.Split(remaining, ":")
+	if len(parts) != 3 {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv6 port forward specification: %s (expected [ipv6]:port:host:hostport)", spec)
+	}
+
+	localAddr := ipv6Host + ":" + parts[0]
+	remoteAddr := parts[1] + ":" + parts[2]
+	return localAddr, remoteAddr, nil
+}
+
+// isUnixSocket checks if a path is a Unix socket path.
+func isUnixSocket(path string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(path, "/") || strings.HasPrefix(path, "./")
+}
+
+// normalizeLocalHost converts "*" to "0.0.0.0" for binding to all interfaces.
+func normalizeLocalHost(host string) string {
+	if host == "*" {
+		return "0.0.0.0"
+	}
+	return host
+}
+
+var sshProxyCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:    "proxy <host> <port>",
+	Short:  "Internal SSH proxy for native SSH client integration",
+	Long:   "Internal command used by SSH ProxyCommand to handle JWT authentication",
+	Hidden: true,
+	Args:   cobra.ExactArgs(2),
+	RunE:   sshProxyFn,
+}
+
+func sshProxyFn(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	logOutput := "console"
+	if firstLogFile := util.FindFirstLogPath(logFiles); firstLogFile != "" && firstLogFile != defaultLogFile {
+		logOutput = firstLogFile
+	}
+	if err := util.InitLog(logLevel, logOutput); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("init log: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	host := args[0]
+	portStr := args[1]
+
+	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid port: %s", portStr)
+	}
+
+	proxy, err := sshproxy.New(daemonAddr, host, port, cmd.ErrOrStderr())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create SSH proxy: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := proxy.Connect(cmd.Context()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("SSH proxy: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+var sshDetectCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:    "detect <host> <port>",
+	Short:  "Detect if a host is running NetBird SSH",
+	Long:   "Internal command used by SSH Match exec to detect NetBird SSH servers. Exit codes: 0=JWT, 1=no-JWT, 2=regular SSH",
+	Hidden: true,
+	Args:   cobra.ExactArgs(2),
+	RunE:   sshDetectFn,
+}
+
+func sshDetectFn(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	if err := util.InitLog(logLevel, "console"); err != nil {
+		os.Exit(detection.ServerTypeRegular.ExitCode())
+	}
+
+	host := args[0]
+	portStr := args[1]
+
+	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		os.Exit(detection.ServerTypeRegular.ExitCode())
+	}
+
+	dialer := &net.Dialer{Timeout: detection.Timeout}
+	serverType, err := detection.DetectSSHServerType(cmd.Context(), dialer, host, port)
+	if err != nil {
+		os.Exit(detection.ServerTypeRegular.ExitCode())
+	}
+
+	os.Exit(serverType.ExitCode())
+	return nil
 }

client/cmd/ssh_exec_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+//go:build unix
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	sshserver "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/server"
+)
+
+var (
+	sshExecUID        uint32
+	sshExecGID        uint32
+	sshExecGroups     []uint
+	sshExecWorkingDir string
+	sshExecShell      string
+	sshExecCommand    string
+	sshExecPTY        bool
+)
+
+// sshExecCmd represents the hidden ssh exec subcommand for privilege dropping
+var sshExecCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:    "exec",
+	Short:  "Internal SSH execution with privilege dropping (hidden)",
+	Hidden: true,
+	RunE:   runSSHExec,
+}
+
+func init() {
+	sshExecCmd.Flags().Uint32Var(&sshExecUID, "uid", 0, "Target user ID")
+	sshExecCmd.Flags().Uint32Var(&sshExecGID, "gid", 0, "Target group ID")
+	sshExecCmd.Flags().UintSliceVar(&sshExecGroups, "groups", nil, "Supplementary group IDs (can be repeated)")
+	sshExecCmd.Flags().StringVar(&sshExecWorkingDir, "working-dir", "", "Working directory")
+	sshExecCmd.Flags().StringVar(&sshExecShell, "shell", "/bin/sh", "Shell to execute")
+	sshExecCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&sshExecPTY, "pty", false, "Request PTY (will fail as executor doesn't support PTY)")
+	sshExecCmd.Flags().StringVar(&sshExecCommand, "cmd", "", "Command to execute")
+
+	if err := sshExecCmd.MarkFlagRequired("uid"); err != nil {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "failed to mark uid flag as required: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	if err := sshExecCmd.MarkFlagRequired("gid"); err != nil {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "failed to mark gid flag as required: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	sshCmd.AddCommand(sshExecCmd)
+}
+
+// runSSHExec handles the SSH exec subcommand execution.
+func runSSHExec(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	privilegeDropper := sshserver.NewPrivilegeDropper()
+
+	var groups []uint32
+	for _, groupInt := range sshExecGroups {
+		groups = append(groups, uint32(groupInt))
+	}
+
+	config := sshserver.ExecutorConfig{
+		UID:        sshExecUID,
+		GID:        sshExecGID,
+		Groups:     groups,
+		WorkingDir: sshExecWorkingDir,
+		Shell:      sshExecShell,
+		Command:    sshExecCommand,
+		PTY:        sshExecPTY,
+	}
+
+	privilegeDropper.ExecuteWithPrivilegeDrop(cmd.Context(), config)
+	return nil
+}

client/cmd/ssh_sftp_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+//go:build unix
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/sftp"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	sshserver "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/server"
+)
+
+var (
+	sftpUID        uint32
+	sftpGID        uint32
+	sftpGroupsInt  []uint
+	sftpWorkingDir string
+)
+
+var sshSftpCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:    "sftp",
+	Short:  "SFTP server with privilege dropping (internal use)",
+	Hidden: true,
+	RunE:   sftpMain,
+}
+
+func init() {
+	sshSftpCmd.Flags().Uint32Var(&sftpUID, "uid", 0, "Target user ID")
+	sshSftpCmd.Flags().Uint32Var(&sftpGID, "gid", 0, "Target group ID")
+	sshSftpCmd.Flags().UintSliceVar(&sftpGroupsInt, "groups", nil, "Supplementary group IDs (can be repeated)")
+	sshSftpCmd.Flags().StringVar(&sftpWorkingDir, "working-dir", "", "Working directory")
+}
+
+func sftpMain(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	privilegeDropper := sshserver.NewPrivilegeDropper()
+
+	var groups []uint32
+	for _, groupInt := range sftpGroupsInt {
+		groups = append(groups, uint32(groupInt))
+	}
+
+	config := sshserver.ExecutorConfig{
+		UID:        sftpUID,
+		GID:        sftpGID,
+		Groups:     groups,
+		WorkingDir: sftpWorkingDir,
+		Shell:      "",
+		Command:    "",
+	}
+
+	log.Tracef("dropping privileges for SFTP to UID=%d, GID=%d, groups=%v", config.UID, config.GID, config.Groups)
+
+	if err := privilegeDropper.DropPrivileges(config.UID, config.GID, config.Groups); err != nil {
+		cmd.PrintErrf("privilege drop failed: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(sshserver.ExitCodePrivilegeDropFail)
+	}
+
+	if config.WorkingDir != "" {
+		if err := os.Chdir(config.WorkingDir); err != nil {
+			cmd.PrintErrf("failed to change to working directory %s: %v\n", config.WorkingDir, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	sftpServer, err := sftp.NewServer(struct {
+		io.Reader
+		io.WriteCloser
+	}{
+		Reader:      os.Stdin,
+		WriteCloser: os.Stdout,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		cmd.PrintErrf("SFTP server creation failed: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(sshserver.ExitCodeShellExecFail)
+	}
+
+	log.Tracef("starting SFTP server with dropped privileges")
+	if err := sftpServer.Serve(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		cmd.PrintErrf("SFTP server error: %v\n", err)
+		if closeErr := sftpServer.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+			cmd.PrintErrf("SFTP server close error: %v\n", closeErr)
+		}
+		os.Exit(sshserver.ExitCodeShellExecFail)
+	}
+
+	if closeErr := sftpServer.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+		cmd.PrintErrf("SFTP server close error: %v\n", closeErr)
+	}
+	os.Exit(sshserver.ExitCodeSuccess)
+	return nil
+}

client/cmd/ssh_sftp_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/user"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/sftp"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	sshserver "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/server"
+)
+
+var (
+	sftpWorkingDir  string
+	windowsUsername string
+	windowsDomain   string
+)
+
+var sshSftpCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:    "sftp",
+	Short:  "SFTP server with user switching for Windows (internal use)",
+	Hidden: true,
+	RunE:   sftpMain,
+}
+
+func init() {
+	sshSftpCmd.Flags().StringVar(&sftpWorkingDir, "working-dir", "", "Working directory")
+	sshSftpCmd.Flags().StringVar(&windowsUsername, "windows-username", "", "Windows username for user switching")
+	sshSftpCmd.Flags().StringVar(&windowsDomain, "windows-domain", "", "Windows domain for user switching")
+}
+
+func sftpMain(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	return sftpMainDirect(cmd)
+}
+
+func sftpMainDirect(cmd *cobra.Command) error {
+	currentUser, err := user.Current()
+	if err != nil {
+		cmd.PrintErrf("failed to get current user: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(sshserver.ExitCodeValidationFail)
+	}
+
+	if windowsUsername != "" {
+		expectedUsername := windowsUsername
+		if windowsDomain != "" {
+			expectedUsername = fmt.Sprintf(`%s\%s`, windowsDomain, windowsUsername)
+		}
+		if currentUser.Username != expectedUsername && currentUser.Username != windowsUsername {
+			cmd.PrintErrf("user switching failed\n")
+			os.Exit(sshserver.ExitCodeValidationFail)
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("SFTP process running as: %s (UID: %s, Name: %s)", currentUser.Username, currentUser.Uid, currentUser.Name)
+
+	if sftpWorkingDir != "" {
+		if err := os.Chdir(sftpWorkingDir); err != nil {
+			cmd.PrintErrf("failed to change to working directory %s: %v\n", sftpWorkingDir, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	sftpServer, err := sftp.NewServer(struct {
+		io.Reader
+		io.WriteCloser
+	}{
+		Reader:      os.Stdin,
+		WriteCloser: os.Stdout,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		cmd.PrintErrf("SFTP server creation failed: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(sshserver.ExitCodeShellExecFail)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("starting SFTP server")
+	exitCode := sshserver.ExitCodeSuccess
+	if err := sftpServer.Serve(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		cmd.PrintErrf("SFTP server error: %v\n", err)
+		exitCode = sshserver.ExitCodeShellExecFail
+	}
+
+	if err := sftpServer.Close(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("SFTP server close error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	os.Exit(exitCode)
+	return nil
+}

client/cmd/ssh_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,669 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSSHCommand_FlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		args         []string
+		expectedHost string
+		expectedUser string
+		expectedPort int
+		expectedCmd  string
+		expectError  bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "basic host",
+			args:         []string{"hostname"},
+			expectedHost: "hostname",
+			expectedUser: "",
+			expectedPort: 22,
+			expectedCmd:  "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "user@host format",
+			args:         []string{"user@hostname"},
+			expectedHost: "hostname",
+			expectedUser: "user",
+			expectedPort: 22,
+			expectedCmd:  "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "host with command",
+			args:         []string{"hostname", "echo", "hello"},
+			expectedHost: "hostname",
+			expectedUser: "",
+			expectedPort: 22,
+			expectedCmd:  "echo hello",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "command with flags should be preserved",
+			args:         []string{"hostname", "ls", "-la", "/tmp"},
+			expectedHost: "hostname",
+			expectedUser: "",
+			expectedPort: 22,
+			expectedCmd:  "ls -la /tmp",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "double dash separator",
+			args:         []string{"hostname", "--", "ls", "-la"},
+			expectedHost: "hostname",
+			expectedUser: "",
+			expectedPort: 22,
+			expectedCmd:  "-- ls -la",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Reset global variables
+			host = ""
+			username = ""
+			port = 22
+			command = ""
+
+			// Mock command for testing
+			cmd := sshCmd
+			cmd.SetArgs(tt.args)
+
+			err := validateSSHArgsWithoutFlagParsing(cmd, tt.args)
+
+			if tt.expectError {
+				assert.Error(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.NoError(t, err, "SSH args validation should succeed for valid input")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedHost, host, "host mismatch")
+			if tt.expectedUser != "" {
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedUser, username, "username mismatch")
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedPort, port, "port mismatch")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCmd, command, "command mismatch")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSSHCommand_FlagConflictPrevention(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that SSH flags don't conflict with command flags
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		args        []string
+		expectedCmd string
+		description string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "ls with -la flags",
+			args:        []string{"hostname", "ls", "-la"},
+			expectedCmd: "ls -la",
+			description: "ls flags should be passed to remote command",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "grep with -r flag",
+			args:        []string{"hostname", "grep", "-r", "pattern", "/path"},
+			expectedCmd: "grep -r pattern /path",
+			description: "grep flags should be passed to remote command",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "ps with aux flags",
+			args:        []string{"hostname", "ps", "aux"},
+			expectedCmd: "ps aux",
+			description: "ps flags should be passed to remote command",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "command with double dash",
+			args:        []string{"hostname", "--", "ls", "-la"},
+			expectedCmd: "-- ls -la",
+			description: "double dash should be preserved in command",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Reset global variables
+			host = ""
+			username = ""
+			port = 22
+			command = ""
+
+			cmd := sshCmd
+			err := validateSSHArgsWithoutFlagParsing(cmd, tt.args)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "SSH args validation should succeed for valid input")
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCmd, command, tt.description)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSSHCommand_NonInteractiveExecution(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that commands with arguments should execute the command and exit,
+	// not drop to an interactive shell
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		args        []string
+		expectedCmd string
+		shouldExit  bool
+		description string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "ls command should execute and exit",
+			args:        []string{"hostname", "ls"},
+			expectedCmd: "ls",
+			shouldExit:  true,
+			description: "ls command should execute and exit, not drop to shell",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "ls with flags should execute and exit",
+			args:        []string{"hostname", "ls", "-la"},
+			expectedCmd: "ls -la",
+			shouldExit:  true,
+			description: "ls with flags should execute and exit, not drop to shell",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "pwd command should execute and exit",
+			args:        []string{"hostname", "pwd"},
+			expectedCmd: "pwd",
+			shouldExit:  true,
+			description: "pwd command should execute and exit, not drop to shell",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "echo command should execute and exit",
+			args:        []string{"hostname", "echo", "hello"},
+			expectedCmd: "echo hello",
+			shouldExit:  true,
+			description: "echo command should execute and exit, not drop to shell",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "no command should open shell",
+			args:        []string{"hostname"},
+			expectedCmd: "",
+			shouldExit:  false,
+			description: "no command should open interactive shell",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Reset global variables
+			host = ""
+			username = ""
+			port = 22
+			command = ""
+
+			cmd := sshCmd
+			err := validateSSHArgsWithoutFlagParsing(cmd, tt.args)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "SSH args validation should succeed for valid input")
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCmd, command, tt.description)
+
+			// When command is present, it should execute the command and exit
+			// When command is empty, it should open interactive shell
+			hasCommand := command != ""
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.shouldExit, hasCommand, "Command presence should match expected behavior")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSSHCommand_FlagHandling(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that flags after hostname are not parsed by netbird but passed to SSH command
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		args         []string
+		expectedHost string
+		expectedCmd  string
+		expectError  bool
+		description  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "ls with -la flag should not be parsed by netbird",
+			args:         []string{"debian2", "ls", "-la"},
+			expectedHost: "debian2",
+			expectedCmd:  "ls -la",
+			expectError:  false,
+			description:  "ls -la should be passed as SSH command, not parsed as netbird flags",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "command with netbird-like flags should be passed through",
+			args:         []string{"hostname", "echo", "--help"},
+			expectedHost: "hostname",
+			expectedCmd:  "echo --help",
+			expectError:  false,
+			description:  "--help should be passed to echo, not parsed by netbird",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "command with -p flag should not conflict with SSH port flag",
+			args:         []string{"hostname", "ps", "-p", "1234"},
+			expectedHost: "hostname",
+			expectedCmd:  "ps -p 1234",
+			expectError:  false,
+			description:  "ps -p should be passed to ps command, not parsed as port",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "tar with flags should be passed through",
+			args:         []string{"hostname", "tar", "-czf", "backup.tar.gz", "/home"},
+			expectedHost: "hostname",
+			expectedCmd:  "tar -czf backup.tar.gz /home",
+			expectError:  false,
+			description:  "tar flags should be passed to tar command",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Reset global variables
+			host = ""
+			username = ""
+			port = 22
+			command = ""
+
+			cmd := sshCmd
+			err := validateSSHArgsWithoutFlagParsing(cmd, tt.args)
+
+			if tt.expectError {
+				assert.Error(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.NoError(t, err, "SSH args validation should succeed for valid input")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedHost, host, "host mismatch")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCmd, command, tt.description)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSSHCommand_RegressionFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
+	// Regression test for the specific issue: "sudo ./netbird ssh debian2 ls -la"
+	// should not parse -la as netbird flags but pass them to the SSH command
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		args         []string
+		expectedHost string
+		expectedCmd  string
+		expectError  bool
+		description  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "original issue: ls -la should be preserved",
+			args:         []string{"debian2", "ls", "-la"},
+			expectedHost: "debian2",
+			expectedCmd:  "ls -la",
+			expectError:  false,
+			description:  "The original failing case should now work",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "ls -l should be preserved",
+			args:         []string{"hostname", "ls", "-l"},
+			expectedHost: "hostname",
+			expectedCmd:  "ls -l",
+			expectError:  false,
+			description:  "Single letter flags should be preserved",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "SSH port flag should work",
+			args:         []string{"-p", "2222", "hostname", "ls", "-la"},
+			expectedHost: "hostname",
+			expectedCmd:  "ls -la",
+			expectError:  false,
+			description:  "SSH -p flag should be parsed, command flags preserved",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Reset global variables
+			host = ""
+			username = ""
+			port = 22
+			command = ""
+
+			cmd := sshCmd
+			err := validateSSHArgsWithoutFlagParsing(cmd, tt.args)
+
+			if tt.expectError {
+				assert.Error(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.NoError(t, err, "SSH args validation should succeed for valid input")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedHost, host, "host mismatch")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCmd, command, tt.description)
+
+			// Check port for the test case with -p flag
+			if len(tt.args) > 0 && tt.args[0] == "-p" {
+				assert.Equal(t, 2222, port, "port should be parsed from -p flag")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSSHCommand_PortForwardingFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		args           []string
+		expectedHost   string
+		expectedLocal  []string
+		expectedRemote []string
+		expectError    bool
+		description    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "local port forwarding -L",
+			args:           []string{"-L", "8080:localhost:80", "hostname"},
+			expectedHost:   "hostname",
+			expectedLocal:  []string{"8080:localhost:80"},
+			expectedRemote: []string{},
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "Single -L flag should be parsed correctly",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "remote port forwarding -R",
+			args:           []string{"-R", "8080:localhost:80", "hostname"},
+			expectedHost:   "hostname",
+			expectedLocal:  []string{},
+			expectedRemote: []string{"8080:localhost:80"},
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "Single -R flag should be parsed correctly",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "multiple local port forwards",
+			args:           []string{"-L", "8080:localhost:80", "-L", "9090:localhost:443", "hostname"},
+			expectedHost:   "hostname",
+			expectedLocal:  []string{"8080:localhost:80", "9090:localhost:443"},
+			expectedRemote: []string{},
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "Multiple -L flags should be parsed correctly",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "multiple remote port forwards",
+			args:           []string{"-R", "8080:localhost:80", "-R", "9090:localhost:443", "hostname"},
+			expectedHost:   "hostname",
+			expectedLocal:  []string{},
+			expectedRemote: []string{"8080:localhost:80", "9090:localhost:443"},
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "Multiple -R flags should be parsed correctly",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "mixed local and remote forwards",
+			args:           []string{"-L", "8080:localhost:80", "-R", "9090:localhost:443", "hostname"},
+			expectedHost:   "hostname",
+			expectedLocal:  []string{"8080:localhost:80"},
+			expectedRemote: []string{"9090:localhost:443"},
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "Mixed -L and -R flags should be parsed correctly",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "port forwarding with bind address",
+			args:           []string{"-L", "127.0.0.1:8080:localhost:80", "hostname"},
+			expectedHost:   "hostname",
+			expectedLocal:  []string{"127.0.0.1:8080:localhost:80"},
+			expectedRemote: []string{},
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "Port forwarding with bind address should work",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "port forwarding with command",
+			args:           []string{"-L", "8080:localhost:80", "hostname", "ls", "-la"},
+			expectedHost:   "hostname",
+			expectedLocal:  []string{"8080:localhost:80"},
+			expectedRemote: []string{},
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "Port forwarding with command should work",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Reset global variables
+			host = ""
+			username = ""
+			port = 22
+			command = ""
+			localForwards = nil
+			remoteForwards = nil
+
+			cmd := sshCmd
+			err := validateSSHArgsWithoutFlagParsing(cmd, tt.args)
+
+			if tt.expectError {
+				assert.Error(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.NoError(t, err, "SSH args validation should succeed for valid input")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedHost, host, "host mismatch")
+			// Handle nil vs empty slice comparison
+			if len(tt.expectedLocal) == 0 {
+				assert.True(t, len(localForwards) == 0, tt.description+" - local forwards should be empty")
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedLocal, localForwards, tt.description+" - local forwards")
+			}
+			if len(tt.expectedRemote) == 0 {
+				assert.True(t, len(remoteForwards) == 0, tt.description+" - remote forwards should be empty")
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedRemote, remoteForwards, tt.description+" - remote forwards")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParsePortForward(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		spec           string
+		expectedLocal  string
+		expectedRemote string
+		expectError    bool
+		description    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "simple port forward",
+			spec:           "8080:localhost:80",
+			expectedLocal:  "localhost:8080",
+			expectedRemote: "localhost:80",
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "Simple port:host:port format should work",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "port forward with bind address",
+			spec:           "127.0.0.1:8080:localhost:80",
+			expectedLocal:  "127.0.0.1:8080",
+			expectedRemote: "localhost:80",
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "bind_address:port:host:port format should work",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "port forward to different host",
+			spec:           "8080:example.com:443",
+			expectedLocal:  "localhost:8080",
+			expectedRemote: "example.com:443",
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "Forwarding to different host should work",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "port forward with IPv6 (needs bracket support)",
+			spec:        "::1:8080:localhost:80",
+			expectError: true,
+			description: "IPv6 without brackets fails as expected (feature to implement)",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "invalid format - too few parts",
+			spec:        "8080:localhost",
+			expectError: true,
+			description: "Invalid format with too few parts should fail",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "invalid format - too many parts",
+			spec:        "127.0.0.1:8080:localhost:80:extra",
+			expectError: true,
+			description: "Invalid format with too many parts should fail",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "empty spec",
+			spec:        "",
+			expectError: true,
+			description: "Empty spec should fail",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "unix socket local forward",
+			spec:           "8080:/tmp/socket",
+			expectedLocal:  "localhost:8080",
+			expectedRemote: "/tmp/socket",
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "Unix socket forwarding should work",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "unix socket with bind address",
+			spec:           "127.0.0.1:8080:/tmp/socket",
+			expectedLocal:  "127.0.0.1:8080",
+			expectedRemote: "/tmp/socket",
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "Unix socket with bind address should work",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "wildcard bind all interfaces",
+			spec:           "*:8080:localhost:80",
+			expectedLocal:  "0.0.0.0:8080",
+			expectedRemote: "localhost:80",
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "Wildcard * should bind to all interfaces (0.0.0.0)",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "wildcard for port only",
+			spec:           "8080:*:80",
+			expectedLocal:  "localhost:8080",
+			expectedRemote: "*:80",
+			expectError:    false,
+			description:    "Wildcard in remote host should be preserved",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			localAddr, remoteAddr, err := parsePortForwardSpec(tt.spec)
+
+			if tt.expectError {
+				assert.Error(t, err, tt.description)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.NoError(t, err, tt.description)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedLocal, localAddr, tt.description+" - local address")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedRemote, remoteAddr, tt.description+" - remote address")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSSHCommand_IntegrationPortForwarding(t *testing.T) {
+	// Integration test for port forwarding with the actual SSH command implementation
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		args           []string
+		expectedHost   string
+		expectedLocal  []string
+		expectedRemote []string
+		expectedCmd    string
+		description    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "local forward with command",
+			args:           []string{"-L", "8080:localhost:80", "hostname", "echo", "test"},
+			expectedHost:   "hostname",
+			expectedLocal:  []string{"8080:localhost:80"},
+			expectedRemote: []string{},
+			expectedCmd:    "echo test",
+			description:    "Local forwarding should work with commands",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "remote forward with command",
+			args:           []string{"-R", "8080:localhost:80", "hostname", "ls", "-la"},
+			expectedHost:   "hostname",
+			expectedLocal:  []string{},
+			expectedRemote: []string{"8080:localhost:80"},
+			expectedCmd:    "ls -la",
+			description:    "Remote forwarding should work with commands",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "multiple forwards with user and command",
+			args:           []string{"-L", "8080:localhost:80", "-R", "9090:localhost:443", "user@hostname", "ps", "aux"},
+			expectedHost:   "hostname",
+			expectedLocal:  []string{"8080:localhost:80"},
+			expectedRemote: []string{"9090:localhost:443"},
+			expectedCmd:    "ps aux",
+			description:    "Complex case with multiple forwards, user, and command",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Reset global variables
+			host = ""
+			username = ""
+			port = 22
+			command = ""
+			localForwards = nil
+			remoteForwards = nil
+
+			cmd := sshCmd
+			err := validateSSHArgsWithoutFlagParsing(cmd, tt.args)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "SSH args validation should succeed for valid input")
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedHost, host, "host mismatch")
+			// Handle nil vs empty slice comparison
+			if len(tt.expectedLocal) == 0 {
+				assert.True(t, len(localForwards) == 0, tt.description+" - local forwards should be empty")
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedLocal, localForwards, tt.description+" - local forwards")
+			}
+			if len(tt.expectedRemote) == 0 {
+				assert.True(t, len(remoteForwards) == 0, tt.description+" - remote forwards should be empty")
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedRemote, remoteForwards, tt.description+" - remote forwards")
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCmd, command, tt.description+" - command")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSSHCommand_ParameterIsolation(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		args        []string
+		expectedCmd string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "cmd flag passed as command",
+			args:        []string{"hostname", "--cmd", "echo test"},
+			expectedCmd: "--cmd echo test",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "uid flag passed as command",
+			args:        []string{"hostname", "--uid", "1000"},
+			expectedCmd: "--uid 1000",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "shell flag passed as command",
+			args:        []string{"hostname", "--shell", "/bin/bash"},
+			expectedCmd: "--shell /bin/bash",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			host = ""
+			username = ""
+			port = 22
+			command = ""
+
+			err := validateSSHArgsWithoutFlagParsing(sshCmd, tt.args)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			assert.Equal(t, "hostname", host)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCmd, command)
+		})
+	}
+}

client/cmd/status.go

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func statusFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 	ctx := internal.CtxInitState(cmd.Context())
 
-	resp, err := getStatus(ctx)
+	resp, err := getStatus(ctx, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func statusFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func getStatus(ctx context.Context) (*proto.StatusResponse, error) {
+func getStatus(ctx context.Context, shouldRunProbes bool) (*proto.StatusResponse, error) {
 	conn, err := DialClientGRPCServer(ctx, daemonAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to daemon error: %v\n"+
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func getStatus(ctx context.Context) (*proto.StatusResponse, error) {
 	}
 	defer conn.Close()
 
-	resp, err := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn).Status(ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{GetFullPeerStatus: true, ShouldRunProbes: true})
+	resp, err := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn).Status(ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{GetFullPeerStatus: true, ShouldRunProbes: shouldRunProbes})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("status failed: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
 	}

client/cmd/testutil_test.go

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, config *config.Config, testFile string) (*grp
 		Return(&types.Settings{}, nil).
 		AnyTimes()
 
-	accountManager, err := mgmt.BuildManager(context.Background(), store, peersUpdateManager, nil, "", "netbird.selfhosted", eventStore, nil, false, iv, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManagerMock, false)
+	accountManager, err := mgmt.BuildManager(context.Background(), config, store, peersUpdateManager, nil, "", "netbird.selfhosted", eventStore, nil, false, iv, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManagerMock, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

client/cmd/up.go

@@ -348,6 +348,21 @@ func setupSetConfigReq(customDNSAddressConverted []byte, cmd *cobra.Command, pro
 	if cmd.Flag(serverSSHAllowedFlag).Changed {
 		req.ServerSSHAllowed = &serverSSHAllowed
 	}
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHRootFlag).Changed {
+		req.EnableSSHRoot = &enableSSHRoot
+	}
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHSFTPFlag).Changed {
+		req.EnableSSHSFTP = &enableSSHSFTP
+	}
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHLocalPortForwardFlag).Changed {
+		req.EnableSSHLocalPortForward = &enableSSHLocalPortForward
+	}
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHRemotePortForwardFlag).Changed {
+		req.EnableSSHRemotePortForward = &enableSSHRemotePortForward
+	}
+	if cmd.Flag(disableSSHAuthFlag).Changed {
+		req.DisableSSHAuth = &disableSSHAuth
+	}
 	if cmd.Flag(interfaceNameFlag).Changed {
 		if err := parseInterfaceName(interfaceName); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("parse interface name: %v", err)
@@ -432,6 +447,26 @@ func setupConfig(customDNSAddressConverted []byte, cmd *cobra.Command, configFil
 		ic.ServerSSHAllowed = &serverSSHAllowed
 	}
 
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHRootFlag).Changed {
+		ic.EnableSSHRoot = &enableSSHRoot
+	}
+
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHSFTPFlag).Changed {
+		ic.EnableSSHSFTP = &enableSSHSFTP
+	}
+
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHLocalPortForwardFlag).Changed {
+		ic.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding = &enableSSHLocalPortForward
+	}
+
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHRemotePortForwardFlag).Changed {
+		ic.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding = &enableSSHRemotePortForward
+	}
+
+	if cmd.Flag(disableSSHAuthFlag).Changed {
+		ic.DisableSSHAuth = &disableSSHAuth
+	}
+
 	if cmd.Flag(interfaceNameFlag).Changed {
 		if err := parseInterfaceName(interfaceName); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -532,6 +567,26 @@ func setupLoginRequest(providedSetupKey string, customDNSAddressConverted []byte
 		loginRequest.ServerSSHAllowed = &serverSSHAllowed
 	}
 
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHRootFlag).Changed {
+		loginRequest.EnableSSHRoot = &enableSSHRoot
+	}
+
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHSFTPFlag).Changed {
+		loginRequest.EnableSSHSFTP = &enableSSHSFTP
+	}
+
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHLocalPortForwardFlag).Changed {
+		loginRequest.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding = &enableSSHLocalPortForward
+	}
+
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHRemotePortForwardFlag).Changed {
+		loginRequest.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding = &enableSSHRemotePortForward
+	}
+
+	if cmd.Flag(disableSSHAuthFlag).Changed {
+		loginRequest.DisableSSHAuth = &disableSSHAuth
+	}
+
 	if cmd.Flag(disableAutoConnectFlag).Changed {
 		loginRequest.DisableAutoConnect = &autoConnectDisabled
 	}

client/embed/embed.go

@@ -18,12 +18,16 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	sshcommon "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 )
 
-var ErrClientAlreadyStarted = errors.New("client already started")
-var ErrClientNotStarted = errors.New("client not started")
-var ErrConfigNotInitialized = errors.New("config not initialized")
+var (
+	ErrClientAlreadyStarted = errors.New("client already started")
+	ErrClientNotStarted     = errors.New("client not started")
+	ErrEngineNotStarted     = errors.New("engine not started")
+	ErrConfigNotInitialized = errors.New("config not initialized")
+)
 
 // Client manages a netbird embedded client instance.
 type Client struct {
@@ -238,17 +242,9 @@ func (c *Client) GetConfig() (profilemanager.Config, error) {
 // Dial dials a network address in the netbird network.
 // Not applicable if the userspace networking mode is disabled.
 func (c *Client) Dial(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	connect := c.connect
-	if connect == nil {
-		c.mu.Unlock()
-		return nil, ErrClientNotStarted
-	}
-	c.mu.Unlock()
-
-	engine := connect.Engine()
-	if engine == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("engine not started")
+	engine, err := c.getEngine()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	nsnet, err := engine.GetNet()
@@ -259,6 +255,11 @@ func (c *Client) Dial(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, e
 	return nsnet.DialContext(ctx, network, address)
 }
 
+// DialContext dials a network address in the netbird network with context
+func (c *Client) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	return c.Dial(ctx, network, address)
+}
+
 // ListenTCP listens on the given address in the netbird network.
 // Not applicable if the userspace networking mode is disabled.
 func (c *Client) ListenTCP(address string) (net.Listener, error) {
@@ -314,18 +315,47 @@ func (c *Client) NewHTTPClient() *http.Client {
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *Client) getNet() (*wgnetstack.Net, netip.Addr, error) {
+// VerifySSHHostKey verifies an SSH host key against stored peer keys.
+// Returns nil if the key matches, ErrPeerNotFound if peer is not in network,
+// ErrNoStoredKey if peer has no stored key, or an error for verification failures.
+func (c *Client) VerifySSHHostKey(peerAddress string, key []byte) error {
+	engine, err := c.getEngine()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	storedKey, found := engine.GetPeerSSHKey(peerAddress)
+	if !found {
+		return sshcommon.ErrPeerNotFound
+	}
+
+	return sshcommon.VerifyHostKey(storedKey, key, peerAddress)
+}
+
+// getEngine safely retrieves the engine from the client with proper locking.
+// Returns ErrClientNotStarted if the client is not started.
+// Returns ErrEngineNotStarted if the engine is not available.
+func (c *Client) getEngine() (*internal.Engine, error) {
 	c.mu.Lock()
 	connect := c.connect
-	if connect == nil {
-		c.mu.Unlock()
-		return nil, netip.Addr{}, errors.New("client not started")
-	}
 	c.mu.Unlock()
 
+	if connect == nil {
+		return nil, ErrClientNotStarted
+	}
+
 	engine := connect.Engine()
 	if engine == nil {
-		return nil, netip.Addr{}, errors.New("engine not started")
+		return nil, ErrEngineNotStarted
+	}
+
+	return engine, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) getNet() (*wgnetstack.Net, netip.Addr, error) {
+	engine, err := c.getEngine()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, netip.Addr{}, err
 	}
 
 	addr, err := engine.Address()

client/firewall/create.go

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ import (
 )
 
 // NewFirewall creates a firewall manager instance
-func NewFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, _ *statemanager.Manager, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, disableServerRoutes bool) (firewall.Manager, error) {
+func NewFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, _ *statemanager.Manager, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, disableServerRoutes bool, mtu uint16) (firewall.Manager, error) {
 	if !iface.IsUserspaceBind() {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("not implemented for this OS: %s", runtime.GOOS)
 	}
 
 	// use userspace packet filtering firewall
-	fm, err := uspfilter.Create(iface, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger)
+	fm, err := uspfilter.Create(iface, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger, mtu)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

client/firewall/create_linux.go

@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ const SKIP_NFTABLES_ENV = "NB_SKIP_NFTABLES_CHECK"
 // FWType is the type for the firewall type
 type FWType int
 
-func NewFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, stateManager *statemanager.Manager, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, disableServerRoutes bool) (firewall.Manager, error) {
+func NewFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, stateManager *statemanager.Manager, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, disableServerRoutes bool, mtu uint16) (firewall.Manager, error) {
 	// on the linux system we try to user nftables or iptables
 	// in any case, because we need to allow netbird interface traffic
 	// so we use AllowNetbird traffic from these firewall managers
 	// for the userspace packet filtering firewall
-	fm, err := createNativeFirewall(iface, stateManager, disableServerRoutes)
+	fm, err := createNativeFirewall(iface, stateManager, disableServerRoutes, mtu)
 
 	if !iface.IsUserspaceBind() {
 		return fm, err
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ func NewFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, stateManager *statemanager.Manager, flowLogg
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("failed to create native firewall: %v. Proceeding with userspace", err)
 	}
-	return createUserspaceFirewall(iface, fm, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger)
+	return createUserspaceFirewall(iface, fm, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger, mtu)
 }
 
-func createNativeFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, stateManager *statemanager.Manager, routes bool) (firewall.Manager, error) {
-	fm, err := createFW(iface)
+func createNativeFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, stateManager *statemanager.Manager, routes bool, mtu uint16) (firewall.Manager, error) {
+	fm, err := createFW(iface, mtu)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create firewall: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -64,26 +64,26 @@ func createNativeFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, stateManager *statemanager.Manager,
 	return fm, nil
 }
 
-func createFW(iface IFaceMapper) (firewall.Manager, error) {
+func createFW(iface IFaceMapper, mtu uint16) (firewall.Manager, error) {
 	switch check() {
 	case IPTABLES:
 		log.Info("creating an iptables firewall manager")
-		return nbiptables.Create(iface)
+		return nbiptables.Create(iface, mtu)
 	case NFTABLES:
 		log.Info("creating an nftables firewall manager")
-		return nbnftables.Create(iface)
+		return nbnftables.Create(iface, mtu)
 	default:
 		log.Info("no firewall manager found, trying to use userspace packet filtering firewall")
 		return nil, errors.New("no firewall manager found")
 	}
 }
 
-func createUserspaceFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, fm firewall.Manager, disableServerRoutes bool, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger) (firewall.Manager, error) {
+func createUserspaceFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, fm firewall.Manager, disableServerRoutes bool, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, mtu uint16) (firewall.Manager, error) {
 	var errUsp error
 	if fm != nil {
-		fm, errUsp = uspfilter.CreateWithNativeFirewall(iface, fm, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger)
+		fm, errUsp = uspfilter.CreateWithNativeFirewall(iface, fm, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger, mtu)
 	} else {
-		fm, errUsp = uspfilter.Create(iface, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger)
+		fm, errUsp = uspfilter.Create(iface, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger, mtu)
 	}
 
 	if errUsp != nil {

client/firewall/iptables/acl_linux.go

@@ -400,7 +400,6 @@ func transformIPsetName(ipsetName string, sPort, dPort *firewall.Port, action fi
 		return ""
 	}
 
-	// Include action in the ipset name to prevent squashing rules with different actions
 	actionSuffix := ""
 	if action == firewall.ActionDrop {
 		actionSuffix = "-drop"

client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux.go

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ type iFaceMapper interface {
 }
 
 // Create iptables firewall manager
-func Create(wgIface iFaceMapper) (*Manager, error) {
+func Create(wgIface iFaceMapper, mtu uint16) (*Manager, error) {
 	iptablesClient, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("init iptables: %w", err)
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func Create(wgIface iFaceMapper) (*Manager, error) {
 		ipv4Client: iptablesClient,
 	}
 
-	m.router, err = newRouter(iptablesClient, wgIface)
+	m.router, err = newRouter(iptablesClient, wgIface, mtu)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create router: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ func (m *Manager) Init(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 			NameStr:       m.wgIface.Name(),
 			WGAddress:     m.wgIface.Address(),
 			UserspaceBind: m.wgIface.IsUserspaceBind(),
+			MTU:           m.router.mtu,
 		},
 	}
 	stateManager.RegisterState(state)
@@ -260,6 +261,22 @@ func (m *Manager) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
 	return m.router.UpdateSet(set, prefixes)
 }
 
+// AddInboundDNAT adds an inbound DNAT rule redirecting traffic from NetBird peers to local services.
+func (m *Manager) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	return m.router.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+}
+
+// RemoveInboundDNAT removes an inbound DNAT rule.
+func (m *Manager) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	return m.router.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+}
+
 func getConntrackEstablished() []string {
 	return []string{"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "RELATED,ESTABLISHED", "-j", "ACCEPT"}
 }

client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux_test.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 )
 
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// just check on the local interface
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock)
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
 
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ func TestIptablesManagerDenyRules(t *testing.T) {
 	ipv4Client, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock)
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
 
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ func TestIptablesManagerIPSet(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// just check on the local interface
-	manager, err := Create(mock)
+	manager, err := Create(mock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
 
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ func TestIptablesCreatePerformance(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, testMax := range []int{10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000} {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("Testing %d rules", testMax), func(t *testing.T) {
 			// just check on the local interface
-			manager, err := Create(mock)
+			manager, err := Create(mock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
 			time.Sleep(time.Second)

client/firewall/iptables/router_linux.go

@@ -30,17 +30,20 @@ const (
 
 	chainPOSTROUTING        = "POSTROUTING"
 	chainPREROUTING         = "PREROUTING"
+	chainFORWARD            = "FORWARD"
 	chainRTNAT              = "NETBIRD-RT-NAT"
 	chainRTFWDIN            = "NETBIRD-RT-FWD-IN"
 	chainRTFWDOUT           = "NETBIRD-RT-FWD-OUT"
 	chainRTPRE              = "NETBIRD-RT-PRE"
 	chainRTRDR              = "NETBIRD-RT-RDR"
+	chainRTMSSCLAMP         = "NETBIRD-RT-MSSCLAMP"
 	routingFinalForwardJump = "ACCEPT"
 	routingFinalNatJump     = "MASQUERADE"
 
 	jumpManglePre  = "jump-mangle-pre"
 	jumpNatPre     = "jump-nat-pre"
 	jumpNatPost    = "jump-nat-post"
+	jumpMSSClamp   = "jump-mss-clamp"
 	markManglePre  = "mark-mangle-pre"
 	markManglePost = "mark-mangle-post"
 	matchSet       = "--match-set"
@@ -48,6 +51,9 @@ const (
 	dnatSuffix = "_dnat"
 	snatSuffix = "_snat"
 	fwdSuffix  = "_fwd"
+
+	// ipTCPHeaderMinSize represents minimum IP (20) + TCP (20) header size for MSS calculation
+	ipTCPHeaderMinSize = 40
 )
 
 type ruleInfo struct {
@@ -77,16 +83,18 @@ type router struct {
 	ipsetCounter     *ipsetCounter
 	wgIface          iFaceMapper
 	legacyManagement bool
+	mtu              uint16
 
 	stateManager *statemanager.Manager
 	ipFwdState   *ipfwdstate.IPForwardingState
 }
 
-func newRouter(iptablesClient *iptables.IPTables, wgIface iFaceMapper) (*router, error) {
+func newRouter(iptablesClient *iptables.IPTables, wgIface iFaceMapper, mtu uint16) (*router, error) {
 	r := &router{
 		iptablesClient: iptablesClient,
 		rules:          make(map[string][]string),
 		wgIface:        wgIface,
+		mtu:            mtu,
 		ipFwdState:     ipfwdstate.NewIPForwardingState(),
 	}
 
@@ -392,6 +400,7 @@ func (r *router) cleanUpDefaultForwardRules() error {
 		{chainRTPRE, tableMangle},
 		{chainRTNAT, tableNat},
 		{chainRTRDR, tableNat},
+		{chainRTMSSCLAMP, tableMangle},
 	} {
 		ok, err := r.iptablesClient.ChainExists(chainInfo.table, chainInfo.chain)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -416,6 +425,7 @@ func (r *router) createContainers() error {
 		{chainRTPRE, tableMangle},
 		{chainRTNAT, tableNat},
 		{chainRTRDR, tableNat},
+		{chainRTMSSCLAMP, tableMangle},
 	} {
 		if err := r.iptablesClient.NewChain(chainInfo.table, chainInfo.chain); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("create chain %s in table %s: %w", chainInfo.chain, chainInfo.table, err)
@@ -438,6 +448,10 @@ func (r *router) createContainers() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add jump rules: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if err := r.addMSSClampingRules(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to add MSS clamping rules: %s", err)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -518,6 +532,35 @@ func (r *router) addPostroutingRules() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// addMSSClampingRules adds MSS clamping rules to prevent fragmentation for forwarded traffic.
+// TODO: Add IPv6 support
+func (r *router) addMSSClampingRules() error {
+	mss := r.mtu - ipTCPHeaderMinSize
+
+	// Add jump rule from FORWARD chain in mangle table to our custom chain
+	jumpRule := []string{
+		"-j", chainRTMSSCLAMP,
+	}
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableMangle, chainFORWARD, 1, jumpRule...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add jump to MSS clamp chain: %w", err)
+	}
+	r.rules[jumpMSSClamp] = jumpRule
+
+	ruleOut := []string{
+		"-o", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-p", "tcp",
+		"--tcp-flags", "SYN,RST", "SYN",
+		"-j", "TCPMSS",
+		"--set-mss", fmt.Sprintf("%d", mss),
+	}
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableMangle, chainRTMSSCLAMP, ruleOut...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add outbound MSS clamp rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	r.rules["mss-clamp-out"] = ruleOut
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (r *router) insertEstablishedRule(chain string) error {
 	establishedRule := getConntrackEstablished()
 
@@ -558,7 +601,7 @@ func (r *router) addJumpRules() error {
 }
 
 func (r *router) cleanJumpRules() error {
-	for _, ruleKey := range []string{jumpNatPost, jumpManglePre, jumpNatPre} {
+	for _, ruleKey := range []string{jumpNatPost, jumpManglePre, jumpNatPre, jumpMSSClamp} {
 		if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
 			var table, chain string
 			switch ruleKey {
@@ -571,6 +614,9 @@ func (r *router) cleanJumpRules() error {
 			case jumpNatPre:
 				table = tableNat
 				chain = chainPREROUTING
+			case jumpMSSClamp:
+				table = tableMangle
+				chain = chainFORWARD
 			default:
 				return fmt.Errorf("unknown jump rule: %s", ruleKey)
 			}
@@ -880,6 +926,54 @@ func (r *router) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
+// AddInboundDNAT adds an inbound DNAT rule redirecting traffic from NetBird peers to local services.
+func (r *router) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+	ruleID := fmt.Sprintf("inbound-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+
+	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	dnatRule := []string{
+		"-i", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-p", strings.ToLower(string(protocol)),
+		"--dport", strconv.Itoa(int(sourcePort)),
+		"-d", localAddr.String(),
+		"-m", "addrtype", "--dst-type", "LOCAL",
+		"-j", "DNAT",
+		"--to-destination", ":" + strconv.Itoa(int(targetPort)),
+	}
+
+	ruleInfo := ruleInfo{
+		table: tableNat,
+		chain: chainRTRDR,
+		rule:  dnatRule,
+	}
+
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(ruleInfo.table, ruleInfo.chain, ruleInfo.rule...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add inbound DNAT rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	r.rules[ruleID] = ruleInfo.rule
+
+	r.updateState()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveInboundDNAT removes an inbound DNAT rule.
+func (r *router) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+	ruleID := fmt.Sprintf("inbound-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+
+	if dnatRule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableNat, chainRTRDR, dnatRule...); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("delete inbound DNAT rule: %w", err)
+		}
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+	}
+
+	r.updateState()
+	return nil
+}
+
 func applyPort(flag string, port *firewall.Port) []string {
 	if port == nil {
 		return nil

client/firewall/iptables/router_linux_test.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/test"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 )
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RestoreOrCreateContainers(t *testing.T) {
 	iptablesClient, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to init iptables client")
 
-	manager, err := newRouter(iptablesClient, ifaceMock)
+	manager, err := newRouter(iptablesClient, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "should return a valid iptables manager")
 	require.NoError(t, manager.init(nil))
 
@@ -38,7 +39,6 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RestoreOrCreateContainers(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.NoError(t, manager.Reset(), "shouldn't return error")
 	}()
 
-	// Now 5 rules:
 	// 1. established rule forward in
 	// 2. estbalished rule forward out
 	// 3. jump rule to POST nat chain
@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RestoreOrCreateContainers(t *testing.T) {
 	// 7. static return masquerade rule
 	// 8. mangle prerouting mark rule
 	// 9. mangle postrouting mark rule
-	require.Len(t, manager.rules, 9, "should have created rules map")
+	// 10. jump rule to MSS clamping chain
+	// 11. MSS clamping rule for outbound traffic
+	require.Len(t, manager.rules, 11, "should have created rules map")
 
 	exists, err := manager.iptablesClient.Exists(tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING, "-j", chainRTNAT)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING)
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 			iptablesClient, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "failed to init iptables client")
 
-			manager, err := newRouter(iptablesClient, ifaceMock)
+			manager, err := newRouter(iptablesClient, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 			require.NoError(t, manager.init(nil))
 
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(testCase.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			iptablesClient, _ := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
 
-			manager, err := newRouter(iptablesClient, ifaceMock)
+			manager, err := newRouter(iptablesClient, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 			require.NoError(t, manager.init(nil))
 			defer func() {
@@ -217,7 +219,7 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 	iptablesClient, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create iptables client")
 
-	r, err := newRouter(iptablesClient, ifaceMock)
+	r, err := newRouter(iptablesClient, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create router manager")
 	require.NoError(t, r.init(nil))
 

client/firewall/iptables/state_linux.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 )
 
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ type InterfaceState struct {
 	NameStr       string         `json:"name"`
 	WGAddress     wgaddr.Address `json:"wg_address"`
 	UserspaceBind bool           `json:"userspace_bind"`
+	MTU           uint16         `json:"mtu"`
 }
 
 func (i *InterfaceState) Name() string {
@@ -42,7 +44,11 @@ func (s *ShutdownState) Name() string {
 }
 
 func (s *ShutdownState) Cleanup() error {
-	ipt, err := Create(s.InterfaceState)
+	mtu := s.InterfaceState.MTU
+	if mtu == 0 {
+		mtu = iface.DefaultMTU
+	}
+	ipt, err := Create(s.InterfaceState, mtu)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create iptables manager: %w", err)
 	}

client/firewall/manager/firewall.go

@@ -100,6 +100,9 @@ type Manager interface {
 	//
 	// If comment argument is empty firewall manager should set
 	// rule ID as comment for the rule
+	//
+	// Note: Callers should call Flush() after adding rules to ensure
+	// they are applied to the kernel and rule handles are refreshed.
 	AddPeerFiltering(
 		id []byte,
 		ip net.IP,
@@ -151,14 +154,20 @@ type Manager interface {
 
 	DisableRouting() error
 
-	// AddDNATRule adds a DNAT rule
+	// AddDNATRule adds outbound DNAT rule for forwarding external traffic to the NetBird network.
 	AddDNATRule(ForwardRule) (Rule, error)
 
-	// DeleteDNATRule deletes a DNAT rule
+	// DeleteDNATRule deletes the outbound DNAT rule.
 	DeleteDNATRule(Rule) error
 
 	// UpdateSet updates the set with the given prefixes
 	UpdateSet(hash Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error
+
+	// AddInboundDNAT adds an inbound DNAT rule redirecting traffic from NetBird peers to local services
+	AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error
+
+	// RemoveInboundDNAT removes inbound DNAT rule
+	RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error
 }
 
 func GenKey(format string, pair RouterPair) string {

client/firewall/nftables/acl_linux.go

@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@ const (
 	chainNameForwardFilter     = "netbird-acl-forward-filter"
 	chainNameManglePrerouting  = "netbird-mangle-prerouting"
 	chainNameManglePostrouting = "netbird-mangle-postrouting"
-
-	allowNetbirdInputRuleID = "allow Netbird incoming traffic"
 )
 
 const flushError = "flush: %w"
@@ -195,25 +193,6 @@ func (m *AclManager) DeletePeerRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 // createDefaultAllowRules creates default allow rules for the input and output chains
 func (m *AclManager) createDefaultAllowRules() error {
 	expIn := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Payload{
-			DestRegister: 1,
-			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
-			Offset:       12,
-			Len:          4,
-		},
-		// mask
-		&expr.Bitwise{
-			SourceRegister: 1,
-			DestRegister:   1,
-			Len:            4,
-			Mask:           []byte{0, 0, 0, 0},
-			Xor:            []byte{0, 0, 0, 0},
-		},
-		// net address
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     []byte{0, 0, 0, 0},
-		},
 		&expr.Verdict{
 			Kind: expr.VerdictAccept,
 		},
@@ -258,7 +237,7 @@ func (m *AclManager) addIOFiltering(
 	action firewall.Action,
 	ipset *nftables.Set,
 ) (*Rule, error) {
-	ruleId := generatePeerRuleId(ip, sPort, dPort, action, ipset)
+	ruleId := generatePeerRuleId(ip, proto, sPort, dPort, action, ipset)
 	if r, ok := m.rules[ruleId]; ok {
 		return &Rule{
 			nftRule:    r.nftRule,
@@ -357,11 +336,12 @@ func (m *AclManager) addIOFiltering(
 	}
 
 	if err := m.rConn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush input rule %s: %v", ruleId, err)
 	}
 
 	ruleStruct := &Rule{
-		nftRule:    nftRule,
+		nftRule: nftRule,
+		// best effort mangle rule
 		mangleRule: m.createPreroutingRule(expressions, userData),
 		nftSet:     ipset,
 		ruleID:     ruleId,
@@ -420,12 +400,19 @@ func (m *AclManager) createPreroutingRule(expressions []expr.Any, userData []byt
 		},
 	)
 
-	return m.rConn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+	nfRule := m.rConn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
 		Table:    m.workTable,
 		Chain:    m.chainPrerouting,
 		Exprs:    preroutingExprs,
 		UserData: userData,
 	})
+
+	if err := m.rConn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to flush mangle rule %s: %v", string(userData), err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return nfRule
 }
 
 func (m *AclManager) createDefaultChains() (err error) {
@@ -697,8 +684,8 @@ func (m *AclManager) refreshRuleHandles(chain *nftables.Chain, mangle bool) erro
 	return nil
 }
 
-func generatePeerRuleId(ip net.IP, sPort *firewall.Port, dPort *firewall.Port, action firewall.Action, ipset *nftables.Set) string {
-	rulesetID := ":"
+func generatePeerRuleId(ip net.IP, proto firewall.Protocol, sPort *firewall.Port, dPort *firewall.Port, action firewall.Action, ipset *nftables.Set) string {
+	rulesetID := ":" + string(proto) + ":"
 	if sPort != nil {
 		rulesetID += sPort.String()
 	}

client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux.go

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package nftables
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"os"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/google/nftables"
@@ -19,13 +19,22 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	// tableNameNetbird is the name of the table that is used for filtering by the Netbird client
+	// tableNameNetbird is the default name of the table that is used for filtering by the Netbird client
 	tableNameNetbird = "netbird"
+	// envTableName is the environment variable to override the table name
+	envTableName = "NB_NFTABLES_TABLE"
 
 	tableNameFilter = "filter"
 	chainNameInput  = "INPUT"
 )
 
+func getTableName() string {
+	if name := os.Getenv(envTableName); name != "" {
+		return name
+	}
+	return tableNameNetbird
+}
+
 // iFaceMapper defines subset methods of interface required for manager
 type iFaceMapper interface {
 	Name() string
@@ -44,16 +53,16 @@ type Manager struct {
 }
 
 // Create nftables firewall manager
-func Create(wgIface iFaceMapper) (*Manager, error) {
+func Create(wgIface iFaceMapper, mtu uint16) (*Manager, error) {
 	m := &Manager{
 		rConn:   &nftables.Conn{},
 		wgIface: wgIface,
 	}
 
-	workTable := &nftables.Table{Name: tableNameNetbird, Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv4}
+	workTable := &nftables.Table{Name: getTableName(), Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv4}
 
 	var err error
-	m.router, err = newRouter(workTable, wgIface)
+	m.router, err = newRouter(workTable, wgIface, mtu)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create router: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -93,6 +102,7 @@ func (m *Manager) Init(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 			NameStr:       m.wgIface.Name(),
 			WGAddress:     m.wgIface.Address(),
 			UserspaceBind: m.wgIface.IsUserspaceBind(),
+			MTU:           m.router.mtu,
 		},
 	}); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to update state: %v", err)
@@ -197,44 +207,11 @@ func (m *Manager) AllowNetbird() error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	err := m.aclManager.createDefaultAllowRules()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create default allow rules: %v", err)
+	if err := m.aclManager.createDefaultAllowRules(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create default allow rules: %w", err)
 	}
-
-	chains, err := m.rConn.ListChainsOfTableFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("list of chains: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var chain *nftables.Chain
-	for _, c := range chains {
-		if c.Table.Name == tableNameFilter && c.Name == chainNameInput {
-			chain = c
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	if chain == nil {
-		log.Debugf("chain INPUT not found. Skipping add allow netbird rule")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	rules, err := m.rConn.GetRules(chain.Table, chain)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get rules for the INPUT chain: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if rule := m.detectAllowNetbirdRule(rules); rule != nil {
-		log.Debugf("allow netbird rule already exists: %v", rule)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	m.applyAllowNetbirdRules(chain)
-
-	err = m.rConn.Flush()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to flush allow input netbird rules: %v", err)
+	if err := m.rConn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("flush allow input netbird rules: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -250,10 +227,6 @@ func (m *Manager) Close(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if err := m.resetNetbirdInputRules(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("reset netbird input rules: %v", err)
-	}
-
 	if err := m.router.Reset(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("reset router: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -273,49 +246,15 @@ func (m *Manager) Close(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) resetNetbirdInputRules() error {
-	chains, err := m.rConn.ListChains()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("list chains: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	m.deleteNetbirdInputRules(chains)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) deleteNetbirdInputRules(chains []*nftables.Chain) {
-	for _, c := range chains {
-		if c.Table.Name == tableNameFilter && c.Name == chainNameInput {
-			rules, err := m.rConn.GetRules(c.Table, c)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("get rules for chain %q: %v", c.Name, err)
-				continue
-			}
-
-			m.deleteMatchingRules(rules)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) deleteMatchingRules(rules []*nftables.Rule) {
-	for _, r := range rules {
-		if bytes.Equal(r.UserData, []byte(allowNetbirdInputRuleID)) {
-			if err := m.rConn.DelRule(r); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("delete rule: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func (m *Manager) cleanupNetbirdTables() error {
 	tables, err := m.rConn.ListTables()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("list tables: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	tableName := getTableName()
 	for _, t := range tables {
-		if t.Name == tableNameNetbird {
+		if t.Name == tableName {
 			m.rConn.DelTable(t)
 		}
 	}
@@ -376,61 +315,40 @@ func (m *Manager) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
 	return m.router.UpdateSet(set, prefixes)
 }
 
+// AddInboundDNAT adds an inbound DNAT rule redirecting traffic from NetBird peers to local services.
+func (m *Manager) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	return m.router.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+}
+
+// RemoveInboundDNAT removes an inbound DNAT rule.
+func (m *Manager) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	return m.router.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) createWorkTable() (*nftables.Table, error) {
 	tables, err := m.rConn.ListTablesOfFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list of tables: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	tableName := getTableName()
 	for _, t := range tables {
-		if t.Name == tableNameNetbird {
+		if t.Name == tableName {
 			m.rConn.DelTable(t)
 		}
 	}
 
-	table := m.rConn.AddTable(&nftables.Table{Name: tableNameNetbird, Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv4})
+	table := m.rConn.AddTable(&nftables.Table{Name: getTableName(), Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv4})
 	err = m.rConn.Flush()
 	return table, err
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) applyAllowNetbirdRules(chain *nftables.Chain) {
-	rule := &nftables.Rule{
-		Table: chain.Table,
-		Chain: chain,
-		Exprs: []expr.Any{
-			&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
-			&expr.Cmp{
-				Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-				Register: 1,
-				Data:     ifname(m.wgIface.Name()),
-			},
-			&expr.Verdict{
-				Kind: expr.VerdictAccept,
-			},
-		},
-		UserData: []byte(allowNetbirdInputRuleID),
-	}
-	_ = m.rConn.InsertRule(rule)
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) detectAllowNetbirdRule(existedRules []*nftables.Rule) *nftables.Rule {
-	ifName := ifname(m.wgIface.Name())
-	for _, rule := range existedRules {
-		if rule.Table.Name == tableNameFilter && rule.Chain.Name == chainNameInput {
-			if len(rule.Exprs) < 4 {
-				if e, ok := rule.Exprs[0].(*expr.Meta); !ok || e.Key != expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME {
-					continue
-				}
-				if e, ok := rule.Exprs[1].(*expr.Cmp); !ok || e.Op != expr.CmpOpEq || !bytes.Equal(e.Data, ifName) {
-					continue
-				}
-				return rule
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func insertReturnTrafficRule(conn *nftables.Conn, table *nftables.Table, chain *nftables.Chain) {
 	rule := &nftables.Rule{
 		Table: table,

client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux_test.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 
 	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 )
 
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ func (i *iFaceMock) IsUserspaceBind() bool { return false }
 func TestNftablesManager(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// just check on the local interface
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock)
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
 	time.Sleep(time.Second * 3)
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ func TestNftablesManager(t *testing.T) {
 func TestNftablesManagerRuleOrder(t *testing.T) {
 	// This test verifies rule insertion order in nftables peer ACLs
 	// We add accept rule first, then deny rule to test ordering behavior
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock)
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
 
@@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ func TestNFtablesCreatePerformance(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, testMax := range []int{10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000} {
 		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("Testing %d rules", testMax), func(t *testing.T) {
 			// just check on the local interface
-			manager, err := Create(mock)
+			manager, err := Create(mock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
 			time.Sleep(time.Second * 3)
@@ -345,7 +346,7 @@ func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptables(t *testing.T) {
 	stdout, stderr := runIptablesSave(t)
 	verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock)
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to create manager")
 	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
 

client/firewall/nftables/router_linux.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/nftables/xt"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
@@ -32,12 +33,17 @@ const (
 	chainNameRoutingNat    = "netbird-rt-postrouting"
 	chainNameRoutingRdr    = "netbird-rt-redirect"
 	chainNameForward       = "FORWARD"
+	chainNameMangleForward = "netbird-mangle-forward"
 
 	userDataAcceptForwardRuleIif = "frwacceptiif"
 	userDataAcceptForwardRuleOif = "frwacceptoif"
+	userDataAcceptInputRule      = "inputaccept"
 
 	dnatSuffix = "_dnat"
 	snatSuffix = "_snat"
+
+	// ipTCPHeaderMinSize represents minimum IP (20) + TCP (20) header size for MSS calculation
+	ipTCPHeaderMinSize = 40
 )
 
 const refreshRulesMapError = "refresh rules map: %w"
@@ -63,9 +69,10 @@ type router struct {
 	wgIface          iFaceMapper
 	ipFwdState       *ipfwdstate.IPForwardingState
 	legacyManagement bool
+	mtu              uint16
 }
 
-func newRouter(workTable *nftables.Table, wgIface iFaceMapper) (*router, error) {
+func newRouter(workTable *nftables.Table, wgIface iFaceMapper, mtu uint16) (*router, error) {
 	r := &router{
 		conn:       &nftables.Conn{},
 		workTable:  workTable,
@@ -73,6 +80,7 @@ func newRouter(workTable *nftables.Table, wgIface iFaceMapper) (*router, error)
 		rules:      make(map[string]*nftables.Rule),
 		wgIface:    wgIface,
 		ipFwdState: ipfwdstate.NewIPForwardingState(),
+		mtu:        mtu,
 	}
 
 	r.ipsetCounter = refcounter.New(
@@ -96,8 +104,8 @@ func newRouter(workTable *nftables.Table, wgIface iFaceMapper) (*router, error)
 func (r *router) init(workTable *nftables.Table) error {
 	r.workTable = workTable
 
-	if err := r.removeAcceptForwardRules(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to clean up rules from FORWARD chain: %s", err)
+	if err := r.removeAcceptFilterRules(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to clean up rules from filter table: %s", err)
 	}
 
 	if err := r.createContainers(); err != nil {
@@ -111,15 +119,15 @@ func (r *router) init(workTable *nftables.Table) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Reset cleans existing nftables default forward rules from the system
+// Reset cleans existing nftables filter table rules from the system
 func (r *router) Reset() error {
 	// clear without deleting the ipsets, the nf table will be deleted by the caller
 	r.ipsetCounter.Clear()
 
 	var merr *multierror.Error
 
-	if err := r.removeAcceptForwardRules(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove accept forward rules: %w", err))
+	if err := r.removeAcceptFilterRules(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove accept filter rules: %w", err))
 	}
 
 	if err := r.removeNatPreroutingRules(); err != nil {
@@ -220,11 +228,23 @@ func (r *router) createContainers() error {
 		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
 	})
 
+	r.chains[chainNameMangleForward] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     chainNameMangleForward,
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookForward,
+		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityMangle,
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
+	})
+
 	// Add the single NAT rule that matches on mark
 	if err := r.addPostroutingRules(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add single nat rule: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	if err := r.addMSSClampingRules(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to add MSS clamping rules: %s", err)
+	}
+
 	if err := r.acceptForwardRules(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to add accept rules for the forward chain: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -745,6 +765,83 @@ func (r *router) addPostroutingRules() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// addMSSClampingRules adds MSS clamping rules to prevent fragmentation for forwarded traffic.
+// TODO: Add IPv6 support
+func (r *router) addMSSClampingRules() error {
+	mss := r.mtu - ipTCPHeaderMinSize
+
+	exprsOut := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     []byte{unix.IPPROTO_TCP},
+		},
+		&expr.Payload{
+			DestRegister: 1,
+			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
+			Offset:       13,
+			Len:          1,
+		},
+		&expr.Bitwise{
+			DestRegister:   1,
+			SourceRegister: 1,
+			Len:            1,
+			Mask:           []byte{0x02},
+			Xor:            []byte{0x00},
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     []byte{0x00},
+		},
+		&expr.Counter{},
+		&expr.Exthdr{
+			DestRegister: 1,
+			Type:         2,
+			Offset:       2,
+			Len:          2,
+			Op:           expr.ExthdrOpTcpopt,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpGt,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(uint16(mss)),
+		},
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(uint16(mss)),
+		},
+		&expr.Exthdr{
+			SourceRegister: 1,
+			Type:           2,
+			Offset:         2,
+			Len:            2,
+			Op:             expr.ExthdrOpTcpopt,
+		},
+	}
+
+	r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: r.chains[chainNameMangleForward],
+		Exprs: exprsOut,
+	})
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // addLegacyRouteRule adds a legacy routing rule for mgmt servers pre route acls
 func (r *router) addLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Source, nil, true)
@@ -840,6 +937,7 @@ func (r *router) RemoveAllLegacyRouteRules() error {
 // that our traffic is not dropped by existing rules there.
 // The existing FORWARD rules/policies decide outbound traffic towards our interface.
 // In case the FORWARD policy is set to "drop", we add an established/related rule to allow return traffic for the inbound rule.
+// This method also adds INPUT chain rules to allow traffic to the local interface.
 func (r *router) acceptForwardRules() error {
 	if r.filterTable == nil {
 		log.Debugf("table 'filter' not found for forward rules, skipping accept rules")
@@ -849,7 +947,7 @@ func (r *router) acceptForwardRules() error {
 	fw := "iptables"
 
 	defer func() {
-		log.Debugf("Used %s to add accept forward rules", fw)
+		log.Debugf("Used %s to add accept forward and input rules", fw)
 	}()
 
 	// Try iptables first and fallback to nftables if iptables is not available
@@ -859,22 +957,30 @@ func (r *router) acceptForwardRules() error {
 		log.Warnf("Will use nftables to manipulate the filter table because iptables is not available: %v", err)
 
 		fw = "nftables"
-		return r.acceptForwardRulesNftables()
+		return r.acceptFilterRulesNftables()
 	}
 
-	return r.acceptForwardRulesIptables(ipt)
+	return r.acceptFilterRulesIptables(ipt)
 }
 
-func (r *router) acceptForwardRulesIptables(ipt *iptables.IPTables) error {
+func (r *router) acceptFilterRulesIptables(ipt *iptables.IPTables) error {
 	var merr *multierror.Error
+
 	for _, rule := range r.getAcceptForwardRules() {
 		if err := ipt.Insert("filter", chainNameForward, 1, rule...); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(err, fmt.Errorf("add iptables rule: %v", err))
+			merr = multierror.Append(err, fmt.Errorf("add iptables forward rule: %v", err))
 		} else {
-			log.Debugf("added iptables rule: %v", rule)
+			log.Debugf("added iptables forward rule: %v", rule)
 		}
 	}
 
+	inputRule := r.getAcceptInputRule()
+	if err := ipt.Insert("filter", chainNameInput, 1, inputRule...); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(err, fmt.Errorf("add iptables input rule: %v", err))
+	} else {
+		log.Debugf("added iptables input rule: %v", inputRule)
+	}
+
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
@@ -886,10 +992,13 @@ func (r *router) getAcceptForwardRules() [][]string {
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *router) acceptForwardRulesNftables() error {
+func (r *router) getAcceptInputRule() []string {
+	return []string{"-i", r.wgIface.Name(), "-j", "ACCEPT"}
+}
+
+func (r *router) acceptFilterRulesNftables() error {
 	intf := ifname(r.wgIface.Name())
 
-	// Rule for incoming interface (iif) with counter
 	iifRule := &nftables.Rule{
 		Table: r.filterTable,
 		Chain: &nftables.Chain{
@@ -922,11 +1031,10 @@ func (r *router) acceptForwardRulesNftables() error {
 		},
 	}
 
-	// Rule for outgoing interface (oif) with counter
 	oifRule := &nftables.Rule{
 		Table: r.filterTable,
 		Chain: &nftables.Chain{
-			Name:     "FORWARD",
+			Name:     chainNameForward,
 			Table:    r.filterTable,
 			Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
 			Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookForward,
@@ -935,35 +1043,60 @@ func (r *router) acceptForwardRulesNftables() error {
 		Exprs:    append(oifExprs, getEstablishedExprs(2)...),
 		UserData: []byte(userDataAcceptForwardRuleOif),
 	}
-
 	r.conn.InsertRule(oifRule)
 
+	inputRule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.filterTable,
+		Chain: &nftables.Chain{
+			Name:     chainNameInput,
+			Table:    r.filterTable,
+			Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
+			Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookInput,
+			Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityFilter,
+		},
+		Exprs: []expr.Any{
+			&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
+			&expr.Cmp{
+				Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+				Register: 1,
+				Data:     intf,
+			},
+			&expr.Counter{},
+			&expr.Verdict{Kind: expr.VerdictAccept},
+		},
+		UserData: []byte(userDataAcceptInputRule),
+	}
+	r.conn.InsertRule(inputRule)
+
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *router) removeAcceptForwardRules() error {
+func (r *router) removeAcceptFilterRules() error {
 	if r.filterTable == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Try iptables first and fallback to nftables if iptables is not available
 	ipt, err := iptables.New()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("Will use nftables to manipulate the filter table because iptables is not available: %v", err)
-		return r.removeAcceptForwardRulesNftables()
+		return r.removeAcceptFilterRulesNftables()
 	}
 
-	return r.removeAcceptForwardRulesIptables(ipt)
+	return r.removeAcceptFilterRulesIptables(ipt)
 }
 
-func (r *router) removeAcceptForwardRulesNftables() error {
+func (r *router) removeAcceptFilterRulesNftables() error {
 	chains, err := r.conn.ListChainsOfTableFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("list chains: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	for _, chain := range chains {
-		if chain.Table.Name != r.filterTable.Name || chain.Name != chainNameForward {
+		if chain.Table.Name != r.filterTable.Name {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if chain.Name != chainNameForward && chain.Name != chainNameInput {
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -974,7 +1107,8 @@ func (r *router) removeAcceptForwardRulesNftables() error {
 
 		for _, rule := range rules {
 			if bytes.Equal(rule.UserData, []byte(userDataAcceptForwardRuleIif)) ||
-				bytes.Equal(rule.UserData, []byte(userDataAcceptForwardRuleOif)) {
+				bytes.Equal(rule.UserData, []byte(userDataAcceptForwardRuleOif)) ||
+				bytes.Equal(rule.UserData, []byte(userDataAcceptInputRule)) {
 				if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
 					return fmt.Errorf("delete rule: %v", err)
 				}
@@ -989,14 +1123,20 @@ func (r *router) removeAcceptForwardRulesNftables() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *router) removeAcceptForwardRulesIptables(ipt *iptables.IPTables) error {
+func (r *router) removeAcceptFilterRulesIptables(ipt *iptables.IPTables) error {
 	var merr *multierror.Error
+
 	for _, rule := range r.getAcceptForwardRules() {
 		if err := ipt.DeleteIfExists("filter", chainNameForward, rule...); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(err, fmt.Errorf("remove iptables rule: %v", err))
+			merr = multierror.Append(err, fmt.Errorf("remove iptables forward rule: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
 
+	inputRule := r.getAcceptInputRule()
+	if err := ipt.DeleteIfExists("filter", chainNameInput, inputRule...); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(err, fmt.Errorf("remove iptables input rule: %v", err))
+	}
+
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
@@ -1350,6 +1490,103 @@ func (r *router) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// AddInboundDNAT adds an inbound DNAT rule redirecting traffic from NetBird peers to local services.
+func (r *router) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+	ruleID := fmt.Sprintf("inbound-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+
+	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	protoNum, err := protoToInt(protocol)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("convert protocol to number: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	exprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 2},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 2,
+			Data:     []byte{protoNum},
+		},
+		&expr.Payload{
+			DestRegister: 3,
+			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
+			Offset:       2,
+			Len:          2,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 3,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(sourcePort),
+		},
+	}
+
+	exprs = append(exprs, applyPrefix(netip.PrefixFrom(localAddr, 32), false)...)
+
+	exprs = append(exprs,
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     localAddr.AsSlice(),
+		},
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 2,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(targetPort),
+		},
+		&expr.NAT{
+			Type:        expr.NATTypeDestNAT,
+			Family:      uint32(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4),
+			RegAddrMin:  1,
+			RegProtoMin: 2,
+			RegProtoMax: 0,
+		},
+	)
+
+	dnatRule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingRdr],
+		Exprs:    exprs,
+		UserData: []byte(ruleID),
+	}
+	r.conn.AddRule(dnatRule)
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add inbound DNAT rule: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	r.rules[ruleID] = dnatRule
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveInboundDNAT removes an inbound DNAT rule.
+func (r *router) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
+	}
+
+	ruleID := fmt.Sprintf("inbound-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+
+	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("delete inbound DNAT rule %s: %w", ruleID, err)
+		}
+		if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("flush delete inbound DNAT rule: %w", err)
+		}
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // applyNetwork generates nftables expressions for networks (CIDR) or sets
 func (r *router) applyNetwork(
 	network firewall.Network,

client/firewall/nftables/router_linux_test.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/test"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ func TestNftablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, testCase := range test.InsertRuleTestCases {
 		t.Run(testCase.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			// need fw manager to init both acl mgr and router for all chains to be present
-			manager, err := Create(ifaceMock)
+			manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ func TestNftablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, testCase := range test.RemoveRuleTestCases {
 		t.Run(testCase.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			manager, err := Create(ifaceMock)
+			manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	defer deleteWorkTable()
 
-	r, err := newRouter(workTable, ifaceMock)
+	r, err := newRouter(workTable, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create router")
 	require.NoError(t, r.init(workTable))
 
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@ func TestNftablesCreateIpSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 	defer deleteWorkTable()
 
-	r, err := newRouter(workTable, ifaceMock)
+	r, err := newRouter(workTable, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create router")
 	require.NoError(t, r.init(workTable))
 

client/firewall/nftables/state_linux.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package nftables
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 )
 
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ type InterfaceState struct {
 	NameStr       string         `json:"name"`
 	WGAddress     wgaddr.Address `json:"wg_address"`
 	UserspaceBind bool           `json:"userspace_bind"`
+	MTU           uint16         `json:"mtu"`
 }
 
 func (i *InterfaceState) Name() string {
@@ -33,7 +35,11 @@ func (s *ShutdownState) Name() string {
 }
 
 func (s *ShutdownState) Cleanup() error {
-	nft, err := Create(s.InterfaceState)
+	mtu := s.InterfaceState.MTU
+	if mtu == 0 {
+		mtu = iface.DefaultMTU
+	}
+	nft, err := Create(s.InterfaceState, mtu)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create nftables manager: %w", err)
 	}

client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/common.go

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ type BaseConnTrack struct {
 	PacketsRx atomic.Uint64
 	BytesTx   atomic.Uint64
 	BytesRx   atomic.Uint64
+
+	DNATOrigPort atomic.Uint32
 }
 
 // these small methods will be inlined by the compiler

client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp.go

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func NewTCPTracker(timeout time.Duration, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftyp
 	return tracker
 }
 
-func (t *TCPTracker) updateIfExists(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, direction nftypes.Direction, size int) (ConnKey, bool) {
+func (t *TCPTracker) updateIfExists(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, direction nftypes.Direction, size int) (ConnKey, uint16, bool) {
 	key := ConnKey{
 		SrcIP:   srcIP,
 		DstIP:   dstIP,
@@ -171,28 +171,30 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) updateIfExists(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort ui
 
 	if exists {
 		t.updateState(key, conn, flags, direction, size)
-		return key, true
+		return key, uint16(conn.DNATOrigPort.Load()), true
 	}
 
-	return key, false
+	return key, 0, false
 }
 
-// TrackOutbound records an outbound TCP connection
-func (t *TCPTracker) TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, size int) {
-	if _, exists := t.updateIfExists(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, flags, nftypes.Egress, size); !exists {
-		// if (inverted direction) conn is not tracked, track this direction
-		t.track(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, flags, nftypes.Egress, nil, size)
+// TrackOutbound records an outbound TCP connection and returns the original port if DNAT reversal is needed
+func (t *TCPTracker) TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, size int) uint16 {
+	if _, origPort, exists := t.updateIfExists(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, flags, nftypes.Egress, size); exists {
+		return origPort
 	}
+	// if (inverted direction) conn is not tracked, track this direction
+	t.track(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, flags, nftypes.Egress, nil, size, 0)
+	return 0
 }
 
 // TrackInbound processes an inbound TCP packet and updates connection state
-func (t *TCPTracker) TrackInbound(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, ruleID []byte, size int) {
-	t.track(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, flags, nftypes.Ingress, ruleID, size)
+func (t *TCPTracker) TrackInbound(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, ruleID []byte, size int, dnatOrigPort uint16) {
+	t.track(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, flags, nftypes.Ingress, ruleID, size, dnatOrigPort)
 }
 
 // track is the common implementation for tracking both inbound and outbound connections
-func (t *TCPTracker) track(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, direction nftypes.Direction, ruleID []byte, size int) {
-	key, exists := t.updateIfExists(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, flags, direction, size)
+func (t *TCPTracker) track(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, direction nftypes.Direction, ruleID []byte, size int, origPort uint16) {
+	key, _, exists := t.updateIfExists(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, flags, direction, size)
 	if exists || flags&TCPSyn == 0 {
 		return
 	}
@@ -210,8 +212,13 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) track(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, fla
 
 	conn.tombstone.Store(false)
 	conn.state.Store(int32(TCPStateNew))
+	conn.DNATOrigPort.Store(uint32(origPort))
 
-	t.logger.Trace2("New %s TCP connection: %s", direction, key)
+	if origPort != 0 {
+		t.logger.Trace4("New %s TCP connection: %s (port DNAT %d -> %d)", direction, key, origPort, dstPort)
+	} else {
+		t.logger.Trace2("New %s TCP connection: %s", direction, key)
+	}
 	t.updateState(key, conn, flags, direction, size)
 
 	t.mutex.Lock()
@@ -449,6 +456,21 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) cleanup() {
 	}
 }
 
+// GetConnection safely retrieves a connection state
+func (t *TCPTracker) GetConnection(srcIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstIP netip.Addr, dstPort uint16) (*TCPConnTrack, bool) {
+	t.mutex.RLock()
+	defer t.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	key := ConnKey{
+		SrcIP:   srcIP,
+		DstIP:   dstIP,
+		SrcPort: srcPort,
+		DstPort: dstPort,
+	}
+	conn, exists := t.connections[key]
+	return conn, exists
+}
+
 // Close stops the cleanup routine and releases resources
 func (t *TCPTracker) Close() {
 	t.tickerCancel()

client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp_test.go

@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ func TestTCPInboundInitiatedConnection(t *testing.T) {
 	serverPort := uint16(80)
 
 	// 1. Client sends SYN (we receive it as inbound)
-	tracker.TrackInbound(clientIP, serverIP, clientPort, serverPort, TCPSyn, nil, 100)
+	tracker.TrackInbound(clientIP, serverIP, clientPort, serverPort, TCPSyn, nil, 100, 0)
 
 	key := ConnKey{
 		SrcIP:   clientIP,
@@ -623,12 +623,12 @@ func TestTCPInboundInitiatedConnection(t *testing.T) {
 	tracker.TrackOutbound(serverIP, clientIP, serverPort, clientPort, TCPSyn|TCPAck, 100)
 
 	// 3. Client sends ACK to complete handshake
-	tracker.TrackInbound(clientIP, serverIP, clientPort, serverPort, TCPAck, nil, 100)
+	tracker.TrackInbound(clientIP, serverIP, clientPort, serverPort, TCPAck, nil, 100, 0)
 	require.Equal(t, TCPStateEstablished, conn.GetState(), "Connection should be ESTABLISHED after handshake completion")
 
 	// 4. Test data transfer
 	// Client sends data
-	tracker.TrackInbound(clientIP, serverIP, clientPort, serverPort, TCPPush|TCPAck, nil, 1000)
+	tracker.TrackInbound(clientIP, serverIP, clientPort, serverPort, TCPPush|TCPAck, nil, 1000, 0)
 
 	// Server sends ACK for data
 	tracker.TrackOutbound(serverIP, clientIP, serverPort, clientPort, TCPAck, 100)
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ func TestTCPInboundInitiatedConnection(t *testing.T) {
 	tracker.TrackOutbound(serverIP, clientIP, serverPort, clientPort, TCPPush|TCPAck, 1500)
 
 	// Client sends ACK for data
-	tracker.TrackInbound(clientIP, serverIP, clientPort, serverPort, TCPAck, nil, 100)
+	tracker.TrackInbound(clientIP, serverIP, clientPort, serverPort, TCPAck, nil, 100, 0)
 
 	// Verify state and counters
 	require.Equal(t, TCPStateEstablished, conn.GetState())

client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/udp.go

@@ -58,20 +58,23 @@ func NewUDPTracker(timeout time.Duration, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftyp
 	return tracker
 }
 
-// TrackOutbound records an outbound UDP connection
-func (t *UDPTracker) TrackOutbound(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstPort uint16, size int) {
-	if _, exists := t.updateIfExists(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, nftypes.Egress, size); !exists {
-		// if (inverted direction) conn is not tracked, track this direction
-		t.track(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, nftypes.Egress, nil, size)
+// TrackOutbound records an outbound UDP connection and returns the original port if DNAT reversal is needed
+func (t *UDPTracker) TrackOutbound(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstPort uint16, size int) uint16 {
+	_, origPort, exists := t.updateIfExists(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, nftypes.Egress, size)
+	if exists {
+		return origPort
 	}
+	// if (inverted direction) conn is not tracked, track this direction
+	t.track(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, nftypes.Egress, nil, size, 0)
+	return 0
 }
 
 // TrackInbound records an inbound UDP connection
-func (t *UDPTracker) TrackInbound(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstPort uint16, ruleID []byte, size int) {
-	t.track(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, nftypes.Ingress, ruleID, size)
+func (t *UDPTracker) TrackInbound(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstPort uint16, ruleID []byte, size int, dnatOrigPort uint16) {
+	t.track(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, nftypes.Ingress, ruleID, size, dnatOrigPort)
 }
 
-func (t *UDPTracker) updateIfExists(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstPort uint16, direction nftypes.Direction, size int) (ConnKey, bool) {
+func (t *UDPTracker) updateIfExists(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstPort uint16, direction nftypes.Direction, size int) (ConnKey, uint16, bool) {
 	key := ConnKey{
 		SrcIP:   srcIP,
 		DstIP:   dstIP,
@@ -86,15 +89,15 @@ func (t *UDPTracker) updateIfExists(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort
 	if exists {
 		conn.UpdateLastSeen()
 		conn.UpdateCounters(direction, size)
-		return key, true
+		return key, uint16(conn.DNATOrigPort.Load()), true
 	}
 
-	return key, false
+	return key, 0, false
 }
 
 // track is the common implementation for tracking both inbound and outbound connections
-func (t *UDPTracker) track(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstPort uint16, direction nftypes.Direction, ruleID []byte, size int) {
-	key, exists := t.updateIfExists(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, direction, size)
+func (t *UDPTracker) track(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, dstPort uint16, direction nftypes.Direction, ruleID []byte, size int, origPort uint16) {
+	key, _, exists := t.updateIfExists(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, direction, size)
 	if exists {
 		return
 	}
@@ -109,6 +112,7 @@ func (t *UDPTracker) track(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, d
 		SourcePort: srcPort,
 		DestPort:   dstPort,
 	}
+	conn.DNATOrigPort.Store(uint32(origPort))
 	conn.UpdateLastSeen()
 	conn.UpdateCounters(direction, size)
 
@@ -116,7 +120,11 @@ func (t *UDPTracker) track(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, d
 	t.connections[key] = conn
 	t.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	t.logger.Trace2("New %s UDP connection: %s", direction, key)
+	if origPort != 0 {
+		t.logger.Trace4("New %s UDP connection: %s (port DNAT %d -> %d)", direction, key, origPort, dstPort)
+	} else {
+		t.logger.Trace2("New %s UDP connection: %s", direction, key)
+	}
 	t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, conn, ruleID)
 }
 

client/firewall/uspfilter/filter.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package uspfilter
 
 import (
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
@@ -27,7 +28,18 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 )
 
-const layerTypeAll = 0
+const (
+	layerTypeAll = 0
+
+	// ipTCPHeaderMinSize represents minimum IP (20) + TCP (20) header size for MSS calculation
+	ipTCPHeaderMinSize = 40
+)
+
+// serviceKey represents a protocol/port combination for netstack service registry
+type serviceKey struct {
+	protocol gopacket.LayerType
+	port     uint16
+}
 
 const (
 	// EnvDisableConntrack disables the stateful filter, replies to outbound traffic won't be allowed.
@@ -36,6 +48,9 @@ const (
 	// EnvDisableUserspaceRouting disables userspace routing, to-be-routed packets will be dropped.
 	EnvDisableUserspaceRouting = "NB_DISABLE_USERSPACE_ROUTING"
 
+	// EnvDisableMSSClamping disables TCP MSS clamping for forwarded traffic.
+	EnvDisableMSSClamping = "NB_DISABLE_MSS_CLAMPING"
+
 	// EnvForceUserspaceRouter forces userspace routing even if native routing is available.
 	EnvForceUserspaceRouter = "NB_FORCE_USERSPACE_ROUTER"
 
@@ -109,6 +124,17 @@ type Manager struct {
 	dnatMappings map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr
 	dnatMutex    sync.RWMutex
 	dnatBiMap    *biDNATMap
+
+	portDNATEnabled atomic.Bool
+	portDNATRules   []portDNATRule
+	portDNATMutex   sync.RWMutex
+
+	netstackServices     map[serviceKey]struct{}
+	netstackServiceMutex sync.RWMutex
+
+	mtu             uint16
+	mssClampValue   uint16
+	mssClampEnabled bool
 }
 
 // decoder for packages
@@ -122,19 +148,21 @@ type decoder struct {
 	icmp6   layers.ICMPv6
 	decoded []gopacket.LayerType
 	parser  *gopacket.DecodingLayerParser
+
+	dnatOrigPort uint16
 }
 
 // Create userspace firewall manager constructor
-func Create(iface common.IFaceMapper, disableServerRoutes bool, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger) (*Manager, error) {
-	return create(iface, nil, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger)
+func Create(iface common.IFaceMapper, disableServerRoutes bool, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, mtu uint16) (*Manager, error) {
+	return create(iface, nil, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger, mtu)
 }
 
-func CreateWithNativeFirewall(iface common.IFaceMapper, nativeFirewall firewall.Manager, disableServerRoutes bool, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger) (*Manager, error) {
+func CreateWithNativeFirewall(iface common.IFaceMapper, nativeFirewall firewall.Manager, disableServerRoutes bool, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, mtu uint16) (*Manager, error) {
 	if nativeFirewall == nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("native firewall is nil")
 	}
 
-	mgr, err := create(iface, nativeFirewall, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger)
+	mgr, err := create(iface, nativeFirewall, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger, mtu)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -142,8 +170,8 @@ func CreateWithNativeFirewall(iface common.IFaceMapper, nativeFirewall firewall.
 	return mgr, nil
 }
 
-func parseCreateEnv() (bool, bool) {
-	var disableConntrack, enableLocalForwarding bool
+func parseCreateEnv() (bool, bool, bool) {
+	var disableConntrack, enableLocalForwarding, disableMSSClamping bool
 	var err error
 	if val := os.Getenv(EnvDisableConntrack); val != "" {
 		disableConntrack, err = strconv.ParseBool(val)
@@ -162,12 +190,18 @@ func parseCreateEnv() (bool, bool) {
 			log.Warnf("failed to parse %s: %v", EnvEnableLocalForwarding, err)
 		}
 	}
+	if val := os.Getenv(EnvDisableMSSClamping); val != "" {
+		disableMSSClamping, err = strconv.ParseBool(val)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to parse %s: %v", EnvDisableMSSClamping, err)
+		}
+	}
 
-	return disableConntrack, enableLocalForwarding
+	return disableConntrack, enableLocalForwarding, disableMSSClamping
 }
 
-func create(iface common.IFaceMapper, nativeFirewall firewall.Manager, disableServerRoutes bool, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger) (*Manager, error) {
-	disableConntrack, enableLocalForwarding := parseCreateEnv()
+func create(iface common.IFaceMapper, nativeFirewall firewall.Manager, disableServerRoutes bool, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, mtu uint16) (*Manager, error) {
+	disableConntrack, enableLocalForwarding, disableMSSClamping := parseCreateEnv()
 
 	m := &Manager{
 		decoders: sync.Pool{
@@ -196,13 +230,19 @@ func create(iface common.IFaceMapper, nativeFirewall firewall.Manager, disableSe
 		netstack:            netstack.IsEnabled(),
 		localForwarding:     enableLocalForwarding,
 		dnatMappings:        make(map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr),
+		portDNATRules:       []portDNATRule{},
+		netstackServices:    make(map[serviceKey]struct{}),
+		mtu:                 mtu,
 	}
 	m.routingEnabled.Store(false)
 
+	if !disableMSSClamping {
+		m.mssClampEnabled = true
+		m.mssClampValue = mtu - ipTCPHeaderMinSize
+	}
 	if err := m.localipmanager.UpdateLocalIPs(iface); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("update local IPs: %w", err)
 	}
-
 	if disableConntrack {
 		log.Info("conntrack is disabled")
 	} else {
@@ -210,14 +250,11 @@ func create(iface common.IFaceMapper, nativeFirewall firewall.Manager, disableSe
 		m.icmpTracker = conntrack.NewICMPTracker(conntrack.DefaultICMPTimeout, m.logger, flowLogger)
 		m.tcpTracker = conntrack.NewTCPTracker(conntrack.DefaultTCPTimeout, m.logger, flowLogger)
 	}
-
-	// netstack needs the forwarder for local traffic
 	if m.netstack && m.localForwarding {
 		if err := m.initForwarder(); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("failed to initialize forwarder: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
-
 	if err := iface.SetFilter(m); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set filter: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -320,7 +357,7 @@ func (m *Manager) initForwarder() error {
 		return errors.New("forwarding not supported")
 	}
 
-	forwarder, err := forwarder.New(m.wgIface, m.logger, m.flowLogger, m.netstack)
+	forwarder, err := forwarder.New(m.wgIface, m.logger, m.flowLogger, m.netstack, m.mtu)
 	if err != nil {
 		m.routingEnabled.Store(false)
 		return fmt.Errorf("create forwarder: %w", err)
@@ -626,11 +663,20 @@ func (m *Manager) filterOutbound(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	if d.decoded[1] == layers.LayerTypeUDP && m.udpHooksDrop(uint16(d.udp.DstPort), dstIP, packetData) {
-		return true
+	switch d.decoded[1] {
+	case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
+		if m.udpHooksDrop(uint16(d.udp.DstPort), dstIP, packetData) {
+			return true
+		}
+	case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
+		// Clamp MSS on all TCP SYN packets, including those from local IPs.
+		// SNATed routed traffic may appear as local IP but still requires clamping.
+		if m.mssClampEnabled {
+			m.clampTCPMSS(packetData, d)
+		}
 	}
 
-	m.trackOutbound(d, srcIP, dstIP, size)
+	m.trackOutbound(d, srcIP, dstIP, packetData, size)
 	m.translateOutboundDNAT(packetData, d)
 
 	return false
@@ -674,14 +720,117 @@ func getTCPFlags(tcp *layers.TCP) uint8 {
 	return flags
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) trackOutbound(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, size int) {
+// clampTCPMSS clamps the TCP MSS option in SYN and SYN-ACK packets to prevent fragmentation.
+// Both sides advertise their MSS during connection establishment, so we need to clamp both.
+func (m *Manager) clampTCPMSS(packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
+	if !d.tcp.SYN {
+		return false
+	}
+	if len(d.tcp.Options) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	mssOptionIndex := -1
+	var currentMSS uint16
+	for i, opt := range d.tcp.Options {
+		if opt.OptionType == layers.TCPOptionKindMSS && len(opt.OptionData) == 2 {
+			currentMSS = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(opt.OptionData)
+			if currentMSS > m.mssClampValue {
+				mssOptionIndex = i
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if mssOptionIndex == -1 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	ipHeaderSize := int(d.ip4.IHL) * 4
+	if ipHeaderSize < 20 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if !m.updateMSSOption(packetData, d, mssOptionIndex, ipHeaderSize) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	m.logger.Trace2("Clamped TCP MSS from %d to %d", currentMSS, m.mssClampValue)
+	return true
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) updateMSSOption(packetData []byte, d *decoder, mssOptionIndex, ipHeaderSize int) bool {
+	tcpHeaderStart := ipHeaderSize
+	tcpOptionsStart := tcpHeaderStart + 20
+
+	optOffset := tcpOptionsStart
+	for j := 0; j < mssOptionIndex; j++ {
+		switch d.tcp.Options[j].OptionType {
+		case layers.TCPOptionKindEndList, layers.TCPOptionKindNop:
+			optOffset++
+		default:
+			optOffset += 2 + len(d.tcp.Options[j].OptionData)
+		}
+	}
+
+	mssValueOffset := optOffset + 2
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[mssValueOffset:mssValueOffset+2], m.mssClampValue)
+
+	m.recalculateTCPChecksum(packetData, d, tcpHeaderStart)
+	return true
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) recalculateTCPChecksum(packetData []byte, d *decoder, tcpHeaderStart int) {
+	tcpLayer := packetData[tcpHeaderStart:]
+	tcpLength := len(packetData) - tcpHeaderStart
+
+	tcpLayer[16] = 0
+	tcpLayer[17] = 0
+
+	var pseudoSum uint32
+	pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.SrcIP[0])<<8 | uint32(d.ip4.SrcIP[1])
+	pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.SrcIP[2])<<8 | uint32(d.ip4.SrcIP[3])
+	pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.DstIP[0])<<8 | uint32(d.ip4.DstIP[1])
+	pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.DstIP[2])<<8 | uint32(d.ip4.DstIP[3])
+	pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.Protocol)
+	pseudoSum += uint32(tcpLength)
+
+	var sum uint32 = pseudoSum
+	for i := 0; i < tcpLength-1; i += 2 {
+		sum += uint32(tcpLayer[i])<<8 | uint32(tcpLayer[i+1])
+	}
+	if tcpLength%2 == 1 {
+		sum += uint32(tcpLayer[tcpLength-1]) << 8
+	}
+
+	for sum > 0xFFFF {
+		sum = (sum & 0xFFFF) + (sum >> 16)
+	}
+
+	checksum := ^uint16(sum)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(tcpLayer[16:18], checksum)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) trackOutbound(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packetData []byte, size int) {
 	transport := d.decoded[1]
 	switch transport {
 	case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
-		m.udpTracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(d.udp.SrcPort), uint16(d.udp.DstPort), size)
+		origPort := m.udpTracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(d.udp.SrcPort), uint16(d.udp.DstPort), size)
+		if origPort == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		if err := m.rewriteUDPPort(packetData, d, origPort, sourcePortOffset); err != nil {
+			m.logger.Error1("failed to rewrite UDP port: %v", err)
+		}
 	case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
 		flags := getTCPFlags(&d.tcp)
-		m.tcpTracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(d.tcp.SrcPort), uint16(d.tcp.DstPort), flags, size)
+		origPort := m.tcpTracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(d.tcp.SrcPort), uint16(d.tcp.DstPort), flags, size)
+		if origPort == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		if err := m.rewriteTCPPort(packetData, d, origPort, sourcePortOffset); err != nil {
+			m.logger.Error1("failed to rewrite TCP port: %v", err)
+		}
 	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4:
 		m.icmpTracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, d.icmp4.Id, d.icmp4.TypeCode, d.icmp4.Payload, size)
 	}
@@ -691,13 +840,15 @@ func (m *Manager) trackInbound(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, ruleID []byt
 	transport := d.decoded[1]
 	switch transport {
 	case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
-		m.udpTracker.TrackInbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(d.udp.SrcPort), uint16(d.udp.DstPort), ruleID, size)
+		m.udpTracker.TrackInbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(d.udp.SrcPort), uint16(d.udp.DstPort), ruleID, size, d.dnatOrigPort)
 	case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
 		flags := getTCPFlags(&d.tcp)
-		m.tcpTracker.TrackInbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(d.tcp.SrcPort), uint16(d.tcp.DstPort), flags, ruleID, size)
+		m.tcpTracker.TrackInbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(d.tcp.SrcPort), uint16(d.tcp.DstPort), flags, ruleID, size, d.dnatOrigPort)
 	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4:
 		m.icmpTracker.TrackInbound(srcIP, dstIP, d.icmp4.Id, d.icmp4.TypeCode, ruleID, d.icmp4.Payload, size)
 	}
+
+	d.dnatOrigPort = 0
 }
 
 // udpHooksDrop checks if any UDP hooks should drop the packet
@@ -759,10 +910,20 @@ func (m *Manager) filterInbound(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
+	// TODO: optimize port DNAT by caching matched rules in conntrack
+	if translated := m.translateInboundPortDNAT(packetData, d, srcIP, dstIP); translated {
+		// Re-decode after port DNAT translation to update port information
+		if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
+			m.logger.Error1("failed to re-decode packet after port DNAT: %v", err)
+			return true
+		}
+		srcIP, dstIP = m.extractIPs(d)
+	}
+
 	if translated := m.translateInboundReverse(packetData, d); translated {
 		// Re-decode after translation to get original addresses
 		if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
-			m.logger.Error1("Failed to re-decode packet after reverse DNAT: %v", err)
+			m.logger.Error1("failed to re-decode packet after reverse DNAT: %v", err)
 			return true
 		}
 		srcIP, dstIP = m.extractIPs(d)
@@ -807,9 +968,7 @@ func (m *Manager) handleLocalTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packet
 		return true
 	}
 
-	// If requested we pass local traffic to internal interfaces to the forwarder.
-	// netstack doesn't have an interface to forward packets to the native stack so we always need to use the forwarder.
-	if m.localForwarding && (m.netstack || dstIP != m.wgIface.Address().IP) {
+	if m.shouldForward(d, dstIP) {
 		return m.handleForwardedLocalTraffic(packetData)
 	}
 
@@ -1243,3 +1402,86 @@ func (m *Manager) DisableRouting() error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// RegisterNetstackService registers a service as listening on the netstack for the given protocol and port
+func (m *Manager) RegisterNetstackService(protocol nftypes.Protocol, port uint16) {
+	m.netstackServiceMutex.Lock()
+	defer m.netstackServiceMutex.Unlock()
+	layerType := m.protocolToLayerType(protocol)
+	key := serviceKey{protocol: layerType, port: port}
+	m.netstackServices[key] = struct{}{}
+	m.logger.Debug3("RegisterNetstackService: registered %s:%d (layerType=%s)", protocol, port, layerType)
+	m.logger.Debug1("RegisterNetstackService: current registry size: %d", len(m.netstackServices))
+}
+
+// UnregisterNetstackService removes a service from the netstack registry
+func (m *Manager) UnregisterNetstackService(protocol nftypes.Protocol, port uint16) {
+	m.netstackServiceMutex.Lock()
+	defer m.netstackServiceMutex.Unlock()
+	layerType := m.protocolToLayerType(protocol)
+	key := serviceKey{protocol: layerType, port: port}
+	delete(m.netstackServices, key)
+	m.logger.Debug2("Unregistered netstack service on protocol %s port %d", protocol, port)
+}
+
+// protocolToLayerType converts nftypes.Protocol to gopacket.LayerType for internal use
+func (m *Manager) protocolToLayerType(protocol nftypes.Protocol) gopacket.LayerType {
+	switch protocol {
+	case nftypes.TCP:
+		return layers.LayerTypeTCP
+	case nftypes.UDP:
+		return layers.LayerTypeUDP
+	case nftypes.ICMP:
+		return layers.LayerTypeICMPv4
+	default:
+		return gopacket.LayerType(0) // Invalid/unknown
+	}
+}
+
+// shouldForward determines if a packet should be forwarded to the forwarder.
+// The forwarder handles routing packets to the native OS network stack.
+// Returns true if packet should go to the forwarder, false if it should go to netstack listeners or the native stack directly.
+func (m *Manager) shouldForward(d *decoder, dstIP netip.Addr) bool {
+	// not enabled, never forward
+	if !m.localForwarding {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// netstack always needs to forward because it's lacking a native interface
+	// exception for registered netstack services, those should go to netstack listeners
+	if m.netstack {
+		return !m.hasMatchingNetstackService(d)
+	}
+
+	// traffic to our other local interfaces (not NetBird IP) - always forward
+	if dstIP != m.wgIface.Address().IP {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// traffic to our NetBird IP, not netstack mode - send to netstack listeners
+	return false
+}
+
+// hasMatchingNetstackService checks if there's a registered netstack service for this packet
+func (m *Manager) hasMatchingNetstackService(d *decoder) bool {
+	if len(d.decoded) < 2 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	var dstPort uint16
+	switch d.decoded[1] {
+	case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
+		dstPort = uint16(d.tcp.DstPort)
+	case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
+		dstPort = uint16(d.udp.DstPort)
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+
+	key := serviceKey{protocol: d.decoded[1], port: dstPort}
+	m.netstackServiceMutex.RLock()
+	_, exists := m.netstackServices[key]
+	m.netstackServiceMutex.RUnlock()
+
+	return exists
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_bench_test.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 
 	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 )
 
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ func BenchmarkCoreFiltering(b *testing.B) {
 				// Create manager and basic setup
 				manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
 					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-				}, false, flowLogger)
+				}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 				defer b.Cleanup(func() {
 					require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 				})
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ func BenchmarkStateScaling(b *testing.B) {
 		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("conns_%d", count), func(b *testing.B) {
 			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
 				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger)
+			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ func BenchmarkEstablishmentOverhead(b *testing.B) {
 		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
 			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
 				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger)
+			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -410,7 +411,7 @@ func BenchmarkRoutedNetworkReturn(b *testing.B) {
 		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
 			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
 				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger)
+			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -537,7 +538,7 @@ func BenchmarkLongLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 
 			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
 				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger)
+			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			defer b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -620,7 +621,7 @@ func BenchmarkShortLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 
 			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
 				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger)
+			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			defer b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -731,7 +732,7 @@ func BenchmarkParallelLongLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 
 			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
 				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger)
+			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			defer b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -811,7 +812,7 @@ func BenchmarkParallelShortLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 
 			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
 				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger)
+			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			defer b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -896,38 +897,6 @@ func BenchmarkParallelShortLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 }
 
-// generateTCPPacketWithFlags creates a TCP packet with specific flags
-func generateTCPPacketWithFlags(b *testing.B, srcIP, dstIP net.IP, srcPort, dstPort, flags uint16) []byte {
-	b.Helper()
-
-	ipv4 := &layers.IPv4{
-		TTL:      64,
-		Version:  4,
-		SrcIP:    srcIP,
-		DstIP:    dstIP,
-		Protocol: layers.IPProtocolTCP,
-	}
-
-	tcp := &layers.TCP{
-		SrcPort: layers.TCPPort(srcPort),
-		DstPort: layers.TCPPort(dstPort),
-	}
-
-	// Set TCP flags
-	tcp.SYN = (flags & uint16(conntrack.TCPSyn)) != 0
-	tcp.ACK = (flags & uint16(conntrack.TCPAck)) != 0
-	tcp.PSH = (flags & uint16(conntrack.TCPPush)) != 0
-	tcp.RST = (flags & uint16(conntrack.TCPRst)) != 0
-	tcp.FIN = (flags & uint16(conntrack.TCPFin)) != 0
-
-	require.NoError(b, tcp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ipv4))
-
-	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
-	opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{ComputeChecksums: true, FixLengths: true}
-	require.NoError(b, gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ipv4, tcp, gopacket.Payload("test")))
-	return buf.Bytes()
-}
-
 func BenchmarkRouteACLs(b *testing.B) {
 	manager := setupRoutedManager(b, "10.10.0.100/16")
 
@@ -990,3 +959,231 @@ func BenchmarkRouteACLs(b *testing.B) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// BenchmarkMSSClamping benchmarks the MSS clamping impact on filterOutbound.
+// This shows the overhead difference between the common case (non-SYN packets, fast path)
+// and the rare case (SYN packets that need clamping, expensive path).
+func BenchmarkMSSClamping(b *testing.B) {
+	scenarios := []struct {
+		name        string
+		description string
+		genPacket   func(*testing.B, net.IP, net.IP) []byte
+		frequency   string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "syn_needs_clamp",
+			description: "SYN packet needing MSS clamping",
+			genPacket: func(b *testing.B, src, dst net.IP) []byte {
+				return generateSYNPacketWithMSS(b, src, dst, 12345, 80, 1460)
+			},
+			frequency: "~0.1% of traffic - EXPENSIVE",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "syn_no_clamp_needed",
+			description: "SYN packet with already-small MSS",
+			genPacket: func(b *testing.B, src, dst net.IP) []byte {
+				return generateSYNPacketWithMSS(b, src, dst, 12345, 80, 1200)
+			},
+			frequency: "~0.05% of traffic",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "tcp_ack",
+			description: "Non-SYN TCP packet (ACK, data transfer)",
+			genPacket: func(b *testing.B, src, dst net.IP) []byte {
+				return generateTCPPacketWithFlags(b, src, dst, 12345, 80, uint16(conntrack.TCPAck))
+			},
+			frequency: "~60-70% of traffic - FAST PATH",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "tcp_psh_ack",
+			description: "TCP data packet (PSH+ACK)",
+			genPacket: func(b *testing.B, src, dst net.IP) []byte {
+				return generateTCPPacketWithFlags(b, src, dst, 12345, 80, uint16(conntrack.TCPPush|conntrack.TCPAck))
+			},
+			frequency: "~10-20% of traffic - FAST PATH",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "udp",
+			description: "UDP packet",
+			genPacket: func(b *testing.B, src, dst net.IP) []byte {
+				return generatePacket(b, src, dst, 12345, 80, layers.IPProtocolUDP)
+			},
+			frequency: "~20-30% of traffic - FAST PATH",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, sc := range scenarios {
+		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
+			manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
+				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			require.NoError(b, err)
+			defer func() {
+				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
+			}()
+
+			manager.mssClampEnabled = true
+			manager.mssClampValue = 1240
+
+			srcIP := net.ParseIP("100.64.0.2")
+			dstIP := net.ParseIP("8.8.8.8")
+			packet := sc.genPacket(b, srcIP, dstIP)
+
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				manager.filterOutbound(packet, len(packet))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkMSSClampingOverhead compares overhead of MSS clamping enabled vs disabled
+// for the common case (non-SYN TCP packets).
+func BenchmarkMSSClampingOverhead(b *testing.B) {
+	scenarios := []struct {
+		name      string
+		enabled   bool
+		genPacket func(*testing.B, net.IP, net.IP) []byte
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "disabled_tcp_ack",
+			enabled: false,
+			genPacket: func(b *testing.B, src, dst net.IP) []byte {
+				return generateTCPPacketWithFlags(b, src, dst, 12345, 80, uint16(conntrack.TCPAck))
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "enabled_tcp_ack",
+			enabled: true,
+			genPacket: func(b *testing.B, src, dst net.IP) []byte {
+				return generateTCPPacketWithFlags(b, src, dst, 12345, 80, uint16(conntrack.TCPAck))
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "disabled_syn_needs_clamp",
+			enabled: false,
+			genPacket: func(b *testing.B, src, dst net.IP) []byte {
+				return generateSYNPacketWithMSS(b, src, dst, 12345, 80, 1460)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "enabled_syn_needs_clamp",
+			enabled: true,
+			genPacket: func(b *testing.B, src, dst net.IP) []byte {
+				return generateSYNPacketWithMSS(b, src, dst, 12345, 80, 1460)
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, sc := range scenarios {
+		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
+			manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
+				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			require.NoError(b, err)
+			defer func() {
+				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
+			}()
+
+			manager.mssClampEnabled = sc.enabled
+			if sc.enabled {
+				manager.mssClampValue = 1240
+			}
+
+			srcIP := net.ParseIP("100.64.0.2")
+			dstIP := net.ParseIP("8.8.8.8")
+			packet := sc.genPacket(b, srcIP, dstIP)
+
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				manager.filterOutbound(packet, len(packet))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkMSSClampingMemory measures memory allocations for common vs rare cases
+func BenchmarkMSSClampingMemory(b *testing.B) {
+	scenarios := []struct {
+		name      string
+		genPacket func(*testing.B, net.IP, net.IP) []byte
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "tcp_ack_fast_path",
+			genPacket: func(b *testing.B, src, dst net.IP) []byte {
+				return generateTCPPacketWithFlags(b, src, dst, 12345, 80, uint16(conntrack.TCPAck))
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "syn_needs_clamp",
+			genPacket: func(b *testing.B, src, dst net.IP) []byte {
+				return generateSYNPacketWithMSS(b, src, dst, 12345, 80, 1460)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "udp_fast_path",
+			genPacket: func(b *testing.B, src, dst net.IP) []byte {
+				return generatePacket(b, src, dst, 12345, 80, layers.IPProtocolUDP)
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, sc := range scenarios {
+		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
+			manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
+				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			require.NoError(b, err)
+			defer func() {
+				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
+			}()
+
+			manager.mssClampEnabled = true
+			manager.mssClampValue = 1240
+
+			srcIP := net.ParseIP("100.64.0.2")
+			dstIP := net.ParseIP("8.8.8.8")
+			packet := sc.genPacket(b, srcIP, dstIP)
+
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				manager.filterOutbound(packet, len(packet))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func generateSYNPacketNoMSS(b *testing.B, srcIP, dstIP net.IP, srcPort, dstPort uint16) []byte {
+	b.Helper()
+
+	ip := &layers.IPv4{
+		Version:  4,
+		IHL:      5,
+		TTL:      64,
+		Protocol: layers.IPProtocolTCP,
+		SrcIP:    srcIP,
+		DstIP:    dstIP,
+	}
+
+	tcp := &layers.TCP{
+		SrcPort: layers.TCPPort(srcPort),
+		DstPort: layers.TCPPort(dstPort),
+		SYN:     true,
+		Seq:     1000,
+		Window:  65535,
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(b, tcp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ip))
+
+	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{
+		FixLengths:       true,
+		ComputeChecksums: true,
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(b, gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip, tcp, gopacket.Payload([]byte{})))
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_filter_test.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	wgdevice "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
 
 	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/mocks"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ func TestPeerACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, manager)
 
@@ -616,7 +617,7 @@ func setupRoutedManager(tb testing.TB, network string) *Manager {
 		},
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(tb, err)
 	require.NoError(tb, manager.EnableRouting())
 	require.NotNil(tb, manager)
@@ -1462,7 +1463,7 @@ func TestRouteACLSet(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))

client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package uspfilter
 
 import (
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
@@ -17,9 +18,11 @@ import (
 	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/log"
+	nbiface "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow"
+	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ func TestManagerCreate(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create Manager: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ func TestManagerAddPeerFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create Manager: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ func TestManagerDeleteRule(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create Manager: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -215,7 +218,7 @@ func TestAddUDPPacketHook(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
 				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger)
+			}, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			manager.AddUDPPacketHook(tt.in, tt.ip, tt.dPort, tt.hook)
@@ -265,7 +268,7 @@ func TestManagerReset(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create Manager: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -304,7 +307,7 @@ func TestNotMatchByIP(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create Manager: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -367,7 +370,7 @@ func TestRemovePacketHook(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// creating manager instance
-	manager, err := Create(iface, false, flowLogger)
+	manager, err := Create(iface, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create Manager: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -413,7 +416,7 @@ func TestRemovePacketHook(t *testing.T) {
 func TestProcessOutgoingHooks(t *testing.T) {
 	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger)
+	}, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	manager.udpTracker.Close()
@@ -495,7 +498,7 @@ func TestUSPFilterCreatePerformance(t *testing.T) {
 			ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
 				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 			}
-			manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+			manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			time.Sleep(time.Second)
 
@@ -522,7 +525,7 @@ func TestUSPFilterCreatePerformance(t *testing.T) {
 func TestStatefulFirewall_UDPTracking(t *testing.T) {
 	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger)
+	}, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	manager.udpTracker.Close() // Close the existing tracker
@@ -729,7 +732,7 @@ func TestUpdateSetMerge(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -815,7 +818,7 @@ func TestUpdateSetDeduplication(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -923,3 +926,327 @@ func TestUpdateSetDeduplication(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, tc.expected, isAllowed, tc.desc)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestMSSClamping(t *testing.T) {
+	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
+			return wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.100"),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16"),
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, 1280)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	}()
+
+	require.True(t, manager.mssClampEnabled, "MSS clamping should be enabled by default")
+	expectedMSSValue := uint16(1280 - ipTCPHeaderMinSize)
+	require.Equal(t, expectedMSSValue, manager.mssClampValue, "MSS clamp value should be MTU - 40")
+
+	err = manager.UpdateLocalIPs()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	srcIP := net.ParseIP("100.10.0.2")
+	dstIP := net.ParseIP("8.8.8.8")
+
+	t.Run("SYN packet with high MSS gets clamped", func(t *testing.T) {
+		highMSS := uint16(1460)
+		packet := generateSYNPacketWithMSS(t, srcIP, dstIP, 12345, 80, highMSS)
+
+		manager.filterOutbound(packet, len(packet))
+
+		d := parsePacket(t, packet)
+		require.Len(t, d.tcp.Options, 1, "Should have MSS option")
+		require.Equal(t, uint8(layers.TCPOptionKindMSS), uint8(d.tcp.Options[0].OptionType))
+		actualMSS := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(d.tcp.Options[0].OptionData)
+		require.Equal(t, expectedMSSValue, actualMSS, "MSS should be clamped to MTU - 40")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("SYN packet with low MSS unchanged", func(t *testing.T) {
+		lowMSS := uint16(1200)
+		packet := generateSYNPacketWithMSS(t, srcIP, dstIP, 12345, 80, lowMSS)
+
+		manager.filterOutbound(packet, len(packet))
+
+		d := parsePacket(t, packet)
+		require.Len(t, d.tcp.Options, 1, "Should have MSS option")
+		actualMSS := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(d.tcp.Options[0].OptionData)
+		require.Equal(t, lowMSS, actualMSS, "Low MSS should not be modified")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("SYN-ACK packet gets clamped", func(t *testing.T) {
+		highMSS := uint16(1460)
+		packet := generateSYNACKPacketWithMSS(t, srcIP, dstIP, 12345, 80, highMSS)
+
+		manager.filterOutbound(packet, len(packet))
+
+		d := parsePacket(t, packet)
+		require.Len(t, d.tcp.Options, 1, "Should have MSS option")
+		actualMSS := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(d.tcp.Options[0].OptionData)
+		require.Equal(t, expectedMSSValue, actualMSS, "MSS in SYN-ACK should be clamped")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Non-SYN packet unchanged", func(t *testing.T) {
+		packet := generateTCPPacketWithFlags(t, srcIP, dstIP, 12345, 80, uint16(conntrack.TCPAck))
+
+		manager.filterOutbound(packet, len(packet))
+
+		d := parsePacket(t, packet)
+		require.Empty(t, d.tcp.Options, "ACK packet should have no options")
+	})
+}
+
+func generateSYNPacketWithMSS(tb testing.TB, srcIP, dstIP net.IP, srcPort, dstPort uint16, mss uint16) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	ipLayer := &layers.IPv4{
+		Version:  4,
+		TTL:      64,
+		Protocol: layers.IPProtocolTCP,
+		SrcIP:    srcIP,
+		DstIP:    dstIP,
+	}
+
+	tcpLayer := &layers.TCP{
+		SrcPort: layers.TCPPort(srcPort),
+		DstPort: layers.TCPPort(dstPort),
+		SYN:     true,
+		Window:  65535,
+		Options: []layers.TCPOption{
+			{
+				OptionType:   layers.TCPOptionKindMSS,
+				OptionLength: 4,
+				OptionData:   binary.BigEndian.AppendUint16(nil, mss),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	err := tcpLayer.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ipLayer)
+	require.NoError(tb, err)
+
+	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{ComputeChecksums: true, FixLengths: true}
+	err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ipLayer, tcpLayer, gopacket.Payload([]byte{}))
+	require.NoError(tb, err)
+
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+func generateSYNACKPacketWithMSS(tb testing.TB, srcIP, dstIP net.IP, srcPort, dstPort uint16, mss uint16) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	ipLayer := &layers.IPv4{
+		Version:  4,
+		TTL:      64,
+		Protocol: layers.IPProtocolTCP,
+		SrcIP:    srcIP,
+		DstIP:    dstIP,
+	}
+
+	tcpLayer := &layers.TCP{
+		SrcPort: layers.TCPPort(srcPort),
+		DstPort: layers.TCPPort(dstPort),
+		SYN:     true,
+		ACK:     true,
+		Window:  65535,
+		Options: []layers.TCPOption{
+			{
+				OptionType:   layers.TCPOptionKindMSS,
+				OptionLength: 4,
+				OptionData:   binary.BigEndian.AppendUint16(nil, mss),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	err := tcpLayer.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ipLayer)
+	require.NoError(tb, err)
+
+	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{ComputeChecksums: true, FixLengths: true}
+	err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ipLayer, tcpLayer, gopacket.Payload([]byte{}))
+	require.NoError(tb, err)
+
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+func generateTCPPacketWithFlags(tb testing.TB, srcIP, dstIP net.IP, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint16) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	ipLayer := &layers.IPv4{
+		Version:  4,
+		TTL:      64,
+		Protocol: layers.IPProtocolTCP,
+		SrcIP:    srcIP,
+		DstIP:    dstIP,
+	}
+
+	tcpLayer := &layers.TCP{
+		SrcPort: layers.TCPPort(srcPort),
+		DstPort: layers.TCPPort(dstPort),
+		Window:  65535,
+	}
+
+	if flags&uint16(conntrack.TCPSyn) != 0 {
+		tcpLayer.SYN = true
+	}
+	if flags&uint16(conntrack.TCPAck) != 0 {
+		tcpLayer.ACK = true
+	}
+	if flags&uint16(conntrack.TCPFin) != 0 {
+		tcpLayer.FIN = true
+	}
+	if flags&uint16(conntrack.TCPRst) != 0 {
+		tcpLayer.RST = true
+	}
+	if flags&uint16(conntrack.TCPPush) != 0 {
+		tcpLayer.PSH = true
+	}
+
+	err := tcpLayer.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ipLayer)
+	require.NoError(tb, err)
+
+	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{ComputeChecksums: true, FixLengths: true}
+	err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ipLayer, tcpLayer, gopacket.Payload([]byte{}))
+	require.NoError(tb, err)
+
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+func TestShouldForward(t *testing.T) {
+	// Set up test addresses
+	wgIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.1")
+	otherIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.2")
+
+	// Create test manager with mock interface
+	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+	}
+	// Set the mock to return our test WG IP
+	ifaceMock.AddressFunc = func() wgaddr.Address {
+		return wgaddr.Address{IP: wgIP, Network: netip.PrefixFrom(wgIP, 24)}
+	}
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	}()
+
+	// Helper to create decoder with TCP packet
+	createTCPDecoder := func(dstPort uint16) *decoder {
+		ipv4 := &layers.IPv4{
+			Version:  4,
+			Protocol: layers.IPProtocolTCP,
+			SrcIP:    net.ParseIP("192.168.1.100"),
+			DstIP:    wgIP.AsSlice(),
+		}
+		tcp := &layers.TCP{
+			SrcPort: 54321,
+			DstPort: layers.TCPPort(dstPort),
+		}
+
+		err := tcp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ipv4)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+		opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{ComputeChecksums: true, FixLengths: true}
+		err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ipv4, tcp, gopacket.Payload("test"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		d := &decoder{
+			decoded: []gopacket.LayerType{},
+		}
+		d.parser = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+			layers.LayerTypeIPv4,
+			&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
+		)
+		d.parser.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+
+		err = d.parser.DecodeLayers(buf.Bytes(), &d.decoded)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		return d
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name              string
+		localForwarding   bool
+		netstack          bool
+		dstIP             netip.Addr
+		serviceRegistered bool
+		servicePort       uint16
+		expected          bool
+		description       string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:            "no local forwarding",
+			localForwarding: false,
+			netstack:        true,
+			dstIP:           wgIP,
+			expected:        false,
+			description:     "should never forward when local forwarding disabled",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "traffic to other local interface",
+			localForwarding: true,
+			netstack:        false,
+			dstIP:           otherIP,
+			expected:        true,
+			description:     "should forward traffic to our other local interfaces (not NetBird IP)",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "traffic to NetBird IP, no netstack",
+			localForwarding: true,
+			netstack:        false,
+			dstIP:           wgIP,
+			expected:        false,
+			description:     "should send to netstack listeners (final return false path)",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "traffic to our IP, netstack mode, no service",
+			localForwarding: true,
+			netstack:        true,
+			dstIP:           wgIP,
+			expected:        true,
+			description:     "should forward when in netstack mode with no matching service",
+		},
+		{
+			name:              "traffic to our IP, netstack mode, with service",
+			localForwarding:   true,
+			netstack:          true,
+			dstIP:             wgIP,
+			serviceRegistered: true,
+			servicePort:       22,
+			expected:          false,
+			description:       "should send to netstack listeners when service is registered",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Configure manager
+			manager.localForwarding = tt.localForwarding
+			manager.netstack = tt.netstack
+
+			// Register service if needed
+			if tt.serviceRegistered {
+				manager.RegisterNetstackService(nftypes.TCP, tt.servicePort)
+				defer manager.UnregisterNetstackService(nftypes.TCP, tt.servicePort)
+			}
+
+			// Create decoder for the test
+			decoder := createTCPDecoder(tt.servicePort)
+			if !tt.serviceRegistered {
+				decoder = createTCPDecoder(8080) // Use non-registered port
+			}
+
+			// Test the method
+			result := manager.shouldForward(decoder, tt.dstIP)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.expected, result, tt.description)
+		})
+	}
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/forwarder.go

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ type Forwarder struct {
 	netstack     bool
 }
 
-func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, netstack bool) (*Forwarder, error) {
+func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, netstack bool, mtu uint16) (*Forwarder, error) {
 	s := stack.New(stack.Options{
 		NetworkProtocols: []stack.NetworkProtocolFactory{ipv4.NewProtocol},
 		TransportProtocols: []stack.TransportProtocolFactory{
@@ -56,10 +56,6 @@ func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.Flow
 		HandleLocal: false,
 	})
 
-	mtu, err := iface.GetDevice().MTU()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get MTU: %w", err)
-	}
 	nicID := tcpip.NICID(1)
 	endpoint := &endpoint{
 		logger: logger,
@@ -68,7 +64,7 @@ func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.Flow
 	}
 
 	if err := s.CreateNIC(nicID, endpoint); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create NIC: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create NIC: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	protoAddr := tcpip.ProtocolAddress{

client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/udp.go

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ type idleConn struct {
 	conn *udpPacketConn
 }
 
-func newUDPForwarder(mtu int, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger) *udpForwarder {
+func newUDPForwarder(mtu uint16, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger) *udpForwarder {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	f := &udpForwarder{
 		logger:     logger,

client/firewall/uspfilter/log/log.go

@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ type logMessage struct {
 	arg4   any
 	arg5   any
 	arg6   any
+	arg7   any
+	arg8   any
 }
 
 // Logger is a high-performance, non-blocking logger
@@ -94,7 +96,6 @@ func (l *Logger) SetLevel(level Level) {
 	log.Debugf("Set uspfilter logger loglevel to %v", levelStrings[level])
 }
 
-
 func (l *Logger) Error(format string) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelError) {
 		select {
@@ -185,6 +186,15 @@ func (l *Logger) Debug2(format string, arg1, arg2 any) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (l *Logger) Debug3(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3 any) {
+	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelDebug) {
+		select {
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelDebug, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3}:
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (l *Logger) Trace1(format string, arg1 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelTrace) {
 		select {
@@ -239,6 +249,16 @@ func (l *Logger) Trace6(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6 any) {
 	}
 }
 
+// Trace8 logs a trace message with 8 arguments (8 placeholder in format string)
+func (l *Logger) Trace8(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8 any) {
+	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelTrace) {
+		select {
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3, arg4: arg4, arg5: arg5, arg6: arg6, arg7: arg7, arg8: arg8}:
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (l *Logger) formatMessage(buf *[]byte, msg logMessage) {
 	*buf = (*buf)[:0]
 	*buf = time.Now().AppendFormat(*buf, "2006-01-02T15:04:05-07:00")
@@ -260,6 +280,12 @@ func (l *Logger) formatMessage(buf *[]byte, msg logMessage) {
 						argCount++
 						if msg.arg6 != nil {
 							argCount++
+							if msg.arg7 != nil {
+								argCount++
+								if msg.arg8 != nil {
+									argCount++
+								}
+							}
 						}
 					}
 				}
@@ -283,6 +309,10 @@ func (l *Logger) formatMessage(buf *[]byte, msg logMessage) {
 		formatted = fmt.Sprintf(msg.format, msg.arg1, msg.arg2, msg.arg3, msg.arg4, msg.arg5)
 	case 6:
 		formatted = fmt.Sprintf(msg.format, msg.arg1, msg.arg2, msg.arg3, msg.arg4, msg.arg5, msg.arg6)
+	case 7:
+		formatted = fmt.Sprintf(msg.format, msg.arg1, msg.arg2, msg.arg3, msg.arg4, msg.arg5, msg.arg6, msg.arg7)
+	case 8:
+		formatted = fmt.Sprintf(msg.format, msg.arg1, msg.arg2, msg.arg3, msg.arg4, msg.arg5, msg.arg6, msg.arg7, msg.arg8)
 	}
 
 	*buf = append(*buf, formatted...)
@@ -390,4 +420,4 @@ func (l *Logger) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	case <-done:
 		return nil
 	}
-}
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/nat.go

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 
+	"github.com/google/gopacket"
 	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
 
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
@@ -13,6 +15,21 @@ import (
 
 var ErrIPv4Only = errors.New("only IPv4 is supported for DNAT")
 
+var (
+	errInvalidIPHeaderLength = errors.New("invalid IP header length")
+)
+
+const (
+	// Port offsets in TCP/UDP headers
+	sourcePortOffset      = 0
+	destinationPortOffset = 2
+
+	// IP address offsets in IPv4 header
+	sourceIPOffset      = 12
+	destinationIPOffset = 16
+)
+
+// ipv4Checksum calculates IPv4 header checksum.
 func ipv4Checksum(header []byte) uint16 {
 	if len(header) < 20 {
 		return 0
@@ -52,6 +69,7 @@ func ipv4Checksum(header []byte) uint16 {
 	return ^uint16(sum)
 }
 
+// icmpChecksum calculates ICMP checksum.
 func icmpChecksum(data []byte) uint16 {
 	var sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4 uint32
 	i := 0
@@ -89,11 +107,21 @@ func icmpChecksum(data []byte) uint16 {
 	return ^uint16(sum)
 }
 
+// biDNATMap maintains bidirectional DNAT mappings.
 type biDNATMap struct {
 	forward map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr
 	reverse map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr
 }
 
+// portDNATRule represents a port-specific DNAT rule.
+type portDNATRule struct {
+	protocol   gopacket.LayerType
+	origPort   uint16
+	targetPort uint16
+	targetIP   netip.Addr
+}
+
+// newBiDNATMap creates a new bidirectional DNAT mapping structure.
 func newBiDNATMap() *biDNATMap {
 	return &biDNATMap{
 		forward: make(map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr),
@@ -101,11 +129,13 @@ func newBiDNATMap() *biDNATMap {
 	}
 }
 
+// set adds a bidirectional DNAT mapping between original and translated addresses.
 func (b *biDNATMap) set(original, translated netip.Addr) {
 	b.forward[original] = translated
 	b.reverse[translated] = original
 }
 
+// delete removes a bidirectional DNAT mapping for the given original address.
 func (b *biDNATMap) delete(original netip.Addr) {
 	if translated, exists := b.forward[original]; exists {
 		delete(b.forward, original)
@@ -113,19 +143,25 @@ func (b *biDNATMap) delete(original netip.Addr) {
 	}
 }
 
+// getTranslated returns the translated address for a given original address.
 func (b *biDNATMap) getTranslated(original netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, bool) {
 	translated, exists := b.forward[original]
 	return translated, exists
 }
 
+// getOriginal returns the original address for a given translated address.
 func (b *biDNATMap) getOriginal(translated netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, bool) {
 	original, exists := b.reverse[translated]
 	return original, exists
 }
 
+// AddInternalDNATMapping adds a 1:1 IP address mapping for internal DNAT translation.
 func (m *Manager) AddInternalDNATMapping(originalAddr, translatedAddr netip.Addr) error {
-	if !originalAddr.IsValid() || !translatedAddr.IsValid() {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid IP addresses")
+	if !originalAddr.IsValid() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid original IP address")
+	}
+	if !translatedAddr.IsValid() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid translated IP address")
 	}
 
 	if m.localipmanager.IsLocalIP(translatedAddr) {
@@ -135,7 +171,6 @@ func (m *Manager) AddInternalDNATMapping(originalAddr, translatedAddr netip.Addr
 	m.dnatMutex.Lock()
 	defer m.dnatMutex.Unlock()
 
-	// Initialize both maps together if either is nil
 	if m.dnatMappings == nil || m.dnatBiMap == nil {
 		m.dnatMappings = make(map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr)
 		m.dnatBiMap = newBiDNATMap()
@@ -151,7 +186,7 @@ func (m *Manager) AddInternalDNATMapping(originalAddr, translatedAddr netip.Addr
 	return nil
 }
 
-// RemoveInternalDNATMapping removes a 1:1 IP address mapping
+// RemoveInternalDNATMapping removes a 1:1 IP address mapping.
 func (m *Manager) RemoveInternalDNATMapping(originalAddr netip.Addr) error {
 	m.dnatMutex.Lock()
 	defer m.dnatMutex.Unlock()
@@ -169,7 +204,7 @@ func (m *Manager) RemoveInternalDNATMapping(originalAddr netip.Addr) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// getDNATTranslation returns the translated address if a mapping exists
+// getDNATTranslation returns the translated address if a mapping exists.
 func (m *Manager) getDNATTranslation(addr netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, bool) {
 	if !m.dnatEnabled.Load() {
 		return addr, false
@@ -181,7 +216,7 @@ func (m *Manager) getDNATTranslation(addr netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, bool) {
 	return translated, exists
 }
 
-// findReverseDNATMapping finds original address for return traffic
+// findReverseDNATMapping finds original address for return traffic.
 func (m *Manager) findReverseDNATMapping(translatedAddr netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, bool) {
 	if !m.dnatEnabled.Load() {
 		return translatedAddr, false
@@ -193,16 +228,12 @@ func (m *Manager) findReverseDNATMapping(translatedAddr netip.Addr) (netip.Addr,
 	return original, exists
 }
 
-// translateOutboundDNAT applies DNAT translation to outbound packets
+// translateOutboundDNAT applies DNAT translation to outbound packets.
 func (m *Manager) translateOutboundDNAT(packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
 	if !m.dnatEnabled.Load() {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	if len(packetData) < 20 || d.decoded[0] != layers.LayerTypeIPv4 {
-		return false
-	}
-
 	dstIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[16], packetData[17], packetData[18], packetData[19]})
 
 	translatedIP, exists := m.getDNATTranslation(dstIP)
@@ -210,8 +241,8 @@ func (m *Manager) translateOutboundDNAT(packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	if err := m.rewritePacketDestination(packetData, d, translatedIP); err != nil {
-		m.logger.Error1("Failed to rewrite packet destination: %v", err)
+	if err := m.rewritePacketIP(packetData, d, translatedIP, destinationIPOffset); err != nil {
+		m.logger.Error1("failed to rewrite packet destination: %v", err)
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -219,16 +250,12 @@ func (m *Manager) translateOutboundDNAT(packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-// translateInboundReverse applies reverse DNAT to inbound return traffic
+// translateInboundReverse applies reverse DNAT to inbound return traffic.
 func (m *Manager) translateInboundReverse(packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
 	if !m.dnatEnabled.Load() {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	if len(packetData) < 20 || d.decoded[0] != layers.LayerTypeIPv4 {
-		return false
-	}
-
 	srcIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[12], packetData[13], packetData[14], packetData[15]})
 
 	originalIP, exists := m.findReverseDNATMapping(srcIP)
@@ -236,8 +263,8 @@ func (m *Manager) translateInboundReverse(packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	if err := m.rewritePacketSource(packetData, d, originalIP); err != nil {
-		m.logger.Error1("Failed to rewrite packet source: %v", err)
+	if err := m.rewritePacketIP(packetData, d, originalIP, sourceIPOffset); err != nil {
+		m.logger.Error1("failed to rewrite packet source: %v", err)
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -245,21 +272,21 @@ func (m *Manager) translateInboundReverse(packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-// rewritePacketDestination replaces destination IP in the packet
-func (m *Manager) rewritePacketDestination(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newIP netip.Addr) error {
-	if len(packetData) < 20 || d.decoded[0] != layers.LayerTypeIPv4 || !newIP.Is4() {
+// rewritePacketIP replaces an IP address (source or destination) in the packet and updates checksums.
+func (m *Manager) rewritePacketIP(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newIP netip.Addr, ipOffset int) error {
+	if !newIP.Is4() {
 		return ErrIPv4Only
 	}
 
-	var oldDst [4]byte
-	copy(oldDst[:], packetData[16:20])
-	newDst := newIP.As4()
+	var oldIP [4]byte
+	copy(oldIP[:], packetData[ipOffset:ipOffset+4])
+	newIPBytes := newIP.As4()
 
-	copy(packetData[16:20], newDst[:])
+	copy(packetData[ipOffset:ipOffset+4], newIPBytes[:])
 
 	ipHeaderLen := int(d.ip4.IHL) * 4
 	if ipHeaderLen < 20 || ipHeaderLen > len(packetData) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid IP header length")
+		return errInvalidIPHeaderLength
 	}
 
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[10:12], 0)
@@ -269,44 +296,9 @@ func (m *Manager) rewritePacketDestination(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newIP
 	if len(d.decoded) > 1 {
 		switch d.decoded[1] {
 		case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
-			m.updateTCPChecksum(packetData, ipHeaderLen, oldDst[:], newDst[:])
+			m.updateTCPChecksum(packetData, ipHeaderLen, oldIP[:], newIPBytes[:])
 		case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
-			m.updateUDPChecksum(packetData, ipHeaderLen, oldDst[:], newDst[:])
-		case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4:
-			m.updateICMPChecksum(packetData, ipHeaderLen)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// rewritePacketSource replaces the source IP address in the packet
-func (m *Manager) rewritePacketSource(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newIP netip.Addr) error {
-	if len(packetData) < 20 || d.decoded[0] != layers.LayerTypeIPv4 || !newIP.Is4() {
-		return ErrIPv4Only
-	}
-
-	var oldSrc [4]byte
-	copy(oldSrc[:], packetData[12:16])
-	newSrc := newIP.As4()
-
-	copy(packetData[12:16], newSrc[:])
-
-	ipHeaderLen := int(d.ip4.IHL) * 4
-	if ipHeaderLen < 20 || ipHeaderLen > len(packetData) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid IP header length")
-	}
-
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[10:12], 0)
-	ipChecksum := ipv4Checksum(packetData[:ipHeaderLen])
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[10:12], ipChecksum)
-
-	if len(d.decoded) > 1 {
-		switch d.decoded[1] {
-		case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
-			m.updateTCPChecksum(packetData, ipHeaderLen, oldSrc[:], newSrc[:])
-		case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
-			m.updateUDPChecksum(packetData, ipHeaderLen, oldSrc[:], newSrc[:])
+			m.updateUDPChecksum(packetData, ipHeaderLen, oldIP[:], newIPBytes[:])
 		case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4:
 			m.updateICMPChecksum(packetData, ipHeaderLen)
 		}
@@ -315,6 +307,7 @@ func (m *Manager) rewritePacketSource(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newIP netip
 	return nil
 }
 
+// updateTCPChecksum updates TCP checksum after IP address change per RFC 1624.
 func (m *Manager) updateTCPChecksum(packetData []byte, ipHeaderLen int, oldIP, newIP []byte) {
 	tcpStart := ipHeaderLen
 	if len(packetData) < tcpStart+18 {
@@ -327,6 +320,7 @@ func (m *Manager) updateTCPChecksum(packetData []byte, ipHeaderLen int, oldIP, n
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[checksumOffset:checksumOffset+2], newChecksum)
 }
 
+// updateUDPChecksum updates UDP checksum after IP address change per RFC 1624.
 func (m *Manager) updateUDPChecksum(packetData []byte, ipHeaderLen int, oldIP, newIP []byte) {
 	udpStart := ipHeaderLen
 	if len(packetData) < udpStart+8 {
@@ -344,6 +338,7 @@ func (m *Manager) updateUDPChecksum(packetData []byte, ipHeaderLen int, oldIP, n
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[checksumOffset:checksumOffset+2], newChecksum)
 }
 
+// updateICMPChecksum recalculates ICMP checksum after packet modification.
 func (m *Manager) updateICMPChecksum(packetData []byte, ipHeaderLen int) {
 	icmpStart := ipHeaderLen
 	if len(packetData) < icmpStart+8 {
@@ -356,7 +351,7 @@ func (m *Manager) updateICMPChecksum(packetData []byte, ipHeaderLen int) {
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(icmpData[2:4], checksum)
 }
 
-// incrementalUpdate performs incremental checksum update per RFC 1624
+// incrementalUpdate performs incremental checksum update per RFC 1624.
 func incrementalUpdate(oldChecksum uint16, oldBytes, newBytes []byte) uint16 {
 	sum := uint32(^oldChecksum)
 
@@ -391,7 +386,7 @@ func incrementalUpdate(oldChecksum uint16, oldBytes, newBytes []byte) uint16 {
 	return ^uint16(sum)
 }
 
-// AddDNATRule adds a DNAT rule (delegates to native firewall for port forwarding)
+// AddDNATRule adds outbound DNAT rule for forwarding external traffic to NetBird network.
 func (m *Manager) AddDNATRule(rule firewall.ForwardRule) (firewall.Rule, error) {
 	if m.nativeFirewall == nil {
 		return nil, errNatNotSupported
@@ -399,10 +394,184 @@ func (m *Manager) AddDNATRule(rule firewall.ForwardRule) (firewall.Rule, error)
 	return m.nativeFirewall.AddDNATRule(rule)
 }
 
-// DeleteDNATRule deletes a DNAT rule (delegates to native firewall)
+// DeleteDNATRule deletes outbound DNAT rule.
 func (m *Manager) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	if m.nativeFirewall == nil {
 		return errNatNotSupported
 	}
 	return m.nativeFirewall.DeleteDNATRule(rule)
 }
+
+// addPortRedirection adds a port redirection rule.
+func (m *Manager) addPortRedirection(targetIP netip.Addr, protocol gopacket.LayerType, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+	m.portDNATMutex.Lock()
+	defer m.portDNATMutex.Unlock()
+
+	rule := portDNATRule{
+		protocol:   protocol,
+		origPort:   sourcePort,
+		targetPort: targetPort,
+		targetIP:   targetIP,
+	}
+
+	m.portDNATRules = append(m.portDNATRules, rule)
+	m.portDNATEnabled.Store(true)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// AddInboundDNAT adds an inbound DNAT rule redirecting traffic from NetBird peers to local services.
+func (m *Manager) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+	var layerType gopacket.LayerType
+	switch protocol {
+	case firewall.ProtocolTCP:
+		layerType = layers.LayerTypeTCP
+	case firewall.ProtocolUDP:
+		layerType = layers.LayerTypeUDP
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported protocol: %s", protocol)
+	}
+
+	return m.addPortRedirection(localAddr, layerType, sourcePort, targetPort)
+}
+
+// removePortRedirection removes a port redirection rule.
+func (m *Manager) removePortRedirection(targetIP netip.Addr, protocol gopacket.LayerType, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+	m.portDNATMutex.Lock()
+	defer m.portDNATMutex.Unlock()
+
+	m.portDNATRules = slices.DeleteFunc(m.portDNATRules, func(rule portDNATRule) bool {
+		return rule.protocol == protocol && rule.origPort == sourcePort && rule.targetPort == targetPort && rule.targetIP.Compare(targetIP) == 0
+	})
+
+	if len(m.portDNATRules) == 0 {
+		m.portDNATEnabled.Store(false)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveInboundDNAT removes an inbound DNAT rule.
+func (m *Manager) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+	var layerType gopacket.LayerType
+	switch protocol {
+	case firewall.ProtocolTCP:
+		layerType = layers.LayerTypeTCP
+	case firewall.ProtocolUDP:
+		layerType = layers.LayerTypeUDP
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported protocol: %s", protocol)
+	}
+
+	return m.removePortRedirection(localAddr, layerType, sourcePort, targetPort)
+}
+
+// translateInboundPortDNAT applies port-specific DNAT translation to inbound packets.
+func (m *Manager) translateInboundPortDNAT(packetData []byte, d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr) bool {
+	if !m.portDNATEnabled.Load() {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	switch d.decoded[1] {
+	case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
+		dstPort := uint16(d.tcp.DstPort)
+		return m.applyPortRule(packetData, d, srcIP, dstIP, dstPort, layers.LayerTypeTCP, m.rewriteTCPPort)
+	case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
+		dstPort := uint16(d.udp.DstPort)
+		return m.applyPortRule(packetData, d, netip.Addr{}, dstIP, dstPort, layers.LayerTypeUDP, m.rewriteUDPPort)
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+type portRewriteFunc func(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newPort uint16, portOffset int) error
+
+func (m *Manager) applyPortRule(packetData []byte, d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, port uint16, protocol gopacket.LayerType, rewriteFn portRewriteFunc) bool {
+	m.portDNATMutex.RLock()
+	defer m.portDNATMutex.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, rule := range m.portDNATRules {
+		if rule.protocol != protocol || rule.targetIP.Compare(dstIP) != 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if rule.targetPort == port && rule.targetIP.Compare(srcIP) == 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		if rule.origPort != port {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if err := rewriteFn(packetData, d, rule.targetPort, destinationPortOffset); err != nil {
+			m.logger.Error1("failed to rewrite port: %v", err)
+			return false
+		}
+		d.dnatOrigPort = rule.origPort
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// rewriteTCPPort rewrites a TCP port (source or destination) and updates checksum.
+func (m *Manager) rewriteTCPPort(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newPort uint16, portOffset int) error {
+	ipHeaderLen := int(d.ip4.IHL) * 4
+	if ipHeaderLen < 20 || ipHeaderLen > len(packetData) {
+		return errInvalidIPHeaderLength
+	}
+
+	tcpStart := ipHeaderLen
+	if len(packetData) < tcpStart+4 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("packet too short for TCP header")
+	}
+
+	portStart := tcpStart + portOffset
+	oldPort := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(packetData[portStart : portStart+2])
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[portStart:portStart+2], newPort)
+
+	if len(packetData) >= tcpStart+18 {
+		checksumOffset := tcpStart + 16
+		oldChecksum := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(packetData[checksumOffset : checksumOffset+2])
+
+		var oldPortBytes, newPortBytes [2]byte
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(oldPortBytes[:], oldPort)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(newPortBytes[:], newPort)
+
+		newChecksum := incrementalUpdate(oldChecksum, oldPortBytes[:], newPortBytes[:])
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[checksumOffset:checksumOffset+2], newChecksum)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// rewriteUDPPort rewrites a UDP port (source or destination) and updates checksum.
+func (m *Manager) rewriteUDPPort(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newPort uint16, portOffset int) error {
+	ipHeaderLen := int(d.ip4.IHL) * 4
+	if ipHeaderLen < 20 || ipHeaderLen > len(packetData) {
+		return errInvalidIPHeaderLength
+	}
+
+	udpStart := ipHeaderLen
+	if len(packetData) < udpStart+8 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("packet too short for UDP header")
+	}
+
+	portStart := udpStart + portOffset
+	oldPort := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(packetData[portStart : portStart+2])
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[portStart:portStart+2], newPort)
+
+	checksumOffset := udpStart + 6
+	if len(packetData) >= udpStart+8 {
+		oldChecksum := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(packetData[checksumOffset : checksumOffset+2])
+		if oldChecksum != 0 {
+			var oldPortBytes, newPortBytes [2]byte
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(oldPortBytes[:], oldPort)
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(newPortBytes[:], newPort)
+
+			newChecksum := incrementalUpdate(oldChecksum, oldPortBytes[:], newPortBytes[:])
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[checksumOffset:checksumOffset+2], newChecksum)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_bench_test.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 )
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ func BenchmarkDNATTranslation(b *testing.B) {
 		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
 			manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
 				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger)
+			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			require.NoError(b, err)
 			defer func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ func BenchmarkDNATTranslation(b *testing.B) {
 func BenchmarkDNATConcurrency(b *testing.B) {
 	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger)
+	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(b, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ func BenchmarkDNATScaling(b *testing.B) {
 		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("mappings_%d", count), func(b *testing.B) {
 			manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
 				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger)
+			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			require.NoError(b, err)
 			defer func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -309,7 +310,7 @@ func BenchmarkChecksumUpdate(b *testing.B) {
 func BenchmarkDNATMemoryAllocations(b *testing.B) {
 	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger)
+	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(b, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -414,3 +415,127 @@ func BenchmarkChecksumOptimizations(b *testing.B) {
 		}
 	})
 }
+
+// BenchmarkPortDNAT measures the performance of port DNAT operations
+func BenchmarkPortDNAT(b *testing.B) {
+	scenarios := []struct {
+		name         string
+		proto        layers.IPProtocol
+		setupDNAT    bool
+		useMatchPort bool
+		description  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "tcp_inbound_dnat_match",
+			proto:        layers.IPProtocolTCP,
+			setupDNAT:    true,
+			useMatchPort: true,
+			description:  "TCP inbound port DNAT translation (22 → 22022)",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "tcp_inbound_dnat_nomatch",
+			proto:        layers.IPProtocolTCP,
+			setupDNAT:    true,
+			useMatchPort: false,
+			description:  "TCP inbound with DNAT configured but no port match",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "tcp_inbound_no_dnat",
+			proto:        layers.IPProtocolTCP,
+			setupDNAT:    false,
+			useMatchPort: false,
+			description:  "TCP inbound without DNAT (baseline)",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "udp_inbound_dnat_match",
+			proto:        layers.IPProtocolUDP,
+			setupDNAT:    true,
+			useMatchPort: true,
+			description:  "UDP inbound port DNAT translation (5353 → 22054)",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "udp_inbound_dnat_nomatch",
+			proto:        layers.IPProtocolUDP,
+			setupDNAT:    true,
+			useMatchPort: false,
+			description:  "UDP inbound with DNAT configured but no port match",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "udp_inbound_no_dnat",
+			proto:        layers.IPProtocolUDP,
+			setupDNAT:    false,
+			useMatchPort: false,
+			description:  "UDP inbound without DNAT (baseline)",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, sc := range scenarios {
+		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
+			manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
+				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			require.NoError(b, err)
+			defer func() {
+				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
+			}()
+
+			// Set logger to error level to reduce noise during benchmarking
+			manager.SetLogLevel(log.ErrorLevel)
+			defer func() {
+				// Restore to info level after benchmark
+				manager.SetLogLevel(log.InfoLevel)
+			}()
+
+			localAddr := netip.MustParseAddr("100.0.2.175")
+			clientIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.0.169.249")
+
+			var origPort, targetPort, testPort uint16
+			if sc.proto == layers.IPProtocolTCP {
+				origPort, targetPort = 22, 22022
+			} else {
+				origPort, targetPort = 5353, 22054
+			}
+
+			if sc.useMatchPort {
+				testPort = origPort
+			} else {
+				testPort = 443 // Different port
+			}
+
+			// Setup port DNAT mapping if needed
+			if sc.setupDNAT {
+				err := manager.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocolToFirewall(sc.proto), origPort, targetPort)
+				require.NoError(b, err)
+			}
+
+			// Pre-establish inbound connection for outbound reverse test
+			if sc.setupDNAT && sc.useMatchPort {
+				inboundPacket := generateDNATTestPacket(b, clientIP, localAddr, sc.proto, 54321, origPort)
+				manager.filterInbound(inboundPacket, 0)
+			}
+
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+
+			// Benchmark inbound DNAT translation
+			b.Run("inbound", func(b *testing.B) {
+				for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+					// Create fresh packet each time
+					packet := generateDNATTestPacket(b, clientIP, localAddr, sc.proto, 54321, testPort)
+					manager.filterInbound(packet, 0)
+				}
+			})
+
+			// Benchmark outbound reverse DNAT translation (only if DNAT is set up and port matches)
+			if sc.setupDNAT && sc.useMatchPort {
+				b.Run("outbound_reverse", func(b *testing.B) {
+					for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+						// Create fresh return packet (from target port)
+						packet := generateDNATTestPacket(b, localAddr, clientIP, sc.proto, targetPort, 54321)
+						manager.filterOutbound(packet, 0)
+					}
+				})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_stateful_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package uspfilter
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
+)
+
+// TestPortDNATBasic tests basic port DNAT functionality
+func TestPortDNATBasic(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	}()
+
+	// Define peer IPs
+	peerA := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.50")
+	peerB := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.51")
+
+	// Add SSH port redirection rule for peer B (the target)
+	err = manager.addPortRedirection(peerB, layers.LayerTypeTCP, 22, 22022)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Scenario: Peer A connects to Peer B on port 22 (should get NAT)
+	packetAtoB := generateDNATTestPacket(t, peerA, peerB, layers.IPProtocolTCP, 54321, 22)
+	d := parsePacket(t, packetAtoB)
+	translatedAtoB := manager.translateInboundPortDNAT(packetAtoB, d, peerA, peerB)
+	require.True(t, translatedAtoB, "Peer A to Peer B should be translated (NAT applied)")
+
+	// Verify port was translated to 22022
+	d = parsePacket(t, packetAtoB)
+	require.Equal(t, uint16(22022), uint16(d.tcp.DstPort), "Port should be rewritten to 22022")
+
+	// Scenario: Return traffic from Peer B to Peer A should NOT be translated
+	// (prevents double NAT - original port stored in conntrack)
+	returnPacket := generateDNATTestPacket(t, peerB, peerA, layers.IPProtocolTCP, 22022, 54321)
+	d2 := parsePacket(t, returnPacket)
+	translatedReturn := manager.translateInboundPortDNAT(returnPacket, d2, peerB, peerA)
+	require.False(t, translatedReturn, "Return traffic from same IP should not be translated")
+}
+
+// TestPortDNATMultipleRules tests multiple port DNAT rules
+func TestPortDNATMultipleRules(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	}()
+
+	// Define peer IPs
+	peerA := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.50")
+	peerB := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.51")
+
+	// Add SSH port redirection rules for both peers
+	err = manager.addPortRedirection(peerA, layers.LayerTypeTCP, 22, 22022)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	err = manager.addPortRedirection(peerB, layers.LayerTypeTCP, 22, 22022)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Test traffic to peer B gets translated
+	packetToB := generateDNATTestPacket(t, peerA, peerB, layers.IPProtocolTCP, 54321, 22)
+	d1 := parsePacket(t, packetToB)
+	translatedToB := manager.translateInboundPortDNAT(packetToB, d1, peerA, peerB)
+	require.True(t, translatedToB, "Traffic to peer B should be translated")
+	d1 = parsePacket(t, packetToB)
+	require.Equal(t, uint16(22022), uint16(d1.tcp.DstPort), "Port should be 22022")
+
+	// Test traffic to peer A gets translated
+	packetToA := generateDNATTestPacket(t, peerB, peerA, layers.IPProtocolTCP, 54322, 22)
+	d2 := parsePacket(t, packetToA)
+	translatedToA := manager.translateInboundPortDNAT(packetToA, d2, peerB, peerA)
+	require.True(t, translatedToA, "Traffic to peer A should be translated")
+	d2 = parsePacket(t, packetToA)
+	require.Equal(t, uint16(22022), uint16(d2.tcp.DstPort), "Port should be 22022")
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 )
 
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 func TestDNATTranslationCorrectness(t *testing.T) {
 	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger)
+	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@ func parsePacket(t testing.TB, packetData []byte) *decoder {
 func TestDNATMappingManagement(t *testing.T) {
 	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger)
+	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -143,3 +145,111 @@ func TestDNATMappingManagement(t *testing.T) {
 	err = manager.RemoveInternalDNATMapping(originalIP)
 	require.Error(t, err, "Should error when removing non-existent mapping")
 }
+
+func TestInboundPortDNAT(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	}()
+
+	localAddr := netip.MustParseAddr("100.0.2.175")
+	clientIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.0.169.249")
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name       string
+		protocol   layers.IPProtocol
+		sourcePort uint16
+		targetPort uint16
+	}{
+		{"TCP SSH", layers.IPProtocolTCP, 22, 22022},
+		{"UDP DNS", layers.IPProtocolUDP, 5353, 22054},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := manager.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocolToFirewall(tc.protocol), tc.sourcePort, tc.targetPort)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			inboundPacket := generateDNATTestPacket(t, clientIP, localAddr, tc.protocol, 54321, tc.sourcePort)
+			d := parsePacket(t, inboundPacket)
+
+			translated := manager.translateInboundPortDNAT(inboundPacket, d, clientIP, localAddr)
+			require.True(t, translated, "Inbound packet should be translated")
+
+			d = parsePacket(t, inboundPacket)
+			var dstPort uint16
+			switch tc.protocol {
+			case layers.IPProtocolTCP:
+				dstPort = uint16(d.tcp.DstPort)
+			case layers.IPProtocolUDP:
+				dstPort = uint16(d.udp.DstPort)
+			}
+
+			require.Equal(t, tc.targetPort, dstPort, "Destination port should be rewritten to target port")
+
+			err = manager.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocolToFirewall(tc.protocol), tc.sourcePort, tc.targetPort)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInboundPortDNATNegative(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	}()
+
+	localAddr := netip.MustParseAddr("100.0.2.175")
+	clientIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.0.169.249")
+
+	err = manager.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, firewall.ProtocolTCP, 22, 22022)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		protocol layers.IPProtocol
+		srcIP    netip.Addr
+		dstIP    netip.Addr
+		srcPort  uint16
+		dstPort  uint16
+	}{
+		{"Wrong port", layers.IPProtocolTCP, clientIP, localAddr, 54321, 80},
+		{"Wrong IP", layers.IPProtocolTCP, clientIP, netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.99"), 54321, 22},
+		{"Wrong protocol", layers.IPProtocolUDP, clientIP, localAddr, 54321, 22},
+		{"ICMP", layers.IPProtocolICMPv4, clientIP, localAddr, 0, 0},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			packet := generateDNATTestPacket(t, tc.srcIP, tc.dstIP, tc.protocol, tc.srcPort, tc.dstPort)
+			d := parsePacket(t, packet)
+
+			translated := manager.translateInboundPortDNAT(packet, d, tc.srcIP, tc.dstIP)
+			require.False(t, translated, "Packet should NOT be translated for %s", tc.name)
+
+			d = parsePacket(t, packet)
+			if tc.protocol == layers.IPProtocolTCP {
+				require.Equal(t, tc.dstPort, uint16(d.tcp.DstPort), "Port should remain unchanged")
+			} else if tc.protocol == layers.IPProtocolUDP {
+				require.Equal(t, tc.dstPort, uint16(d.udp.DstPort), "Port should remain unchanged")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func protocolToFirewall(proto layers.IPProtocol) firewall.Protocol {
+	switch proto {
+	case layers.IPProtocolTCP:
+		return firewall.ProtocolTCP
+	case layers.IPProtocolUDP:
+		return firewall.ProtocolUDP
+	default:
+		return firewall.ProtocolALL
+	}
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/tracer.go

@@ -16,25 +16,33 @@ type PacketStage int
 
 const (
 	StageReceived PacketStage = iota
+	StageInboundPortDNAT
+	StageInbound1to1NAT
 	StageConntrack
 	StagePeerACL
 	StageRouting
 	StageRouteACL
 	StageForwarding
 	StageCompleted
+	StageOutbound1to1NAT
+	StageOutboundPortReverse
 )
 
 const msgProcessingCompleted = "Processing completed"
 
 func (s PacketStage) String() string {
 	return map[PacketStage]string{
-		StageReceived:   "Received",
-		StageConntrack:  "Connection Tracking",
-		StagePeerACL:    "Peer ACL",
-		StageRouting:    "Routing",
-		StageRouteACL:   "Route ACL",
-		StageForwarding: "Forwarding",
-		StageCompleted:  "Completed",
+		StageReceived:            "Received",
+		StageInboundPortDNAT:     "Inbound Port DNAT",
+		StageInbound1to1NAT:      "Inbound 1:1 NAT",
+		StageConntrack:           "Connection Tracking",
+		StagePeerACL:             "Peer ACL",
+		StageRouting:             "Routing",
+		StageRouteACL:            "Route ACL",
+		StageForwarding:          "Forwarding",
+		StageCompleted:           "Completed",
+		StageOutbound1to1NAT:     "Outbound 1:1 NAT",
+		StageOutboundPortReverse: "Outbound DNAT Reverse",
 	}[s]
 }
 
@@ -261,6 +269,10 @@ func (m *Manager) TracePacket(packetData []byte, direction fw.RuleDirection) *Pa
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) traceInbound(packetData []byte, trace *PacketTrace, d *decoder, srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr) *PacketTrace {
+	if m.handleInboundDNAT(trace, packetData, d, &srcIP, &dstIP) {
+		return trace
+	}
+
 	if m.stateful && m.handleConntrackState(trace, d, srcIP, dstIP) {
 		return trace
 	}
@@ -400,7 +412,16 @@ func (m *Manager) addForwardingResult(trace *PacketTrace, action, remoteAddr str
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) traceOutbound(packetData []byte, trace *PacketTrace) *PacketTrace {
-	// will create or update the connection state
+	d := m.decoders.Get().(*decoder)
+	defer m.decoders.Put(d)
+
+	if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
+		trace.AddResult(StageCompleted, "Packet dropped - decode error", false)
+		return trace
+	}
+
+	m.handleOutboundDNAT(trace, packetData, d)
+
 	dropped := m.filterOutbound(packetData, 0)
 	if dropped {
 		trace.AddResult(StageCompleted, "Packet dropped by outgoing hook", false)
@@ -409,3 +430,199 @@ func (m *Manager) traceOutbound(packetData []byte, trace *PacketTrace) *PacketTr
 	}
 	return trace
 }
+
+func (m *Manager) handleInboundDNAT(trace *PacketTrace, packetData []byte, d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP *netip.Addr) bool {
+	portDNATApplied := m.traceInboundPortDNAT(trace, packetData, d)
+	if portDNATApplied {
+		if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
+			trace.AddResult(StageInboundPortDNAT, "Failed to re-decode after port DNAT", false)
+			return true
+		}
+		*srcIP, *dstIP = m.extractIPs(d)
+		trace.DestinationPort = m.getDestPort(d)
+	}
+
+	nat1to1Applied := m.traceInbound1to1NAT(trace, packetData, d)
+	if nat1to1Applied {
+		if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
+			trace.AddResult(StageInbound1to1NAT, "Failed to re-decode after 1:1 NAT", false)
+			return true
+		}
+		*srcIP, *dstIP = m.extractIPs(d)
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) traceInboundPortDNAT(trace *PacketTrace, packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
+	if !m.portDNATEnabled.Load() {
+		trace.AddResult(StageInboundPortDNAT, "Port DNAT not enabled", true)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if len(packetData) < 20 || d.decoded[0] != layers.LayerTypeIPv4 {
+		trace.AddResult(StageInboundPortDNAT, "Not IPv4, skipping port DNAT", true)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if len(d.decoded) < 2 {
+		trace.AddResult(StageInboundPortDNAT, "No transport layer, skipping port DNAT", true)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	protocol := d.decoded[1]
+	if protocol != layers.LayerTypeTCP && protocol != layers.LayerTypeUDP {
+		trace.AddResult(StageInboundPortDNAT, "Not TCP/UDP, skipping port DNAT", true)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	srcIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[12], packetData[13], packetData[14], packetData[15]})
+	dstIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[16], packetData[17], packetData[18], packetData[19]})
+	var originalPort uint16
+	if protocol == layers.LayerTypeTCP {
+		originalPort = uint16(d.tcp.DstPort)
+	} else {
+		originalPort = uint16(d.udp.DstPort)
+	}
+
+	translated := m.translateInboundPortDNAT(packetData, d, srcIP, dstIP)
+	if translated {
+		ipHeaderLen := int((packetData[0] & 0x0F) * 4)
+		translatedPort := uint16(packetData[ipHeaderLen+2])<<8 | uint16(packetData[ipHeaderLen+3])
+
+		protoStr := "TCP"
+		if protocol == layers.LayerTypeUDP {
+			protoStr = "UDP"
+		}
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("%s port DNAT applied: %s:%d -> %s:%d", protoStr, dstIP, originalPort, dstIP, translatedPort)
+		trace.AddResult(StageInboundPortDNAT, msg, true)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	trace.AddResult(StageInboundPortDNAT, "No matching port DNAT rule", true)
+	return false
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) traceInbound1to1NAT(trace *PacketTrace, packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
+	if !m.dnatEnabled.Load() {
+		trace.AddResult(StageInbound1to1NAT, "1:1 NAT not enabled", true)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	srcIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[12], packetData[13], packetData[14], packetData[15]})
+
+	translated := m.translateInboundReverse(packetData, d)
+	if translated {
+		m.dnatMutex.RLock()
+		translatedIP, exists := m.dnatBiMap.getOriginal(srcIP)
+		m.dnatMutex.RUnlock()
+
+		if exists {
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("1:1 NAT reverse applied: %s -> %s", srcIP, translatedIP)
+			trace.AddResult(StageInbound1to1NAT, msg, true)
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	trace.AddResult(StageInbound1to1NAT, "No matching 1:1 NAT rule", true)
+	return false
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) handleOutboundDNAT(trace *PacketTrace, packetData []byte, d *decoder) {
+	m.traceOutbound1to1NAT(trace, packetData, d)
+	m.traceOutboundPortReverse(trace, packetData, d)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) traceOutbound1to1NAT(trace *PacketTrace, packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
+	if !m.dnatEnabled.Load() {
+		trace.AddResult(StageOutbound1to1NAT, "1:1 NAT not enabled", true)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	dstIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[16], packetData[17], packetData[18], packetData[19]})
+
+	translated := m.translateOutboundDNAT(packetData, d)
+	if translated {
+		m.dnatMutex.RLock()
+		translatedIP, exists := m.dnatMappings[dstIP]
+		m.dnatMutex.RUnlock()
+
+		if exists {
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("1:1 NAT applied: %s -> %s", dstIP, translatedIP)
+			trace.AddResult(StageOutbound1to1NAT, msg, true)
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	trace.AddResult(StageOutbound1to1NAT, "No matching 1:1 NAT rule", true)
+	return false
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) traceOutboundPortReverse(trace *PacketTrace, packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
+	if !m.portDNATEnabled.Load() {
+		trace.AddResult(StageOutboundPortReverse, "Port DNAT not enabled", true)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if len(packetData) < 20 || d.decoded[0] != layers.LayerTypeIPv4 {
+		trace.AddResult(StageOutboundPortReverse, "Not IPv4, skipping port reverse", true)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if len(d.decoded) < 2 {
+		trace.AddResult(StageOutboundPortReverse, "No transport layer, skipping port reverse", true)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	srcIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[12], packetData[13], packetData[14], packetData[15]})
+	dstIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[16], packetData[17], packetData[18], packetData[19]})
+
+	var origPort uint16
+	transport := d.decoded[1]
+	switch transport {
+	case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
+		srcPort := uint16(d.tcp.SrcPort)
+		dstPort := uint16(d.tcp.DstPort)
+		conn, exists := m.tcpTracker.GetConnection(dstIP, dstPort, srcIP, srcPort)
+		if exists {
+			origPort = uint16(conn.DNATOrigPort.Load())
+		}
+		if origPort != 0 {
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("TCP DNAT reverse (tracked connection): %s:%d -> %s:%d", srcIP, srcPort, srcIP, origPort)
+			trace.AddResult(StageOutboundPortReverse, msg, true)
+			return true
+		}
+	case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
+		srcPort := uint16(d.udp.SrcPort)
+		dstPort := uint16(d.udp.DstPort)
+		conn, exists := m.udpTracker.GetConnection(dstIP, dstPort, srcIP, srcPort)
+		if exists {
+			origPort = uint16(conn.DNATOrigPort.Load())
+		}
+		if origPort != 0 {
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("UDP DNAT reverse (tracked connection): %s:%d -> %s:%d", srcIP, srcPort, srcIP, origPort)
+			trace.AddResult(StageOutboundPortReverse, msg, true)
+			return true
+		}
+	default:
+		trace.AddResult(StageOutboundPortReverse, "Not TCP/UDP, skipping port reverse", true)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	trace.AddResult(StageOutboundPortReverse, "No tracked connection for DNAT reverse", true)
+	return false
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) getDestPort(d *decoder) uint16 {
+	if len(d.decoded) < 2 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	switch d.decoded[1] {
+	case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
+		return uint16(d.tcp.DstPort)
+	case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
+		return uint16(d.udp.DstPort)
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}

client/firewall/uspfilter/tracer_test.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 )
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		}
 
-		m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger)
+		m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		if !statefulMode {
@@ -104,6 +105,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageConntrack,
 				StageRouting,
 				StagePeerACL,
@@ -126,6 +129,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageConntrack,
 				StageRouting,
 				StagePeerACL,
@@ -153,6 +158,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageConntrack,
 				StageRouting,
 				StagePeerACL,
@@ -179,6 +186,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageConntrack,
 				StageRouting,
 				StagePeerACL,
@@ -204,6 +213,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageConntrack,
 				StageRouting,
 				StageRouteACL,
@@ -228,6 +239,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageConntrack,
 				StageRouting,
 				StageRouteACL,
@@ -246,6 +259,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageConntrack,
 				StageRouting,
 				StageRouteACL,
@@ -264,6 +279,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageConntrack,
 				StageRouting,
 				StageCompleted,
@@ -287,6 +304,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageConntrack,
 				StageCompleted,
 			},
@@ -301,6 +320,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageOutbound1to1NAT,
+				StageOutboundPortReverse,
 				StageCompleted,
 			},
 			expectedAllow: true,
@@ -319,6 +340,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageConntrack,
 				StageRouting,
 				StagePeerACL,
@@ -340,6 +363,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageConntrack,
 				StageRouting,
 				StagePeerACL,
@@ -362,6 +387,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageConntrack,
 				StageRouting,
 				StagePeerACL,
@@ -382,6 +409,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageConntrack,
 				StageRouting,
 				StagePeerACL,
@@ -406,6 +435,8 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedStages: []PacketStage{
 				StageReceived,
+				StageInboundPortDNAT,
+				StageInbound1to1NAT,
 				StageRouting,
 				StagePeerACL,
 				StageCompleted,

client/grpc/dialer.go

@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"runtime"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/connectivity"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
@@ -17,6 +20,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/embeddedroots"
 )
 
+// ErrConnectionShutdown indicates that the connection entered shutdown state before becoming ready
+var ErrConnectionShutdown = errors.New("connection shutdown before ready")
+
 // Backoff returns a backoff configuration for gRPC calls
 func Backoff(ctx context.Context) backoff.BackOff {
 	b := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()
@@ -25,11 +31,32 @@ func Backoff(ctx context.Context) backoff.BackOff {
 	return backoff.WithContext(b, ctx)
 }
 
+// waitForConnectionReady blocks until the connection becomes ready or fails.
+// Returns an error if the connection times out, is cancelled, or enters shutdown state.
+func waitForConnectionReady(ctx context.Context, conn *grpc.ClientConn) error {
+	conn.Connect()
+
+	state := conn.GetState()
+	for state != connectivity.Ready && state != connectivity.Shutdown {
+		if !conn.WaitForStateChange(ctx, state) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("wait state change from %s: %w", state, ctx.Err())
+		}
+		state = conn.GetState()
+	}
+
+	if state == connectivity.Shutdown {
+		return ErrConnectionShutdown
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // CreateConnection creates a gRPC client connection with the appropriate transport options.
 // The component parameter specifies the WebSocket proxy component path (e.g., "/management", "/signal").
 func CreateConnection(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsEnabled bool, component string) (*grpc.ClientConn, error) {
 	transportOption := grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials())
-	if tlsEnabled {
+	// for js, the outer websocket layer takes care of tls
+	if tlsEnabled && runtime.GOOS != "js" {
 		certPool, err := x509.SystemCertPool()
 		if err != nil || certPool == nil {
 			log.Debugf("System cert pool not available; falling back to embedded cert, error: %v", err)
@@ -37,28 +64,28 @@ func CreateConnection(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsEnabled bool, compone
 		}
 
 		transportOption = grpc.WithTransportCredentials(credentials.NewTLS(&tls.Config{
-			// for js, outer websocket layer takes care of tls verification via WithCustomDialer
-			InsecureSkipVerify: runtime.GOOS == "js",
-			RootCAs:            certPool,
+			RootCAs: certPool,
 		}))
 	}
 
-	connCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	conn, err := grpc.DialContext(
-		connCtx,
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(
 		addr,
 		transportOption,
 		WithCustomDialer(tlsEnabled, component),
-		grpc.WithBlock(),
 		grpc.WithKeepaliveParams(keepalive.ClientParameters{
 			Time:    30 * time.Second,
 			Timeout: 10 * time.Second,
 		}),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("DialContext error: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("new client: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := waitForConnectionReady(ctx, conn); err != nil {
+		_ = conn.Close()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 

client/grpc/dialer_generic.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 )
 
-func WithCustomDialer(tlsEnabled bool, component string) grpc.DialOption {
+func WithCustomDialer(_ bool, _ string) grpc.DialOption {
 	return grpc.WithContextDialer(func(ctx context.Context, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
 		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
 			currentUser, err := user.Current()
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ func WithCustomDialer(tlsEnabled bool, component string) grpc.DialOption {
 
 		conn, err := nbnet.NewDialer().DialContext(ctx, "tcp", addr)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Failed to dial: %s", err)
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("nbnet.NewDialer().DialContext: %w", err)
 		}
 		return conn, nil

client/iface/configurer/kernel_unix.go

@@ -73,6 +73,44 @@ func (c *KernelConfigurer) UpdatePeer(peerKey string, allowedIps []netip.Prefix,
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (c *KernelConfigurer) RemoveEndpointAddress(peerKey string) error {
+	peerKeyParsed, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(peerKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Get the existing peer to preserve its allowed IPs
+	existingPeer, err := c.getPeer(c.deviceName, peerKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get peer: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	removePeerCfg := wgtypes.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey: peerKeyParsed,
+		Remove:    true,
+	}
+
+	if err := c.configure(wgtypes.Config{Peers: []wgtypes.PeerConfig{removePeerCfg}}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(`error removing peer %s from interface %s: %w`, peerKey, c.deviceName, err)
+	}
+
+	//Re-add the peer without the endpoint but same AllowedIPs
+	reAddPeerCfg := wgtypes.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey:         peerKeyParsed,
+		AllowedIPs:        existingPeer.AllowedIPs,
+		ReplaceAllowedIPs: true,
+	}
+
+	if err := c.configure(wgtypes.Config{Peers: []wgtypes.PeerConfig{reAddPeerCfg}}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(
+			`error re-adding peer %s to interface %s with allowed IPs %v: %w`,
+			peerKey, c.deviceName, existingPeer.AllowedIPs, err,
+		)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (c *KernelConfigurer) RemovePeer(peerKey string) error {
 	peerKeyParsed, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(peerKey)
 	if err != nil {

client/iface/configurer/usp.go

@@ -106,6 +106,67 @@ func (c *WGUSPConfigurer) UpdatePeer(peerKey string, allowedIps []netip.Prefix,
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (c *WGUSPConfigurer) RemoveEndpointAddress(peerKey string) error {
+	peerKeyParsed, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(peerKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse peer key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ipcStr, err := c.device.IpcGet()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get IPC config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Parse current status to get allowed IPs for the peer
+	stats, err := parseStatus(c.deviceName, ipcStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse IPC config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var allowedIPs []net.IPNet
+	found := false
+	for _, peer := range stats.Peers {
+		if peer.PublicKey == peerKey {
+			allowedIPs = peer.AllowedIPs
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		return fmt.Errorf("peer %s not found", peerKey)
+	}
+
+	// remove the peer from the WireGuard configuration
+	peer := wgtypes.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey: peerKeyParsed,
+		Remove:    true,
+	}
+
+	config := wgtypes.Config{
+		Peers: []wgtypes.PeerConfig{peer},
+	}
+	if ipcErr := c.device.IpcSet(toWgUserspaceString(config)); ipcErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove peer: %s", ipcErr)
+	}
+
+	// Build the peer config
+	peer = wgtypes.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey:         peerKeyParsed,
+		ReplaceAllowedIPs: true,
+		AllowedIPs:        allowedIPs,
+	}
+
+	config = wgtypes.Config{
+		Peers: []wgtypes.PeerConfig{peer},
+	}
+
+	if err := c.device.IpcSet(toWgUserspaceString(config)); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove endpoint address: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (c *WGUSPConfigurer) RemovePeer(peerKey string) error {
 	peerKeyParsed, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(peerKey)
 	if err != nil {

client/iface/device.go

@@ -23,4 +23,5 @@ type WGTunDevice interface {
 	FilteredDevice() *device.FilteredDevice
 	Device() *wgdevice.Device
 	GetNet() *netstack.Net
+	GetICEBind() device.EndpointManager
 }

client/iface/device/device_android.go

@@ -150,6 +150,11 @@ func (t *WGTunDevice) GetNet() *netstack.Net {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// GetICEBind returns the ICEBind instance
+func (t *WGTunDevice) GetICEBind() EndpointManager {
+	return t.iceBind
+}
+
 func routesToString(routes []string) string {
 	return strings.Join(routes, ";")
 }

client/iface/device/device_darwin.go

@@ -154,3 +154,8 @@ func (t *TunDevice) assignAddr() error {
 func (t *TunDevice) GetNet() *netstack.Net {
 	return nil
 }
+
+// GetICEBind returns the ICEBind instance
+func (t *TunDevice) GetICEBind() EndpointManager {
+	return t.iceBind
+}

client/iface/device/device_ios.go

@@ -144,3 +144,8 @@ func (t *TunDevice) FilteredDevice() *FilteredDevice {
 func (t *TunDevice) GetNet() *netstack.Net {
 	return nil
 }
+
+// GetICEBind returns the ICEBind instance
+func (t *TunDevice) GetICEBind() EndpointManager {
+	return t.iceBind
+}

client/iface/device/device_kernel_unix.go

@@ -179,3 +179,8 @@ func (t *TunKernelDevice) assignAddr() error {
 func (t *TunKernelDevice) GetNet() *netstack.Net {
 	return nil
 }
+
+// GetICEBind returns nil for kernel mode devices
+func (t *TunKernelDevice) GetICEBind() EndpointManager {
+	return nil
+}

client/iface/device/device_netstack.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ type Bind interface {
 	conn.Bind
 	GetICEMux() (*udpmux.UniversalUDPMuxDefault, error)
 	ActivityRecorder() *bind.ActivityRecorder
+	EndpointManager
 }
 
 type TunNetstackDevice struct {
@@ -155,3 +156,8 @@ func (t *TunNetstackDevice) Device() *device.Device {
 func (t *TunNetstackDevice) GetNet() *netstack.Net {
 	return t.net
 }
+
+// GetICEBind returns the bind instance
+func (t *TunNetstackDevice) GetICEBind() EndpointManager {
+	return t.bind
+}

client/iface/device/device_usp_unix.go

@@ -146,3 +146,8 @@ func (t *USPDevice) assignAddr() error {
 func (t *USPDevice) GetNet() *netstack.Net {
 	return nil
 }
+
+// GetICEBind returns the ICEBind instance
+func (t *USPDevice) GetICEBind() EndpointManager {
+	return t.iceBind
+}

client/iface/device/device_windows.go

@@ -185,3 +185,8 @@ func (t *TunDevice) assignAddr() error {
 func (t *TunDevice) GetNet() *netstack.Net {
 	return nil
 }
+
+// GetICEBind returns the ICEBind instance
+func (t *TunDevice) GetICEBind() EndpointManager {
+	return t.iceBind
+}

client/iface/device/endpoint_manager.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package device
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+)
+
+// EndpointManager manages fake IP to connection mappings for userspace bind implementations.
+// Implemented by bind.ICEBind and bind.RelayBindJS.
+type EndpointManager interface {
+	SetEndpoint(fakeIP netip.Addr, conn net.Conn)
+	RemoveEndpoint(fakeIP netip.Addr)
+}

client/iface/device/interface.go

@@ -21,4 +21,5 @@ type WGConfigurer interface {
 	GetStats() (map[string]configurer.WGStats, error)
 	FullStats() (*configurer.Stats, error)
 	LastActivities() map[string]monotime.Time
+	RemoveEndpointAddress(peerKey string) error
 }

client/iface/device_android.go

@@ -21,4 +21,5 @@ type WGTunDevice interface {
 	FilteredDevice() *device.FilteredDevice
 	Device() *wgdevice.Device
 	GetNet() *netstack.Net
+	GetICEBind() device.EndpointManager
 }

client/iface/iface.go

@@ -80,6 +80,17 @@ func (w *WGIface) GetProxy() wgproxy.Proxy {
 	return w.wgProxyFactory.GetProxy()
 }
 
+// GetBind returns the EndpointManager userspace bind mode.
+func (w *WGIface) GetBind() device.EndpointManager {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	defer w.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if w.tun == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return w.tun.GetICEBind()
+}
+
 // IsUserspaceBind indicates whether this interfaces is userspace with bind.ICEBind
 func (w *WGIface) IsUserspaceBind() bool {
 	return w.userspaceBind
@@ -148,6 +159,17 @@ func (w *WGIface) UpdatePeer(peerKey string, allowedIps []netip.Prefix, keepAliv
 	return w.configurer.UpdatePeer(peerKey, allowedIps, keepAlive, endpoint, preSharedKey)
 }
 
+func (w *WGIface) RemoveEndpointAddress(peerKey string) error {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	defer w.mu.Unlock()
+	if w.configurer == nil {
+		return ErrIfaceNotFound
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("Removing endpoint address: %s", peerKey)
+	return w.configurer.RemoveEndpointAddress(peerKey)
+}
+
 // RemovePeer removes a Wireguard Peer from the interface iface
 func (w *WGIface) RemovePeer(peerKey string) error {
 	w.mu.Lock()

client/internal/acl/manager.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/id"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
@@ -29,11 +28,6 @@ type Manager interface {
 	ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap, dnsRouteFeatureFlag bool)
 }
 
-type protoMatch struct {
-	ips      map[string]int
-	policyID []byte
-}
-
 // DefaultManager uses firewall manager to handle
 type DefaultManager struct {
 	firewall       firewall.Manager
@@ -86,30 +80,7 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap, dnsRout
 }
 
 func (d *DefaultManager) applyPeerACLs(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) {
-	rules, squashedProtocols := d.squashAcceptRules(networkMap)
-
-	enableSSH := networkMap.PeerConfig != nil &&
-		networkMap.PeerConfig.SshConfig != nil &&
-		networkMap.PeerConfig.SshConfig.SshEnabled
-	if _, ok := squashedProtocols[mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL]; ok {
-		enableSSH = enableSSH && !ok
-	}
-	if _, ok := squashedProtocols[mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP]; ok {
-		enableSSH = enableSSH && !ok
-	}
-
-	// if TCP protocol rules not squashed and SSH enabled
-	// we add default firewall rule which accepts connection to any peer
-	// in the network by SSH (TCP 22 port).
-	if enableSSH {
-		rules = append(rules, &mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-			PeerIP:    "0.0.0.0",
-			Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-			Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-			Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-			Port:      strconv.Itoa(ssh.DefaultSSHPort),
-		})
-	}
+	rules := networkMap.FirewallRules
 
 	// if we got empty rules list but management not set networkMap.FirewallRulesIsEmpty flag
 	// we have old version of management without rules handling, we should allow all traffic
@@ -368,145 +339,6 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) getPeerRuleID(
 	return id.RuleID(hex.EncodeToString(md5.New().Sum([]byte(idStr))))
 }
 
-// squashAcceptRules does complex logic to convert many rules which allows connection by traffic type
-// to all peers in the network map to one rule which just accepts that type of the traffic.
-//
-// NOTE: It will not squash two rules for same protocol if one covers all peers in the network,
-// but other has port definitions or has drop policy.
-func (d *DefaultManager) squashAcceptRules(
-	networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap,
-) ([]*mgmProto.FirewallRule, map[mgmProto.RuleProtocol]struct{}) {
-	totalIPs := 0
-	for _, p := range append(networkMap.RemotePeers, networkMap.OfflinePeers...) {
-		for range p.AllowedIps {
-			totalIPs++
-		}
-	}
-
-	in := map[mgmProto.RuleProtocol]*protoMatch{}
-	out := map[mgmProto.RuleProtocol]*protoMatch{}
-
-	// trace which type of protocols was squashed
-	squashedRules := []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{}
-	squashedProtocols := map[mgmProto.RuleProtocol]struct{}{}
-
-	// this function we use to do calculation, can we squash the rules by protocol or not.
-	// We summ amount of Peers IP for given protocol we found in original rules list.
-	// But we zeroed the IP's for protocol if:
-	// 1. Any of the rule has DROP action type.
-	// 2. Any of rule contains Port.
-	//
-	// We zeroed this to notify squash function that this protocol can't be squashed.
-	addRuleToCalculationMap := func(i int, r *mgmProto.FirewallRule, protocols map[mgmProto.RuleProtocol]*protoMatch) {
-		hasPortRestrictions := r.Action == mgmProto.RuleAction_DROP ||
-			r.Port != "" || !portInfoEmpty(r.PortInfo)
-
-		if hasPortRestrictions {
-			// Don't squash rules with port restrictions
-			protocols[r.Protocol] = &protoMatch{ips: map[string]int{}}
-			return
-		}
-
-		if _, ok := protocols[r.Protocol]; !ok {
-			protocols[r.Protocol] = &protoMatch{
-				ips: map[string]int{},
-				// store the first encountered PolicyID for this protocol
-				policyID: r.PolicyID,
-			}
-		}
-
-		// special case, when we receive this all network IP address
-		// it means that rules for that protocol was already optimized on the
-		// management side
-		if r.PeerIP == "0.0.0.0" {
-			squashedRules = append(squashedRules, r)
-			squashedProtocols[r.Protocol] = struct{}{}
-			return
-		}
-
-		ipset := protocols[r.Protocol].ips
-
-		if _, ok := ipset[r.PeerIP]; ok {
-			return
-		}
-		ipset[r.PeerIP] = i
-	}
-
-	for i, r := range networkMap.FirewallRules {
-		// calculate squash for different directions
-		if r.Direction == mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN {
-			addRuleToCalculationMap(i, r, in)
-		} else {
-			addRuleToCalculationMap(i, r, out)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// order of squashing by protocol is important
-	// only for their first element ALL, it must be done first
-	protocolOrders := []mgmProto.RuleProtocol{
-		mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-		mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ICMP,
-		mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-		mgmProto.RuleProtocol_UDP,
-	}
-
-	squash := func(matches map[mgmProto.RuleProtocol]*protoMatch, direction mgmProto.RuleDirection) {
-		for _, protocol := range protocolOrders {
-			match, ok := matches[protocol]
-			if !ok || len(match.ips) != totalIPs || len(match.ips) < 2 {
-				// don't squash if :
-				// 1. Rules not cover all peers in the network
-				// 2. Rules cover only one peer in the network.
-				continue
-			}
-
-			// add special rule 0.0.0.0 which allows all IP's in our firewall implementations
-			squashedRules = append(squashedRules, &mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-				PeerIP:    "0.0.0.0",
-				Direction: direction,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  protocol,
-				PolicyID:  match.policyID,
-			})
-			squashedProtocols[protocol] = struct{}{}
-
-			if protocol == mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL {
-				// if we have ALL traffic type squashed rule
-				// it allows all other type of traffic, so we can stop processing
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	squash(in, mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN)
-	squash(out, mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT)
-
-	// if all protocol was squashed everything is allow and we can ignore all other rules
-	if _, ok := squashedProtocols[mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL]; ok {
-		return squashedRules, squashedProtocols
-	}
-
-	if len(squashedRules) == 0 {
-		return networkMap.FirewallRules, squashedProtocols
-	}
-
-	var rules []*mgmProto.FirewallRule
-	// filter out rules which was squashed from final list
-	// if we also have other not squashed rules.
-	for i, r := range networkMap.FirewallRules {
-		if _, ok := squashedProtocols[r.Protocol]; ok {
-			if m, ok := in[r.Protocol]; ok && m.ips[r.PeerIP] == i {
-				continue
-			} else if m, ok := out[r.Protocol]; ok && m.ips[r.PeerIP] == i {
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-		rules = append(rules, r)
-	}
-
-	return append(rules, squashedRules...), squashedProtocols
-}
-
 // getRuleGroupingSelector takes all rule properties except IP address to build selector
 func (d *DefaultManager) getRuleGroupingSelector(rule *mgmProto.FirewallRule) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%v:%v:%v:%s:%v", strconv.Itoa(int(rule.Direction)), rule.Action, rule.Protocol, rule.Port, rule.PortInfo)

client/internal/acl/manager_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/mocks"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow"
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ func TestDefaultManager(t *testing.T) {
 	}).AnyTimes()
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().GetWGDevice().Return(nil).AnyTimes()
 
-	fw, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false)
+	fw, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		err = fw.Close(nil)
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ func TestDefaultManagerStateless(t *testing.T) {
 	}).AnyTimes()
 	ifaceMock.EXPECT().GetWGDevice().Return(nil).AnyTimes()
 
-	fw, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false)
+	fw, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		err = fw.Close(nil)
@@ -188,492 +189,6 @@ func TestDefaultManagerStateless(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-func TestDefaultManagerSquashRules(t *testing.T) {
-	networkMap := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{
-		RemotePeers: []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig{
-			{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.1"}},
-			{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.2"}},
-			{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.3"}},
-			{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.4"}},
-		},
-		FirewallRules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.4",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.4",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	manager := &DefaultManager{}
-	rules, _ := manager.squashAcceptRules(networkMap)
-	assert.Equal(t, 2, len(rules))
-
-	r := rules[0]
-	assert.Equal(t, "0.0.0.0", r.PeerIP)
-	assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN, r.Direction)
-	assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL, r.Protocol)
-	assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT, r.Action)
-
-	r = rules[1]
-	assert.Equal(t, "0.0.0.0", r.PeerIP)
-	assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT, r.Direction)
-	assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL, r.Protocol)
-	assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT, r.Action)
-}
-
-func TestDefaultManagerSquashRulesNoAffect(t *testing.T) {
-	networkMap := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{
-		RemotePeers: []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig{
-			{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.1"}},
-			{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.2"}},
-			{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.3"}},
-			{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.4"}},
-		},
-		FirewallRules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.4",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.4",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_UDP,
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	manager := &DefaultManager{}
-	rules, _ := manager.squashAcceptRules(networkMap)
-	assert.Equal(t, len(networkMap.FirewallRules), len(rules))
-}
-
-func TestDefaultManagerSquashRulesWithPortRestrictions(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name          string
-		rules         []*mgmProto.FirewallRule
-		expectedCount int
-		description   string
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "should not squash rules with port ranges",
-			rules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					PortInfo: &mgmProto.PortInfo{
-						PortSelection: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Range_{
-							Range: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Range{
-								Start: 8080,
-								End:   8090,
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					PortInfo: &mgmProto.PortInfo{
-						PortSelection: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Range_{
-							Range: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Range{
-								Start: 8080,
-								End:   8090,
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					PortInfo: &mgmProto.PortInfo{
-						PortSelection: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Range_{
-							Range: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Range{
-								Start: 8080,
-								End:   8090,
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.4",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					PortInfo: &mgmProto.PortInfo{
-						PortSelection: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Range_{
-							Range: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Range{
-								Start: 8080,
-								End:   8090,
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedCount: 4,
-			description:   "Rules with port ranges should not be squashed even if they cover all peers",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "should not squash rules with specific ports",
-			rules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					PortInfo: &mgmProto.PortInfo{
-						PortSelection: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Port{
-							Port: 80,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					PortInfo: &mgmProto.PortInfo{
-						PortSelection: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Port{
-							Port: 80,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					PortInfo: &mgmProto.PortInfo{
-						PortSelection: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Port{
-							Port: 80,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.4",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					PortInfo: &mgmProto.PortInfo{
-						PortSelection: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Port{
-							Port: 80,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedCount: 4,
-			description:   "Rules with specific ports should not be squashed even if they cover all peers",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "should not squash rules with legacy port field",
-			rules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					Port:      "443",
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					Port:      "443",
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					Port:      "443",
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.4",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					Port:      "443",
-				},
-			},
-			expectedCount: 4,
-			description:   "Rules with legacy port field should not be squashed",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "should not squash rules with DROP action",
-			rules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_DROP,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_DROP,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_DROP,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.4",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_DROP,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-				},
-			},
-			expectedCount: 4,
-			description:   "Rules with DROP action should not be squashed",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "should squash rules without port restrictions",
-			rules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.4",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-				},
-			},
-			expectedCount: 1,
-			description:   "Rules without port restrictions should be squashed into a single 0.0.0.0 rule",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "mixed rules should not squash protocol with port restrictions",
-			rules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					PortInfo: &mgmProto.PortInfo{
-						PortSelection: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Port{
-							Port: 80,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.4",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-				},
-			},
-			expectedCount: 4,
-			description:   "TCP should not be squashed because one rule has port restrictions",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "should squash UDP but not TCP when TCP has port restrictions",
-			rules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-				// TCP rules with port restrictions - should NOT be squashed
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					Port:      "443",
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					Port:      "443",
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					Port:      "443",
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.4",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-					Port:      "443",
-				},
-				// UDP rules without port restrictions - SHOULD be squashed
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_UDP,
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_UDP,
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_UDP,
-				},
-				{
-					PeerIP:    "10.93.0.4",
-					Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-					Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-					Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_UDP,
-				},
-			},
-			expectedCount: 5, // 4 TCP rules + 1 squashed UDP rule (0.0.0.0)
-			description:   "UDP should be squashed to 0.0.0.0 rule, but TCP should remain as individual rules due to port restrictions",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			networkMap := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{
-				RemotePeers: []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig{
-					{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.1"}},
-					{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.2"}},
-					{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.3"}},
-					{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.4"}},
-				},
-				FirewallRules: tt.rules,
-			}
-
-			manager := &DefaultManager{}
-			rules, _ := manager.squashAcceptRules(networkMap)
-
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCount, len(rules), tt.description)
-
-			// For squashed rules, verify we get the expected 0.0.0.0 rule
-			if tt.expectedCount == 1 {
-				assert.Equal(t, "0.0.0.0", rules[0].PeerIP)
-				assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN, rules[0].Direction)
-				assert.Equal(t, mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT, rules[0].Action)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestPortInfoEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name     string
@@ -757,70 +272,3 @@ func TestPortInfoEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func TestDefaultManagerEnableSSHRules(t *testing.T) {
-	networkMap := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{
-		PeerConfig: &mgmProto.PeerConfig{
-			SshConfig: &mgmProto.SSHConfig{
-				SshEnabled: true,
-			},
-		},
-		RemotePeers: []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig{
-			{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.1"}},
-			{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.2"}},
-			{AllowedIps: []string{"10.93.0.3"}},
-		},
-		FirewallRules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.2",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
-			},
-			{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
-				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT,
-				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
-				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_UDP,
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
-	defer ctrl.Finish()
-
-	ifaceMock := mocks.NewMockIFaceMapper(ctrl)
-	ifaceMock.EXPECT().IsUserspaceBind().Return(true).AnyTimes()
-	ifaceMock.EXPECT().SetFilter(gomock.Any())
-	network := netip.MustParsePrefix("172.0.0.1/32")
-
-	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Name().Return("lo").AnyTimes()
-	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Address().Return(wgaddr.Address{
-		IP:      network.Addr(),
-		Network: network,
-	}).AnyTimes()
-	ifaceMock.EXPECT().GetWGDevice().Return(nil).AnyTimes()
-
-	fw, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer func() {
-		err = fw.Close(nil)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	}()
-
-	acl := NewDefaultManager(fw)
-
-	acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
-
-	expectedRules := 3
-	if fw.IsStateful() {
-		expectedRules = 3 // 2 inbound rules + SSH rule
-	}
-	assert.Equal(t, expectedRules, len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
-}

client/internal/connect.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 	cProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
@@ -34,7 +35,6 @@ import (
 	relayClient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client"
 	signal "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/client"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
@@ -289,15 +289,18 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 		}
 
 		<-engineCtx.Done()
+
 		c.engineMutex.Lock()
-		if c.engine != nil && c.engine.wgInterface != nil {
-			log.Infof("ensuring %s is removed, Netbird engine context cancelled", c.engine.wgInterface.Name())
-			if err := c.engine.Stop(); err != nil {
+		engine := c.engine
+		c.engine = nil
+		c.engineMutex.Unlock()
+
+		if engine != nil && engine.wgInterface != nil {
+			log.Infof("ensuring %s is removed, Netbird engine context cancelled", engine.wgInterface.Name())
+			if err := engine.Stop(); err != nil {
 				log.Errorf("Failed to stop engine: %v", err)
 			}
-			c.engine = nil
 		}
-		c.engineMutex.Unlock()
 		c.statusRecorder.ClientTeardown()
 
 		backOff.Reset()
@@ -382,19 +385,12 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) Status() StatusType {
 }
 
 func (c *ConnectClient) Stop() error {
-	if c == nil {
-		return nil
+	engine := c.Engine()
+	if engine != nil {
+		if err := engine.Stop(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("stop engine: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
-	c.engineMutex.Lock()
-	defer c.engineMutex.Unlock()
-
-	if c.engine == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if err := c.engine.Stop(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("stop engine: %w", err)
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -420,20 +416,25 @@ func createEngineConfig(key wgtypes.Key, config *profilemanager.Config, peerConf
 		nm = *config.NetworkMonitor
 	}
 	engineConf := &EngineConfig{
-		WgIfaceName:          config.WgIface,
-		WgAddr:               peerConfig.Address,
-		IFaceBlackList:       config.IFaceBlackList,
-		DisableIPv6Discovery: config.DisableIPv6Discovery,
-		WgPrivateKey:         key,
-		WgPort:               config.WgPort,
-		NetworkMonitor:       nm,
-		SSHKey:               []byte(config.SSHKey),
-		NATExternalIPs:       config.NATExternalIPs,
-		CustomDNSAddress:     config.CustomDNSAddress,
-		RosenpassEnabled:     config.RosenpassEnabled,
-		RosenpassPermissive:  config.RosenpassPermissive,
-		ServerSSHAllowed:     util.ReturnBoolWithDefaultTrue(config.ServerSSHAllowed),
-		DNSRouteInterval:     config.DNSRouteInterval,
+		WgIfaceName:                   config.WgIface,
+		WgAddr:                        peerConfig.Address,
+		IFaceBlackList:                config.IFaceBlackList,
+		DisableIPv6Discovery:          config.DisableIPv6Discovery,
+		WgPrivateKey:                  key,
+		WgPort:                        config.WgPort,
+		NetworkMonitor:                nm,
+		SSHKey:                        []byte(config.SSHKey),
+		NATExternalIPs:                config.NATExternalIPs,
+		CustomDNSAddress:              config.CustomDNSAddress,
+		RosenpassEnabled:              config.RosenpassEnabled,
+		RosenpassPermissive:           config.RosenpassPermissive,
+		ServerSSHAllowed:              util.ReturnBoolWithDefaultTrue(config.ServerSSHAllowed),
+		EnableSSHRoot:                 config.EnableSSHRoot,
+		EnableSSHSFTP:                 config.EnableSSHSFTP,
+		EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding:  config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
+		EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding: config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
+		DisableSSHAuth:                config.DisableSSHAuth,
+		DNSRouteInterval:              config.DNSRouteInterval,
 
 		DisableClientRoutes: config.DisableClientRoutes,
 		DisableServerRoutes: config.DisableServerRoutes || config.BlockInbound,
@@ -519,6 +520,11 @@ func loginToManagement(ctx context.Context, client mgm.Client, pubSSHKey []byte,
 		config.BlockLANAccess,
 		config.BlockInbound,
 		config.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+		config.EnableSSHRoot,
+		config.EnableSSHSFTP,
+		config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
+		config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
+		config.DisableSSHAuth,
 	)
 	loginResp, err := client.Login(*serverPublicKey, sysInfo, pubSSHKey, config.DNSLabels)
 	if err != nil {

client/internal/debug/debug.go

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ nftables.txt: Anonymized nftables rules with packet counters, if --system-info f
 resolved_domains.txt: Anonymized resolved domain IP addresses from the status recorder.
 config.txt: Anonymized configuration information of the NetBird client.
 network_map.json: Anonymized sync response containing peer configurations, routes, DNS settings, and firewall rules.
-state.json: Anonymized client state dump containing netbird states.
+state.json: Anonymized client state dump containing netbird states for the active profile.
 mutex.prof: Mutex profiling information.
 goroutine.prof: Goroutine profiling information.
 block.prof: Block profiling information.
@@ -433,6 +433,18 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addCommonConfigFields(configContent *strings.Builder)
 	if g.internalConfig.ServerSSHAllowed != nil {
 		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("ServerSSHAllowed: %v\n", *g.internalConfig.ServerSSHAllowed))
 	}
+	if g.internalConfig.EnableSSHRoot != nil {
+		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("EnableSSHRoot: %v\n", *g.internalConfig.EnableSSHRoot))
+	}
+	if g.internalConfig.EnableSSHSFTP != nil {
+		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("EnableSSHSFTP: %v\n", *g.internalConfig.EnableSSHSFTP))
+	}
+	if g.internalConfig.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding != nil {
+		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding: %v\n", *g.internalConfig.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding))
+	}
+	if g.internalConfig.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding != nil {
+		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding: %v\n", *g.internalConfig.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding))
+	}
 
 	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("DisableClientRoutes: %v\n", g.internalConfig.DisableClientRoutes))
 	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("DisableServerRoutes: %v\n", g.internalConfig.DisableServerRoutes))
@@ -564,6 +576,8 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addStateFile() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	log.Debugf("Adding state file from: %s", path)
+
 	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {

client/internal/debug/wgshow.go

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ type WGIface interface {
 }
 
 func (g *BundleGenerator) addWgShow() error {
+	if g.statusRecorder == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no status recorder available for wg show")
+	}
 	result, err := g.statusRecorder.PeersStatus()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err

client/internal/dns/host_darwin.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 )
@@ -50,28 +51,21 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) supportCustomPort() bool {
 }
 
 func (s *systemConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
-	var err error
-
-	if err := stateManager.UpdateState(&ShutdownState{}); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to update shutdown state: %s", err)
-	}
-
 	var (
 		searchDomains []string
 		matchDomains  []string
 	)
 
-	err = s.recordSystemDNSSettings(true)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := s.recordSystemDNSSettings(true); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("unable to update record of System's DNS config: %s", err.Error())
 	}
 
 	if config.RouteAll {
 		searchDomains = append(searchDomains, "\"\"")
-		err = s.addLocalDNS()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Infof("failed to enable split DNS")
+		if err := s.addLocalDNS(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to add local DNS: %v", err)
 		}
+		s.updateState(stateManager)
 	}
 
 	for _, dConf := range config.Domains {
@@ -86,6 +80,7 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager *
 	}
 
 	matchKey := getKeyWithInput(netbirdDNSStateKeyFormat, matchSuffix)
+	var err error
 	if len(matchDomains) != 0 {
 		err = s.addMatchDomains(matchKey, strings.Join(matchDomains, " "), config.ServerIP, config.ServerPort)
 	} else {
@@ -95,6 +90,7 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager *
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add match domains: %w", err)
 	}
+	s.updateState(stateManager)
 
 	searchKey := getKeyWithInput(netbirdDNSStateKeyFormat, searchSuffix)
 	if len(searchDomains) != 0 {
@@ -106,6 +102,7 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager *
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add search domains: %w", err)
 	}
+	s.updateState(stateManager)
 
 	if err := s.flushDNSCache(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to flush DNS cache: %v", err)
@@ -114,6 +111,12 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager *
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *systemConfigurator) updateState(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) {
+	if err := stateManager.UpdateState(&ShutdownState{CreatedKeys: maps.Keys(s.createdKeys)}); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to update shutdown state: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *systemConfigurator) string() string {
 	return "scutil"
 }
@@ -167,18 +170,20 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) removeKeyFromSystemConfig(key string) error {
 func (s *systemConfigurator) addLocalDNS() error {
 	if !s.systemDNSSettings.ServerIP.IsValid() || len(s.systemDNSSettings.Domains) == 0 {
 		if err := s.recordSystemDNSSettings(true); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Unable to get system DNS configuration")
 			return fmt.Errorf("recordSystemDNSSettings(): %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 	localKey := getKeyWithInput(netbirdDNSStateKeyFormat, localSuffix)
-	if s.systemDNSSettings.ServerIP.IsValid() && len(s.systemDNSSettings.Domains) != 0 {
-		err := s.addSearchDomains(localKey, strings.Join(s.systemDNSSettings.Domains, " "), s.systemDNSSettings.ServerIP, s.systemDNSSettings.ServerPort)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't add local network DNS conf: %w", err)
-		}
-	} else {
+	if !s.systemDNSSettings.ServerIP.IsValid() || len(s.systemDNSSettings.Domains) == 0 {
 		log.Info("Not enabling local DNS server")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := s.addSearchDomains(
+		localKey,
+		strings.Join(s.systemDNSSettings.Domains, " "), s.systemDNSSettings.ServerIP, s.systemDNSSettings.ServerPort,
+	); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add search domains: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil

client/internal/dns/host_darwin_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+//go:build !ios
+
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
+)
+
+func TestDarwinDNSUncleanShutdownCleanup(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("skipping scutil integration test in short mode")
+	}
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	stateFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "state.json")
+
+	sm := statemanager.New(stateFile)
+	sm.RegisterState(&ShutdownState{})
+	sm.Start()
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, sm.Stop(context.Background()))
+	}()
+
+	configurator := &systemConfigurator{
+		createdKeys: make(map[string]struct{}),
+	}
+
+	config := HostDNSConfig{
+		ServerIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		ServerPort: 53,
+		RouteAll:   true,
+		Domains: []DomainConfig{
+			{Domain: "example.com", MatchOnly: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := configurator.applyDNSConfig(config, sm)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, sm.PersistState(context.Background()))
+
+	searchKey := getKeyWithInput(netbirdDNSStateKeyFormat, searchSuffix)
+	matchKey := getKeyWithInput(netbirdDNSStateKeyFormat, matchSuffix)
+	localKey := getKeyWithInput(netbirdDNSStateKeyFormat, localSuffix)
+
+	defer func() {
+		for _, key := range []string{searchKey, matchKey, localKey} {
+			_ = removeTestDNSKey(key)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for _, key := range []string{searchKey, matchKey, localKey} {
+		exists, err := checkDNSKeyExists(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		if exists {
+			t.Logf("Key %s exists before cleanup", key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	sm2 := statemanager.New(stateFile)
+	sm2.RegisterState(&ShutdownState{})
+	err = sm2.LoadState(&ShutdownState{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	state := sm2.GetState(&ShutdownState{})
+	if state == nil {
+		t.Skip("State not saved, skipping cleanup test")
+	}
+
+	shutdownState, ok := state.(*ShutdownState)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+
+	err = shutdownState.Cleanup()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	for _, key := range []string{searchKey, matchKey, localKey} {
+		exists, err := checkDNSKeyExists(key)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, exists, "Key %s should NOT exist after cleanup", key)
+	}
+}
+
+func checkDNSKeyExists(key string) (bool, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command(scutilPath)
+	cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader("show " + key + "\nquit\n")
+	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		if strings.Contains(string(output), "No such key") {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return !strings.Contains(string(output), "No such key"), nil
+}
+
+func removeTestDNSKey(key string) error {
+	cmd := exec.Command(scutilPath)
+	cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader("remove " + key + "\nquit\n")
+	_, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	return err
+}

client/internal/dns/host_windows.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/winregistry"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -178,13 +179,7 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager
 		log.Infof("removed %s as main DNS forwarder for this peer", config.ServerIP)
 	}
 
-	if err := stateManager.UpdateState(&ShutdownState{
-		Guid:           r.guid,
-		GPO:            r.gpo,
-		NRPTEntryCount: r.nrptEntryCount,
-	}); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to update shutdown state: %s", err)
-	}
+	r.updateState(stateManager)
 
 	var searchDomains, matchDomains []string
 	for _, dConf := range config.Domains {
@@ -197,6 +192,10 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager
 		matchDomains = append(matchDomains, "."+strings.TrimSuffix(dConf.Domain, "."))
 	}
 
+	if err := r.removeDNSMatchPolicies(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("cleanup old dns match policies: %s", err)
+	}
+
 	if len(matchDomains) != 0 {
 		count, err := r.addDNSMatchPolicy(matchDomains, config.ServerIP)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -204,19 +203,10 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager
 		}
 		r.nrptEntryCount = count
 	} else {
-		if err := r.removeDNSMatchPolicies(); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove dns match policies: %w", err)
-		}
 		r.nrptEntryCount = 0
 	}
 
-	if err := stateManager.UpdateState(&ShutdownState{
-		Guid:           r.guid,
-		GPO:            r.gpo,
-		NRPTEntryCount: r.nrptEntryCount,
-	}); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to update shutdown state: %s", err)
-	}
+	r.updateState(stateManager)
 
 	if err := r.updateSearchDomains(searchDomains); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("update search domains: %w", err)
@@ -227,6 +217,16 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (r *registryConfigurator) updateState(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) {
+	if err := stateManager.UpdateState(&ShutdownState{
+		Guid:           r.guid,
+		GPO:            r.gpo,
+		NRPTEntryCount: r.nrptEntryCount,
+	}); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to update shutdown state: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func (r *registryConfigurator) addDNSSetupForAll(ip netip.Addr) error {
 	if err := r.setInterfaceRegistryKeyStringValue(interfaceConfigNameServerKey, ip.String()); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("adding dns setup for all failed: %w", err)
@@ -273,9 +273,9 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) configureDNSPolicy(policyPath string, domains []s
 		return fmt.Errorf("remove existing dns policy: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	regKey, _, err := registry.CreateKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, policyPath, registry.SET_VALUE)
+	regKey, _, err := winregistry.CreateVolatileKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, policyPath, registry.SET_VALUE)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\%s: %w", policyPath, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("create volatile registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\%s: %w", policyPath, err)
 	}
 	defer closer(regKey)
 

client/internal/dns/host_windows_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows/registry"
+)
+
+// TestNRPTEntriesCleanupOnConfigChange tests that old NRPT entries are properly cleaned up
+// when the number of match domains decreases between configuration changes.
+func TestNRPTEntriesCleanupOnConfigChange(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("skipping registry integration test in short mode")
+	}
+
+	defer cleanupRegistryKeys(t)
+	cleanupRegistryKeys(t)
+
+	testIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+
+	// Create a test interface registry key so updateSearchDomains doesn't fail
+	testGUID := "{12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789ABC}"
+	interfacePath := `SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\` + testGUID
+	testKey, _, err := registry.CreateKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, interfacePath, registry.SET_VALUE)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should create test interface registry key")
+	testKey.Close()
+	defer func() {
+		_ = registry.DeleteKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, interfacePath)
+	}()
+
+	cfg := &registryConfigurator{
+		guid: testGUID,
+		gpo:  false,
+	}
+
+	config5 := HostDNSConfig{
+		ServerIP: testIP,
+		Domains: []DomainConfig{
+			{Domain: "domain1.com", MatchOnly: true},
+			{Domain: "domain2.com", MatchOnly: true},
+			{Domain: "domain3.com", MatchOnly: true},
+			{Domain: "domain4.com", MatchOnly: true},
+			{Domain: "domain5.com", MatchOnly: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	err = cfg.applyDNSConfig(config5, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify all 5 entries exist
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		exists, err := registryKeyExists(fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath, i))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, exists, "Entry %d should exist after first config", i)
+	}
+
+	config2 := HostDNSConfig{
+		ServerIP: testIP,
+		Domains: []DomainConfig{
+			{Domain: "domain1.com", MatchOnly: true},
+			{Domain: "domain2.com", MatchOnly: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	err = cfg.applyDNSConfig(config2, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify first 2 entries exist
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		exists, err := registryKeyExists(fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath, i))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, exists, "Entry %d should exist after second config", i)
+	}
+
+	// Verify entries 2-4 are cleaned up
+	for i := 2; i < 5; i++ {
+		exists, err := registryKeyExists(fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath, i))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, exists, "Entry %d should NOT exist after reducing to 2 domains", i)
+	}
+}
+
+func registryKeyExists(path string) (bool, error) {
+	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, path, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == registry.ErrNotExist {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		return false, err
+	}
+	k.Close()
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func cleanupRegistryKeys(*testing.T) {
+	cfg := &registryConfigurator{nrptEntryCount: 10}
+	_ = cfg.removeDNSMatchPolicies()
+}

client/internal/dns/server.go

@@ -65,8 +65,9 @@ type hostManagerWithOriginalNS interface {
 
 // DefaultServer dns server object
 type DefaultServer struct {
-	ctx       context.Context
-	ctxCancel context.CancelFunc
+	ctx        context.Context
+	ctxCancel  context.CancelFunc
+	shutdownWg sync.WaitGroup
 	// disableSys disables system DNS management (e.g., /etc/resolv.conf updates) while keeping the DNS service running.
 	// This is different from ServiceEnable=false from management which completely disables the DNS service.
 	disableSys         bool
@@ -318,6 +319,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) DnsIP() netip.Addr {
 // Stop stops the server
 func (s *DefaultServer) Stop() {
 	s.ctxCancel()
+	s.shutdownWg.Wait()
 
 	s.mux.Lock()
 	defer s.mux.Unlock()
@@ -507,8 +509,9 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) applyConfiguration(update nbdns.Config) error {
 
 	s.applyHostConfig()
 
+	s.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
-		// persist dns state right away
+		defer s.shutdownWg.Done()
 		if err := s.stateManager.PersistState(s.ctx); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("Failed to persist dns state: %v", err)
 		}

client/internal/dns/server_test.go

@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ func createWgInterfaceWithBind(t *testing.T) (*iface.WGIface, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	pf, err := uspfilter.Create(wgIface, false, flowLogger)
+	pf, err := uspfilter.Create(wgIface, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create uspfilter: %v", err)
 		return nil, err

client/internal/dns/systemd_linux.go

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ const (
 	systemdDbusSetDefaultRouteMethodSuffix = systemdDbusLinkInterface + ".SetDefaultRoute"
 	systemdDbusSetDomainsMethodSuffix      = systemdDbusLinkInterface + ".SetDomains"
 	systemdDbusSetDNSSECMethodSuffix       = systemdDbusLinkInterface + ".SetDNSSEC"
+	systemdDbusSetDNSOverTLSMethodSuffix   = systemdDbusLinkInterface + ".SetDNSOverTLS"
 	systemdDbusResolvConfModeForeign       = "foreign"
 
 	dbusErrorUnknownObject = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnknownObject"
@@ -102,6 +103,11 @@ func (s *systemdDbusConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateMana
 		log.Warnf("failed to set DNSSEC to 'no': %v", err)
 	}
 
+	// We don't support DNSOverTLS. On some machines this is default on so we explicitly set it to off
+	if err := s.callLinkMethod(systemdDbusSetDNSOverTLSMethodSuffix, dnsSecDisabled); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to set DNSOverTLS to 'no': %v", err)
+	}
+
 	var (
 		searchDomains []string
 		matchDomains  []string

client/internal/dns/unclean_shutdown_darwin.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type ShutdownState struct {
+	CreatedKeys []string
 }
 
 func (s *ShutdownState) Name() string {
@@ -19,6 +20,10 @@ func (s *ShutdownState) Cleanup() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create host manager: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	for _, key := range s.CreatedKeys {
+		manager.createdKeys[key] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
 	if err := manager.restoreUncleanShutdownDNS(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("restore unclean shutdown dns: %w", err)
 	}

client/internal/dnsfwd/cache.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package dnsfwd
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+type cache struct {
+	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	records map[string]*cacheEntry
+}
+
+type cacheEntry struct {
+	ip4Addrs []netip.Addr
+	ip6Addrs []netip.Addr
+}
+
+func newCache() *cache {
+	return &cache{
+		records: make(map[string]*cacheEntry),
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *cache) get(domain string, reqType uint16) ([]netip.Addr, bool) {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	entry, exists := c.records[normalizeDomain(domain)]
+	if !exists {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	switch reqType {
+	case dns.TypeA:
+		return slices.Clone(entry.ip4Addrs), true
+	case dns.TypeAAAA:
+		return slices.Clone(entry.ip6Addrs), true
+	default:
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+}
+
+func (c *cache) set(domain string, reqType uint16, addrs []netip.Addr) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	norm := normalizeDomain(domain)
+	entry, exists := c.records[norm]
+	if !exists {
+		entry = &cacheEntry{}
+		c.records[norm] = entry
+	}
+
+	switch reqType {
+	case dns.TypeA:
+		entry.ip4Addrs = slices.Clone(addrs)
+	case dns.TypeAAAA:
+		entry.ip6Addrs = slices.Clone(addrs)
+	}
+}
+
+// unset removes cached entries for the given domain and request type.
+func (c *cache) unset(domain string) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	delete(c.records, normalizeDomain(domain))
+}
+
+// normalizeDomain converts an input domain into a canonical form used as cache key:
+// lowercase and fully-qualified (with trailing dot).
+func normalizeDomain(domain string) string {
+	// dns.Fqdn ensures trailing dot; ToLower for consistent casing
+	return dns.Fqdn(strings.ToLower(domain))
+}

client/internal/dnsfwd/cache_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package dnsfwd
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func mustAddr(t *testing.T, s string) netip.Addr {
+	t.Helper()
+	a, err := netip.ParseAddr(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse addr %s: %v", s, err)
+	}
+	return a
+}
+
+func TestCacheNormalization(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newCache()
+
+	// Mixed case, without trailing dot
+	domainInput := "ExAmPlE.CoM"
+	ipv4 := []netip.Addr{mustAddr(t, "1.2.3.4")}
+	c.set(domainInput, 1 /* dns.TypeA */, ipv4)
+
+	// Lookup with lower, with trailing dot
+	if got, ok := c.get("example.com.", 1); !ok || len(got) != 1 || got[0].String() != "1.2.3.4" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected cached IPv4 result via normalized key, got=%v ok=%v", got, ok)
+	}
+
+	// Lookup with different casing again
+	if got, ok := c.get("EXAMPLE.COM", 1); !ok || len(got) != 1 || got[0].String() != "1.2.3.4" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected cached IPv4 result via different casing, got=%v ok=%v", got, ok)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCacheSeparateTypes(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newCache()
+
+	domain := "test.local"
+	ipv4 := []netip.Addr{mustAddr(t, "10.0.0.1")}
+	ipv6 := []netip.Addr{mustAddr(t, "2001:db8::1")}
+
+	c.set(domain, 1 /* A */, ipv4)
+	c.set(domain, 28 /* AAAA */, ipv6)
+
+	got4, ok4 := c.get(domain, 1)
+	if !ok4 || len(got4) != 1 || got4[0] != ipv4[0] {
+		t.Fatalf("expected A record from cache, got=%v ok=%v", got4, ok4)
+	}
+
+	got6, ok6 := c.get(domain, 28)
+	if !ok6 || len(got6) != 1 || got6[0] != ipv6[0] {
+		t.Fatalf("expected AAAA record from cache, got=%v ok=%v", got6, ok6)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCacheCloneOnGetAndSet(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newCache()
+	domain := "clone.test"
+
+	src := []netip.Addr{mustAddr(t, "8.8.8.8")}
+	c.set(domain, 1, src)
+
+	// Mutate source slice; cache should be unaffected
+	src[0] = mustAddr(t, "9.9.9.9")
+
+	got, ok := c.get(domain, 1)
+	if !ok || len(got) != 1 || got[0].String() != "8.8.8.8" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected cached value to be independent of source slice, got=%v ok=%v", got, ok)
+	}
+
+	// Mutate returned slice; internal cache should remain unchanged
+	got[0] = mustAddr(t, "4.4.4.4")
+	got2, ok2 := c.get(domain, 1)
+	if !ok2 || len(got2) != 1 || got2[0].String() != "8.8.8.8" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected returned slice to be a clone, got=%v ok=%v", got2, ok2)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCacheMiss(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newCache()
+	if got, ok := c.get("missing.example", 1); ok || got != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected cache miss, got=%v ok=%v", got, ok)
+	}
+}

client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ type firewaller interface {
 }
 
 type DNSForwarder struct {
-	listenAddress  string
+	listenAddress  netip.AddrPort
 	ttl            uint32
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
 
@@ -46,9 +47,12 @@ type DNSForwarder struct {
 	fwdEntries []*ForwarderEntry
 	firewall   firewaller
 	resolver   resolver
+	cache      *cache
+
+	wgIface wgIface
 }
 
-func NewDNSForwarder(listenAddress string, ttl uint32, firewall firewaller, statusRecorder *peer.Status) *DNSForwarder {
+func NewDNSForwarder(listenAddress netip.AddrPort, ttl uint32, firewall firewaller, statusRecorder *peer.Status, wgIface wgIface) *DNSForwarder {
 	log.Debugf("creating DNS forwarder with listen_address=%s ttl=%d", listenAddress, ttl)
 	return &DNSForwarder{
 		listenAddress:  listenAddress,
@@ -56,30 +60,47 @@ func NewDNSForwarder(listenAddress string, ttl uint32, firewall firewaller, stat
 		firewall:       firewall,
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
 		resolver:       net.DefaultResolver,
+		cache:          newCache(),
+		wgIface:        wgIface,
 	}
 }
 
 func (f *DNSForwarder) Listen(entries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
-	log.Infof("starting DNS forwarder on address=%s", f.listenAddress)
+	var netstackNet *netstack.Net
+	if f.wgIface != nil {
+		netstackNet = f.wgIface.GetNet()
+	}
+
+	addrDesc := f.listenAddress.String()
+	if netstackNet != nil {
+		addrDesc = fmt.Sprintf("netstack %s", f.listenAddress)
+	}
+	log.Infof("starting DNS forwarder on address=%s", addrDesc)
+
+	udpLn, err := f.createUDPListener(netstackNet)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create UDP listener: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	tcpLn, err := f.createTCPListener(netstackNet)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create TCP listener: %w", err)
+	}
 
-	// UDP server
 	mux := dns.NewServeMux()
 	f.mux = mux
 	mux.HandleFunc(".", f.handleDNSQueryUDP)
 	f.dnsServer = &dns.Server{
-		Addr:    f.listenAddress,
-		Net:     "udp",
-		Handler: mux,
+		PacketConn: udpLn,
+		Handler:    mux,
 	}
 
-	// TCP server
 	tcpMux := dns.NewServeMux()
 	f.tcpMux = tcpMux
 	tcpMux.HandleFunc(".", f.handleDNSQueryTCP)
 	f.tcpServer = &dns.Server{
-		Addr:    f.listenAddress,
-		Net:     "tcp",
-		Handler: tcpMux,
+		Listener: tcpLn,
+		Handler:  tcpMux,
 	}
 
 	f.UpdateDomains(entries)
@@ -87,26 +108,70 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) Listen(entries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
 	errCh := make(chan error, 2)
 
 	go func() {
-		log.Infof("DNS UDP listener running on %s", f.listenAddress)
-		errCh <- f.dnsServer.ListenAndServe()
+		log.Infof("DNS UDP listener running on %s", addrDesc)
+		errCh <- f.dnsServer.ActivateAndServe()
 	}()
 	go func() {
-		log.Infof("DNS TCP listener running on %s", f.listenAddress)
-		errCh <- f.tcpServer.ListenAndServe()
+		log.Infof("DNS TCP listener running on %s", addrDesc)
+		errCh <- f.tcpServer.ActivateAndServe()
 	}()
 
-	// return the first error we get (e.g. bind failure or shutdown)
 	return <-errCh
 }
 
+func (f *DNSForwarder) createUDPListener(netstackNet *netstack.Net) (net.PacketConn, error) {
+	if netstackNet != nil {
+		return netstackNet.ListenUDPAddrPort(f.listenAddress)
+	}
+
+	return net.ListenUDP("udp", net.UDPAddrFromAddrPort(f.listenAddress))
+}
+
+func (f *DNSForwarder) createTCPListener(netstackNet *netstack.Net) (net.Listener, error) {
+	if netstackNet != nil {
+		return netstackNet.ListenTCPAddrPort(f.listenAddress)
+	}
+
+	return net.ListenTCP("tcp", net.TCPAddrFromAddrPort(f.listenAddress))
+}
+
 func (f *DNSForwarder) UpdateDomains(entries []*ForwarderEntry) {
 	f.mutex.Lock()
 	defer f.mutex.Unlock()
 
+	// remove cache entries for domains that no longer appear
+	f.removeStaleCacheEntries(f.fwdEntries, entries)
+
 	f.fwdEntries = entries
 	log.Debugf("Updated DNS forwarder with %d domains", len(entries))
 }
 
+// removeStaleCacheEntries unsets cache items for domains that were present
+// in the old list but not present in the new list.
+func (f *DNSForwarder) removeStaleCacheEntries(oldEntries, newEntries []*ForwarderEntry) {
+	if f.cache == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	newSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(newEntries))
+	for _, e := range newEntries {
+		if e == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		newSet[e.Domain.PunycodeString()] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	for _, e := range oldEntries {
+		if e == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		pattern := e.Domain.PunycodeString()
+		if _, ok := newSet[pattern]; !ok {
+			f.cache.unset(pattern)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (f *DNSForwarder) Close(ctx context.Context) error {
 	var result *multierror.Error
 
@@ -171,6 +236,7 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSQuery(w dns.ResponseWriter, query *dns.Msg) *dns
 
 	f.updateInternalState(ips, mostSpecificResId, matchingEntries)
 	f.addIPsToResponse(resp, domain, ips)
+	f.cache.set(domain, question.Qtype, ips)
 
 	return resp
 }
@@ -282,29 +348,69 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) setResponseCodeForNotFound(ctx context.Context, resp *dns
 	resp.Rcode = dns.RcodeSuccess
 }
 
-// handleDNSError processes DNS lookup errors and sends an appropriate error response
-func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSError(ctx context.Context, w dns.ResponseWriter, question dns.Question, resp *dns.Msg, domain string, err error) {
+// handleDNSError processes DNS lookup errors and sends an appropriate error response.
+func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSError(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	w dns.ResponseWriter,
+	question dns.Question,
+	resp *dns.Msg,
+	domain string,
+	err error,
+) {
+	// Default to SERVFAIL; override below when appropriate.
+	resp.Rcode = dns.RcodeServerFailure
+
+	qType := question.Qtype
+	qTypeName := dns.TypeToString[qType]
+
+	// Prefer typed DNS errors; fall back to generic logging otherwise.
 	var dnsErr *net.DNSError
-
-	switch {
-	case errors.As(err, &dnsErr):
-		resp.Rcode = dns.RcodeServerFailure
-		if dnsErr.IsNotFound {
-			f.setResponseCodeForNotFound(ctx, resp, domain, question.Qtype)
+	if !errors.As(err, &dnsErr) {
+		log.Warnf(errResolveFailed, domain, err)
+		if writeErr := w.WriteMsg(resp); writeErr != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to write failure DNS response: %v", writeErr)
 		}
+		return
+	}
 
-		if dnsErr.Server != "" {
-			log.Warnf("failed to resolve query for type=%s domain=%s server=%s: %v", dns.TypeToString[question.Qtype], domain, dnsErr.Server, err)
-		} else {
-			log.Warnf(errResolveFailed, domain, err)
+	// NotFound: set NXDOMAIN / appropriate code via helper.
+	if dnsErr.IsNotFound {
+		f.setResponseCodeForNotFound(ctx, resp, domain, qType)
+		if writeErr := w.WriteMsg(resp); writeErr != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to write failure DNS response: %v", writeErr)
 		}
-	default:
-		resp.Rcode = dns.RcodeServerFailure
+		f.cache.set(domain, question.Qtype, nil)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Upstream failed but we might have a cached answer—serve it if present.
+	if ips, ok := f.cache.get(domain, qType); ok {
+		if len(ips) > 0 {
+			log.Debugf("serving cached DNS response after upstream failure: domain=%s type=%s", domain, qTypeName)
+			f.addIPsToResponse(resp, domain, ips)
+			resp.Rcode = dns.RcodeSuccess
+			if writeErr := w.WriteMsg(resp); writeErr != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to write cached DNS response: %v", writeErr)
+			}
+		} else { // send NXDOMAIN / appropriate code if cache is empty
+			f.setResponseCodeForNotFound(ctx, resp, domain, qType)
+			if writeErr := w.WriteMsg(resp); writeErr != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to write failure DNS response: %v", writeErr)
+			}
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// No cache. Log with or without the server field for more context.
+	if dnsErr.Server != "" {
+		log.Warnf("failed to resolve: type=%s domain=%s server=%s: %v", qTypeName, domain, dnsErr.Server, err)
+	} else {
 		log.Warnf(errResolveFailed, domain, err)
 	}
 
-	if err := w.WriteMsg(resp); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to write failure DNS response: %v", err)
+	// Write final failure response.
+	if writeErr := w.WriteMsg(resp); writeErr != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to write failure DNS response: %v", writeErr)
 	}
 }
 

client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder_test.go

@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_UnauthorizedDomainAccess(t *testing.T) {
 				mockResolver.On("LookupNetIP", mock.Anything, "ip4", dns.Fqdn(tt.queryDomain)).Return([]netip.Addr{fakeIP}, nil)
 			}
 
-			forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{})
+			forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 			forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 			d, err := domain.FromString(tt.configuredDomain)
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_FirewallSetUpdates(t *testing.T) {
 			mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
 
 			// Set up forwarder
-			forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{})
+			forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 			forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 			// Create entries and track sets
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_MultipleIPsInSingleUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	mockFirewall := &MockFirewall{}
 	mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
 
-	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{})
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 	forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 	// Configure a single domain
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_ResponseCodes(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, nil, &peer.Status{})
+			forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, nil, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 
 			d, err := domain.FromString(tt.configured)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_ResponseCodes(t *testing.T) {
 func TestDNSForwarder_TCPTruncation(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test that large UDP responses are truncated with TC bit set
 	mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
-	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, nil, &peer.Status{})
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, nil, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 	forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 	d, _ := domain.FromString("example.com")
@@ -648,12 +648,101 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_TCPTruncation(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.LessOrEqual(t, writtenResp.Len(), dns.MinMsgSize, "Response should fit in minimum UDP size")
 }
 
+// Ensures that when the first query succeeds and populates the cache,
+// a subsequent upstream failure still returns a successful response from cache.
+func TestDNSForwarder_ServeFromCacheOnUpstreamFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, nil, &peer.Status{}, nil)
+	forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
+
+	d, err := domain.FromString("example.com")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	entries := []*ForwarderEntry{{Domain: d, ResID: "res-cache"}}
+	forwarder.UpdateDomains(entries)
+
+	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4")
+
+	// First call resolves successfully and populates cache
+	mockResolver.On("LookupNetIP", mock.Anything, "ip4", dns.Fqdn("example.com")).
+		Return([]netip.Addr{ip}, nil).Once()
+
+	// Second call fails upstream; forwarder should serve from cache
+	mockResolver.On("LookupNetIP", mock.Anything, "ip4", dns.Fqdn("example.com")).
+		Return([]netip.Addr{}, &net.DNSError{Err: "temporary failure"}).Once()
+
+	// First query: populate cache
+	q1 := &dns.Msg{}
+	q1.SetQuestion(dns.Fqdn("example.com"), dns.TypeA)
+	w1 := &test.MockResponseWriter{}
+	resp1 := forwarder.handleDNSQuery(w1, q1)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp1)
+	require.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, resp1.Rcode)
+	require.Len(t, resp1.Answer, 1)
+
+	// Second query: serve from cache after upstream failure
+	q2 := &dns.Msg{}
+	q2.SetQuestion(dns.Fqdn("example.com"), dns.TypeA)
+	var writtenResp *dns.Msg
+	w2 := &test.MockResponseWriter{WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error { writtenResp = m; return nil }}
+	_ = forwarder.handleDNSQuery(w2, q2)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, writtenResp, "expected response to be written")
+	require.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, writtenResp.Rcode)
+	require.Len(t, writtenResp.Answer, 1)
+
+	mockResolver.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
+// Verifies that cache normalization works across casing and trailing dot variations.
+func TestDNSForwarder_CacheNormalizationCasingAndDot(t *testing.T) {
+	mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, nil, &peer.Status{}, nil)
+	forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
+
+	d, err := domain.FromString("ExAmPlE.CoM")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	entries := []*ForwarderEntry{{Domain: d, ResID: "res-norm"}}
+	forwarder.UpdateDomains(entries)
+
+	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("9.8.7.6")
+
+	// Initial resolution with mixed case to populate cache
+	mixedQuery := "ExAmPlE.CoM"
+	mockResolver.On("LookupNetIP", mock.Anything, "ip4", dns.Fqdn(strings.ToLower(mixedQuery))).
+		Return([]netip.Addr{ip}, nil).Once()
+
+	q1 := &dns.Msg{}
+	q1.SetQuestion(mixedQuery+".", dns.TypeA)
+	w1 := &test.MockResponseWriter{}
+	resp1 := forwarder.handleDNSQuery(w1, q1)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp1)
+	require.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, resp1.Rcode)
+	require.Len(t, resp1.Answer, 1)
+
+	// Subsequent query without dot and upper case should hit cache even if upstream fails
+	// Forwarder lowercases and uses the question name as-is (no trailing dot here)
+	mockResolver.On("LookupNetIP", mock.Anything, "ip4", strings.ToLower("EXAMPLE.COM")).
+		Return([]netip.Addr{}, &net.DNSError{Err: "temporary failure"}).Once()
+
+	q2 := &dns.Msg{}
+	q2.SetQuestion("EXAMPLE.COM", dns.TypeA)
+	var writtenResp *dns.Msg
+	w2 := &test.MockResponseWriter{WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error { writtenResp = m; return nil }}
+	_ = forwarder.handleDNSQuery(w2, q2)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, writtenResp)
+	require.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, writtenResp.Rcode)
+	require.Len(t, writtenResp.Answer, 1)
+
+	mockResolver.AssertExpectations(t)
+}
+
 func TestDNSForwarder_MultipleOverlappingPatterns(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test complex overlapping pattern scenarios
 	mockFirewall := &MockFirewall{}
 	mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
 
-	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{})
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 	forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 	// Set up complex overlapping patterns
@@ -715,7 +804,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_NodataVsNxdomain(t *testing.T) {
 	mockFirewall := &MockFirewall{}
 	mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
 
-	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{})
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, mockFirewall, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 	forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
 
 	d, err := domain.FromString("example.com")
@@ -836,7 +925,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_NodataVsNxdomain(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDNSForwarder_EmptyQuery(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test handling of malformed query with no questions
-	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder("127.0.0.1:0", 300, nil, &peer.Status{})
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, nil, &peer.Status{}, nil)
 
 	query := &dns.Msg{}
 	// Don't set any question

client/internal/dnsfwd/manager.go

@@ -4,27 +4,34 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"sync"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
-var (
-	// ListenPort is the port that the DNS forwarder listens on. It has been used by the client peers also
-	listenPort   uint16 = 5353
-	listenPortMu sync.RWMutex
+const (
+	dnsTTL        = 60
+	envServerPort = "NB_DNS_FORWARDER_PORT"
 )
 
-const (
-	dnsTTL = 60 //seconds
-)
+// wgIface defines the interface for WireGuard interface operations needed by the DNS forwarder.
+type wgIface interface {
+	GetNet() *netstack.Net
+	Address() wgaddr.Address
+}
 
 // ForwarderEntry is a mapping from a domain to a resource ID and a hash of the parent domain list.
 type ForwarderEntry struct {
@@ -36,24 +43,30 @@ type ForwarderEntry struct {
 type Manager struct {
 	firewall       firewall.Manager
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
+	wgIface        wgIface
+	serverPort     uint16
 
 	fwRules      []firewall.Rule
 	tcpRules     []firewall.Rule
 	dnsForwarder *DNSForwarder
-	port         uint16
 }
 
-func ListenPort() uint16 {
-	listenPortMu.RLock()
-	defer listenPortMu.RUnlock()
-	return listenPort
-}
+func NewManager(fw firewall.Manager, statusRecorder *peer.Status, wgIface wgIface) *Manager {
+	serverPort := nbdns.ForwarderServerPort
+	if envPort := os.Getenv(envServerPort); envPort != "" {
+		if port, err := strconv.ParseUint(envPort, 10, 16); err == nil && port > 0 {
+			serverPort = uint16(port)
+			log.Infof("using custom DNS forwarder port from %s: %d", envServerPort, serverPort)
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("invalid %s value %q, using default %d", envServerPort, envPort, nbdns.ForwarderServerPort)
+		}
+	}
 
-func NewManager(fw firewall.Manager, statusRecorder *peer.Status, port uint16) *Manager {
 	return &Manager{
 		firewall:       fw,
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
-		port:           port,
+		wgIface:        wgIface,
+		serverPort:     serverPort,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -67,13 +80,25 @@ func (m *Manager) Start(fwdEntries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if m.port > 0 {
-		listenPortMu.Lock()
-		listenPort = m.port
-		listenPortMu.Unlock()
+	localAddr := m.wgIface.Address().IP
+
+	if localAddr.IsValid() && m.firewall != nil {
+		if err := m.firewall.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, firewall.ProtocolUDP, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, m.serverPort); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to add DNS UDP DNAT rule: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			log.Infof("added DNS UDP DNAT rule: %s:%d -> %s:%d", localAddr, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, localAddr, m.serverPort)
+		}
+
+		if err := m.firewall.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, firewall.ProtocolTCP, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, m.serverPort); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to add DNS TCP DNAT rule: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			log.Infof("added DNS TCP DNAT rule: %s:%d -> %s:%d", localAddr, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, localAddr, m.serverPort)
+		}
 	}
 
-	m.dnsForwarder = NewDNSForwarder(fmt.Sprintf(":%d", ListenPort()), dnsTTL, m.firewall, m.statusRecorder)
+	listenAddress := netip.AddrPortFrom(localAddr, m.serverPort)
+	m.dnsForwarder = NewDNSForwarder(listenAddress, dnsTTL, m.firewall, m.statusRecorder, m.wgIface)
+
 	go func() {
 		if err := m.dnsForwarder.Listen(fwdEntries); err != nil {
 			// todo handle close error if it is exists
@@ -98,6 +123,20 @@ func (m *Manager) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	var mErr *multierror.Error
+
+	localAddr := m.wgIface.Address().IP
+	if localAddr.IsValid() && m.firewall != nil {
+		if err := m.firewall.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, firewall.ProtocolUDP, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, m.serverPort); err != nil {
+			mErr = multierror.Append(mErr, fmt.Errorf("remove DNS UDP DNAT rule: %w", err))
+		}
+
+		if err := m.firewall.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, firewall.ProtocolTCP, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, m.serverPort); err != nil {
+			mErr = multierror.Append(mErr, fmt.Errorf("remove DNS TCP DNAT rule: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	m.unregisterNetstackServices()
+
 	if err := m.dropDNSFirewall(); err != nil {
 		mErr = multierror.Append(mErr, err)
 	}
@@ -113,7 +152,7 @@ func (m *Manager) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 func (m *Manager) allowDNSFirewall() error {
 	dport := &firewall.Port{
 		IsRange: false,
-		Values:  []uint16{ListenPort()},
+		Values:  []uint16{m.serverPort},
 	}
 
 	if m.firewall == nil {
@@ -122,21 +161,50 @@ func (m *Manager) allowDNSFirewall() error {
 
 	dnsRules, err := m.firewall.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0}, firewall.ProtocolUDP, nil, dport, firewall.ActionAccept, "")
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to add allow DNS router rules, err: %v", err)
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("add udp firewall rule: %w", err)
 	}
-	m.fwRules = dnsRules
 
 	tcpRules, err := m.firewall.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0}, firewall.ProtocolTCP, nil, dport, firewall.ActionAccept, "")
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to add allow DNS router rules, err: %v", err)
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("add tcp firewall rule: %w", err)
 	}
+
+	if err := m.firewall.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("flush: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.fwRules = dnsRules
 	m.tcpRules = tcpRules
 
+	m.registerNetstackServices()
+
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *Manager) registerNetstackServices() {
+	if netstackNet := m.wgIface.GetNet(); netstackNet != nil {
+		if registrar, ok := m.firewall.(interface {
+			RegisterNetstackService(protocol nftypes.Protocol, port uint16)
+		}); ok {
+			registrar.RegisterNetstackService(nftypes.TCP, m.serverPort)
+			registrar.RegisterNetstackService(nftypes.UDP, m.serverPort)
+			log.Debugf("registered DNS forwarder service with netstack for UDP/TCP:%d", m.serverPort)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) unregisterNetstackServices() {
+	if netstackNet := m.wgIface.GetNet(); netstackNet != nil {
+		if registrar, ok := m.firewall.(interface {
+			UnregisterNetstackService(protocol nftypes.Protocol, port uint16)
+		}); ok {
+			registrar.UnregisterNetstackService(nftypes.TCP, m.serverPort)
+			registrar.UnregisterNetstackService(nftypes.UDP, m.serverPort)
+			log.Debugf("unregistered DNS forwarder service with netstack for UDP/TCP:%d", m.serverPort)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) dropDNSFirewall() error {
 	var mErr *multierror.Error
 	for _, rule := range m.fwRules {

client/internal/engine.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
-	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"sort"
@@ -30,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	firewallManager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
-	nbnetstack "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/udpmux"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
@@ -51,10 +49,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 	cProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	sshconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/config"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 	semaphoregroup "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/semaphore-group"
 
-	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
@@ -115,7 +113,12 @@ type EngineConfig struct {
 	RosenpassEnabled    bool
 	RosenpassPermissive bool
 
-	ServerSSHAllowed bool
+	ServerSSHAllowed              bool
+	EnableSSHRoot                 *bool
+	EnableSSHSFTP                 *bool
+	EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding  *bool
+	EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding *bool
+	DisableSSHAuth                *bool
 
 	DNSRouteInterval time.Duration
 
@@ -173,8 +176,7 @@ type Engine struct {
 
 	networkMonitor *networkmonitor.NetworkMonitor
 
-	sshServerFunc func(hostKeyPEM []byte, addr string) (nbssh.Server, error)
-	sshServer     nbssh.Server
+	sshServer sshServer
 
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
 
@@ -200,11 +202,12 @@ type Engine struct {
 	flowManager         nftypes.FlowManager
 
 	// WireGuard interface monitor
-	wgIfaceMonitor   *WGIfaceMonitor
-	wgIfaceMonitorWg sync.WaitGroup
+	wgIfaceMonitor *WGIfaceMonitor
 
-	// dns forwarder port
-	dnsFwdPort uint16
+	// shutdownWg tracks all long-running goroutines to ensure clean shutdown
+	shutdownWg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	probeStunTurn *relay.StunTurnProbe
 }
 
 // Peer is an instance of the Connection Peer
@@ -243,11 +246,10 @@ func NewEngine(
 		STUNs:          []*stun.URI{},
 		TURNs:          []*stun.URI{},
 		networkSerial:  0,
-		sshServerFunc:  nbssh.DefaultSSHServer,
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
 		checks:         checks,
 		connSemaphore:  semaphoregroup.NewSemaphoreGroup(connInitLimit),
-		dnsFwdPort:     dnsfwd.ListenPort(),
+		probeStunTurn:  relay.NewStunTurnProbe(relay.DefaultCacheTTL),
 	}
 
 	sm := profilemanager.NewServiceManager("")
@@ -265,6 +267,7 @@ func NewEngine(
 		path = mobileDep.StateFilePath
 	}
 	engine.stateManager = statemanager.New(path)
+	engine.stateManager.RegisterState(&sshconfig.ShutdownState{})
 
 	log.Infof("I am: %s", config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String())
 	return engine
@@ -289,6 +292,12 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 	}
 	log.Info("Network monitor: stopped")
 
+	if err := e.stopSSHServer(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to stop SSH server: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	e.cleanupSSHConfig()
+
 	// stop/restore DNS first so dbus and friends don't complain because of a missing interface
 	e.stopDNSServer()
 
@@ -299,17 +308,12 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		e.ingressGatewayMgr = nil
 	}
 
+	e.stopDNSForwarder()
+
 	if e.routeManager != nil {
 		e.routeManager.Stop(e.stateManager)
 	}
 
-	if e.dnsForwardMgr != nil {
-		if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(context.Background()); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to stop DNS forward: %v", err)
-		}
-		e.dnsForwardMgr = nil
-	}
-
 	if e.srWatcher != nil {
 		e.srWatcher.Close()
 	}
@@ -326,10 +330,6 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		e.cancel()
 	}
 
-	// very ugly but we want to remove peers from the WireGuard interface first before removing interface.
-	// Removing peers happens in the conn.Close() asynchronously
-	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
-
 	e.close()
 
 	// stop flow manager after wg interface is gone
@@ -337,8 +337,6 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		e.flowManager.Close()
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("stopped Netbird Engine")
-
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 
@@ -349,12 +347,52 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		log.Errorf("failed to persist state: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// Stop WireGuard interface monitor and wait for it to exit
-	e.wgIfaceMonitorWg.Wait()
+	timeout := e.calculateShutdownTimeout()
+	log.Debugf("waiting for goroutines to finish with timeout: %v", timeout)
+	shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := waitWithContext(shutdownCtx, &e.shutdownWg); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("shutdown timeout exceeded after %v, some goroutines may still be running", timeout)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("stopped Netbird Engine")
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+// calculateShutdownTimeout returns shutdown timeout: 10s base + 100ms per peer, capped at 30s.
+func (e *Engine) calculateShutdownTimeout() time.Duration {
+	peerCount := len(e.peerStore.PeersPubKey())
+
+	baseTimeout := 10 * time.Second
+	perPeerTimeout := time.Duration(peerCount) * 100 * time.Millisecond
+	timeout := baseTimeout + perPeerTimeout
+
+	maxTimeout := 30 * time.Second
+	if timeout > maxTimeout {
+		timeout = maxTimeout
+	}
+
+	return timeout
+}
+
+// waitWithContext waits for WaitGroup with timeout, returns ctx.Err() on timeout.
+func waitWithContext(ctx context.Context, wg *sync.WaitGroup) error {
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		wg.Wait()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		return nil
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
+
 // Start creates a new WireGuard tunnel interface and listens to events from Signal and Management services
 // Connections to remote peers are not established here.
 // However, they will be established once an event with a list of peers to connect to will be received from Management Service
@@ -484,14 +522,14 @@ func (e *Engine) Start(netbirdConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, mgmtURL *url.URL)
 
 	// monitor WireGuard interface lifecycle and restart engine on changes
 	e.wgIfaceMonitor = NewWGIfaceMonitor()
-	e.wgIfaceMonitorWg.Add(1)
+	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 
 	go func() {
-		defer e.wgIfaceMonitorWg.Done()
+		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
 
 		if shouldRestart, err := e.wgIfaceMonitor.Start(e.ctx, e.wgInterface.Name()); shouldRestart {
 			log.Infof("WireGuard interface monitor: %s, restarting engine", err)
-			e.restartEngine()
+			e.triggerClientRestart()
 		} else if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("WireGuard interface monitor: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -507,7 +545,7 @@ func (e *Engine) createFirewall() error {
 	}
 
 	var err error
-	e.firewall, err = firewall.NewFirewall(e.wgInterface, e.stateManager, e.flowManager.GetLogger(), e.config.DisableServerRoutes)
+	e.firewall, err = firewall.NewFirewall(e.wgInterface, e.stateManager, e.flowManager.GetLogger(), e.config.DisableServerRoutes, e.config.MTU)
 	if err != nil || e.firewall == nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed creating firewall manager: %s", err)
 		return nil
@@ -671,14 +709,10 @@ func (e *Engine) removeAllPeers() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// removePeer closes an existing peer connection, removes a peer, and clears authorized key of the SSH server
+// removePeer closes an existing peer connection and removes a peer
 func (e *Engine) removePeer(peerKey string) error {
 	log.Debugf("removing peer from engine %s", peerKey)
 
-	if !isNil(e.sshServer) {
-		e.sshServer.RemoveAuthorizedKey(peerKey)
-	}
-
 	e.connMgr.RemovePeerConn(peerKey)
 
 	err := e.statusRecorder.RemovePeer(peerKey)
@@ -850,6 +884,11 @@ func (e *Engine) updateChecksIfNew(checks []*mgmProto.Checks) error {
 		e.config.BlockLANAccess,
 		e.config.BlockInbound,
 		e.config.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+		e.config.EnableSSHRoot,
+		e.config.EnableSSHSFTP,
+		e.config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
+		e.config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
+		e.config.DisableSSHAuth,
 	)
 
 	if err := e.mgmClient.SyncMeta(info); err != nil {
@@ -859,65 +898,6 @@ func (e *Engine) updateChecksIfNew(checks []*mgmProto.Checks) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func isNil(server nbssh.Server) bool {
-	return server == nil || reflect.ValueOf(server).IsNil()
-}
-
-func (e *Engine) updateSSH(sshConf *mgmProto.SSHConfig) error {
-	if e.config.BlockInbound {
-		log.Infof("SSH server is disabled because inbound connections are blocked")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if !e.config.ServerSSHAllowed {
-		log.Info("SSH server is not enabled")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if sshConf.GetSshEnabled() {
-		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-			log.Warnf("running SSH server on %s is not supported", runtime.GOOS)
-			return nil
-		}
-		// start SSH server if it wasn't running
-		if isNil(e.sshServer) {
-			listenAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", e.wgInterface.Address().IP.String(), nbssh.DefaultSSHPort)
-			if nbnetstack.IsEnabled() {
-				listenAddr = fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", nbssh.DefaultSSHPort)
-			}
-			// nil sshServer means it has not yet been started
-			var err error
-			e.sshServer, err = e.sshServerFunc(e.config.SSHKey, listenAddr)
-
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("create ssh server: %w", err)
-			}
-			go func() {
-				// blocking
-				err = e.sshServer.Start()
-				if err != nil {
-					// will throw error when we stop it even if it is a graceful stop
-					log.Debugf("stopped SSH server with error %v", err)
-				}
-				e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
-				defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
-				e.sshServer = nil
-				log.Infof("stopped SSH server")
-			}()
-		} else {
-			log.Debugf("SSH server is already running")
-		}
-	} else if !isNil(e.sshServer) {
-		// Disable SSH server request, so stop it if it was running
-		err := e.sshServer.Stop()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to stop SSH server %v", err)
-		}
-		e.sshServer = nil
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (e *Engine) updateConfig(conf *mgmProto.PeerConfig) error {
 	if e.wgInterface == nil {
 		return errors.New("wireguard interface is not initialized")
@@ -930,8 +910,7 @@ func (e *Engine) updateConfig(conf *mgmProto.PeerConfig) error {
 	}
 
 	if conf.GetSshConfig() != nil {
-		err := e.updateSSH(conf.GetSshConfig())
-		if err != nil {
+		if err := e.updateSSH(conf.GetSshConfig()); err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("failed handling SSH server setup: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -950,7 +929,9 @@ func (e *Engine) updateConfig(conf *mgmProto.PeerConfig) error {
 // receiveManagementEvents connects to the Management Service event stream to receive updates from the management service
 // E.g. when a new peer has been registered and we are allowed to connect to it.
 func (e *Engine) receiveManagementEvents() {
+	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
+		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
 		info, err := system.GetInfoWithChecks(e.ctx, e.checks)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("failed to get system info with checks: %v", err)
@@ -967,6 +948,11 @@ func (e *Engine) receiveManagementEvents() {
 			e.config.BlockLANAccess,
 			e.config.BlockInbound,
 			e.config.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+			e.config.EnableSSHRoot,
+			e.config.EnableSSHSFTP,
+			e.config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
+			e.config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
+			e.config.DisableSSHAuth,
 		)
 
 		err = e.mgmClient.Sync(e.ctx, info, e.handleSync)
@@ -1060,10 +1046,14 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 		protoDNSConfig = &mgmProto.DNSConfig{}
 	}
 
-	if err := e.dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(serial, toDNSConfig(protoDNSConfig, e.wgInterface.Address().Network)); err != nil {
+	dnsConfig := toDNSConfig(protoDNSConfig, e.wgInterface.Address().Network)
+
+	if err := e.dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(serial, dnsConfig); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to update dns server, err: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	e.routeManager.SetDNSForwarderPort(dnsConfig.ForwarderPort)
+
 	// apply routes first, route related actions might depend on routing being enabled
 	routes := toRoutes(networkMap.GetRoutes())
 	serverRoutes, clientRoutes := e.routeManager.ClassifyRoutes(routes)
@@ -1084,7 +1074,7 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 	}
 
 	fwdEntries := toRouteDomains(e.config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String(), routes)
-	e.updateDNSForwarder(dnsRouteFeatureFlag, fwdEntries, uint16(protoDNSConfig.ForwarderPort))
+	e.updateDNSForwarder(dnsRouteFeatureFlag, fwdEntries)
 
 	// Ingress forward rules
 	forwardingRules, err := e.updateForwardRules(networkMap.GetForwardingRules())
@@ -1121,16 +1111,10 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 
 		e.statusRecorder.FinishPeerListModifications()
 
-		// update SSHServer by adding remote peer SSH keys
-		if !isNil(e.sshServer) {
-			for _, config := range networkMap.GetRemotePeers() {
-				if config.GetSshConfig() != nil && config.GetSshConfig().GetSshPubKey() != nil {
-					err := e.sshServer.AddAuthorizedKey(config.WgPubKey, string(config.GetSshConfig().GetSshPubKey()))
-					if err != nil {
-						log.Warnf("failed adding authorized key to SSH DefaultServer %v", err)
-					}
-				}
-			}
+		e.updatePeerSSHHostKeys(networkMap.GetRemotePeers())
+
+		if err := e.updateSSHClientConfig(networkMap.GetRemotePeers()); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to update SSH client config: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1208,10 +1192,16 @@ func toRouteDomains(myPubKey string, routes []*route.Route) []*dnsfwd.ForwarderE
 }
 
 func toDNSConfig(protoDNSConfig *mgmProto.DNSConfig, network netip.Prefix) nbdns.Config {
+	forwarderPort := uint16(protoDNSConfig.GetForwarderPort())
+	if forwarderPort == 0 {
+		forwarderPort = nbdns.ForwarderClientPort
+	}
+
 	dnsUpdate := nbdns.Config{
 		ServiceEnable:    protoDNSConfig.GetServiceEnable(),
 		CustomZones:      make([]nbdns.CustomZone, 0),
 		NameServerGroups: make([]*nbdns.NameServerGroup, 0),
+		ForwarderPort:    forwarderPort,
 	}
 
 	for _, zone := range protoDNSConfig.GetCustomZones() {
@@ -1368,7 +1358,9 @@ func (e *Engine) createPeerConn(pubKey string, allowedIPs []netip.Prefix, agentV
 
 // receiveSignalEvents connects to the Signal Service event stream to negotiate connection with remote peers
 func (e *Engine) receiveSignalEvents() {
+	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
+		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
 		// connect to a stream of messages coming from the signal server
 		err := e.signal.Receive(e.ctx, func(msg *sProto.Message) error {
 			e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
@@ -1485,13 +1477,6 @@ func (e *Engine) close() {
 		e.statusRecorder.SetWgIface(nil)
 	}
 
-	if !isNil(e.sshServer) {
-		err := e.sshServer.Stop()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed stopping the SSH server: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
 	if e.firewall != nil {
 		err := e.firewall.Close(e.stateManager)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -1522,6 +1507,11 @@ func (e *Engine) readInitialSettings() ([]*route.Route, *nbdns.Config, bool, err
 		e.config.BlockLANAccess,
 		e.config.BlockInbound,
 		e.config.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+		e.config.EnableSSHRoot,
+		e.config.EnableSSHSFTP,
+		e.config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
+		e.config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
+		e.config.DisableSSHAuth,
 	)
 
 	netMap, err := e.mgmClient.GetNetworkMap(info)
@@ -1667,7 +1657,7 @@ func (e *Engine) getRosenpassAddr() string {
 
 // RunHealthProbes executes health checks for Signal, Management, Relay and WireGuard services
 // and updates the status recorder with the latest states.
-func (e *Engine) RunHealthProbes() bool {
+func (e *Engine) RunHealthProbes(waitForResult bool) bool {
 	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
 
 	signalHealthy := e.signal.IsHealthy()
@@ -1699,8 +1689,12 @@ func (e *Engine) RunHealthProbes() bool {
 	}
 
 	e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
-
-	results := e.probeICE(stuns, turns)
+	var results []relay.ProbeResult
+	if waitForResult {
+		results = e.probeStunTurn.ProbeAllWaitResult(e.ctx, stuns, turns)
+	} else {
+		results = e.probeStunTurn.ProbeAll(e.ctx, stuns, turns)
+	}
 	e.statusRecorder.UpdateRelayStates(results)
 
 	relayHealthy := true
@@ -1717,15 +1711,10 @@ func (e *Engine) RunHealthProbes() bool {
 	return allHealthy
 }
 
-func (e *Engine) probeICE(stuns, turns []*stun.URI) []relay.ProbeResult {
-	return append(
-		relay.ProbeAll(e.ctx, relay.ProbeSTUN, stuns),
-		relay.ProbeAll(e.ctx, relay.ProbeTURN, turns)...,
-	)
-}
-
-// restartEngine restarts the engine by cancelling the client context
-func (e *Engine) restartEngine() {
+// triggerClientRestart triggers a full client restart by cancelling the client context.
+// Note: This does NOT just restart the engine - it cancels the entire client context,
+// which causes the connect client's retry loop to create a completely new engine.
+func (e *Engine) triggerClientRestart() {
 	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
 	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
 
@@ -1747,7 +1736,9 @@ func (e *Engine) startNetworkMonitor() {
 	}
 
 	e.networkMonitor = networkmonitor.New()
+	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
+		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
 		if err := e.networkMonitor.Listen(e.ctx); err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
 				log.Infof("network monitor stopped")
@@ -1757,8 +1748,8 @@ func (e *Engine) startNetworkMonitor() {
 			return
 		}
 
-		log.Infof("Network monitor: detected network change, restarting engine")
-		e.restartEngine()
+		log.Infof("Network monitor: detected network change, triggering client restart")
+		e.triggerClientRestart()
 	}()
 }
 
@@ -1843,60 +1834,50 @@ func (e *Engine) GetWgAddr() netip.Addr {
 func (e *Engine) updateDNSForwarder(
 	enabled bool,
 	fwdEntries []*dnsfwd.ForwarderEntry,
-	forwarderPort uint16,
 ) {
 	if e.config.DisableServerRoutes {
 		return
 	}
 
 	if !enabled {
-		if e.dnsForwardMgr == nil {
-			return
-		}
-		if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(context.Background()); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to stop DNS forward: %v", err)
-		}
+		e.stopDNSForwarder()
 		return
 	}
 
 	if len(fwdEntries) > 0 {
-		switch {
-		case e.dnsForwardMgr == nil:
-			e.dnsForwardMgr = dnsfwd.NewManager(e.firewall, e.statusRecorder, forwarderPort)
-			if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Start(fwdEntries); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to start DNS forward: %v", err)
-				e.dnsForwardMgr = nil
-			}
-			log.Infof("started domain router service with %d entries", len(fwdEntries))
-		case e.dnsFwdPort != forwarderPort:
-			log.Infof("updating domain router service port from %d to %d", e.dnsFwdPort, forwarderPort)
-			e.restartDnsFwd(fwdEntries, forwarderPort)
-			e.dnsFwdPort = forwarderPort
-
-		default:
+		if e.dnsForwardMgr == nil {
+			e.startDNSForwarder(fwdEntries)
+		} else {
 			e.dnsForwardMgr.UpdateDomains(fwdEntries)
 		}
 	} else if e.dnsForwardMgr != nil {
 		log.Infof("disable domain router service")
-		if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(context.Background()); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to stop DNS forward: %v", err)
-		}
-		e.dnsForwardMgr = nil
+		e.stopDNSForwarder()
 	}
-
 }
 
-func (e *Engine) restartDnsFwd(fwdEntries []*dnsfwd.ForwarderEntry, forwarderPort uint16) {
-	log.Infof("updating domain router service port from %d to %d", e.dnsFwdPort, forwarderPort)
-	// stop and start the forwarder to apply the new port
-	if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(context.Background()); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to stop DNS forward: %v", err)
-	}
-	e.dnsForwardMgr = dnsfwd.NewManager(e.firewall, e.statusRecorder, forwarderPort)
+func (e *Engine) startDNSForwarder(fwdEntries []*dnsfwd.ForwarderEntry) {
+	e.dnsForwardMgr = dnsfwd.NewManager(e.firewall, e.statusRecorder, e.wgInterface)
+
 	if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Start(fwdEntries); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to start DNS forward: %v", err)
 		e.dnsForwardMgr = nil
+		return
 	}
+
+	log.Infof("started domain router service with %d entries", len(fwdEntries))
+}
+
+func (e *Engine) stopDNSForwarder() {
+	if e.dnsForwardMgr == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(context.Background()); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to stop DNS forward: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	e.dnsForwardMgr = nil
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) GetNet() (*netstack.Net, error) {

client/internal/engine_ssh.go

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	firewallManager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
+	sshconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/config"
+	sshserver "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/server"
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+type sshServer interface {
+	Start(ctx context.Context, addr netip.AddrPort) error
+	Stop() error
+}
+
+func (e *Engine) setupSSHPortRedirection() error {
+	if e.firewall == nil || e.wgInterface == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	localAddr := e.wgInterface.Address().IP
+	if !localAddr.IsValid() {
+		return errors.New("invalid local NetBird address")
+	}
+
+	if err := e.firewall.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, firewallManager.ProtocolTCP, 22, 22022); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add SSH port redirection: %w", err)
+	}
+	log.Infof("SSH port redirection enabled: %s:22 -> %s:22022", localAddr, localAddr)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *Engine) updateSSH(sshConf *mgmProto.SSHConfig) error {
+	if e.config.BlockInbound {
+		log.Info("SSH server is disabled because inbound connections are blocked")
+		return e.stopSSHServer()
+	}
+
+	if !e.config.ServerSSHAllowed {
+		log.Info("SSH server is disabled in config")
+		return e.stopSSHServer()
+	}
+
+	if !sshConf.GetSshEnabled() {
+		if e.config.ServerSSHAllowed {
+			log.Info("SSH server is locally allowed but disabled by management server")
+		}
+		return e.stopSSHServer()
+	}
+
+	if e.sshServer != nil {
+		log.Debug("SSH server is already running")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if e.config.DisableSSHAuth != nil && *e.config.DisableSSHAuth {
+		log.Info("starting SSH server without JWT authentication (authentication disabled by config)")
+		return e.startSSHServer(nil)
+	}
+
+	if protoJWT := sshConf.GetJwtConfig(); protoJWT != nil {
+		jwtConfig := &sshserver.JWTConfig{
+			Issuer:       protoJWT.GetIssuer(),
+			Audience:     protoJWT.GetAudience(),
+			KeysLocation: protoJWT.GetKeysLocation(),
+			MaxTokenAge:  protoJWT.GetMaxTokenAge(),
+		}
+
+		return e.startSSHServer(jwtConfig)
+	}
+
+	return errors.New("SSH server requires valid JWT configuration")
+}
+
+// updateSSHClientConfig updates the SSH client configuration with peer information
+func (e *Engine) updateSSHClientConfig(remotePeers []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) error {
+	peerInfo := e.extractPeerSSHInfo(remotePeers)
+	if len(peerInfo) == 0 {
+		log.Debug("no SSH-enabled peers found, skipping SSH config update")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	configMgr := sshconfig.New()
+	if err := configMgr.SetupSSHClientConfig(peerInfo); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to update SSH client config: %v", err)
+		return nil // Don't fail engine startup on SSH config issues
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("updated SSH client config with %d peers", len(peerInfo))
+
+	if err := e.stateManager.UpdateState(&sshconfig.ShutdownState{
+		SSHConfigDir:  configMgr.GetSSHConfigDir(),
+		SSHConfigFile: configMgr.GetSSHConfigFile(),
+	}); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to update SSH config state: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// extractPeerSSHInfo extracts SSH information from peer configurations
+func (e *Engine) extractPeerSSHInfo(remotePeers []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) []sshconfig.PeerSSHInfo {
+	var peerInfo []sshconfig.PeerSSHInfo
+
+	for _, peerConfig := range remotePeers {
+		if peerConfig.GetSshConfig() == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		sshPubKeyBytes := peerConfig.GetSshConfig().GetSshPubKey()
+		if len(sshPubKeyBytes) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		peerIP := e.extractPeerIP(peerConfig)
+		hostname := e.extractHostname(peerConfig)
+
+		peerInfo = append(peerInfo, sshconfig.PeerSSHInfo{
+			Hostname: hostname,
+			IP:       peerIP,
+			FQDN:     peerConfig.GetFqdn(),
+		})
+	}
+
+	return peerInfo
+}
+
+// extractPeerIP extracts IP address from peer's allowed IPs
+func (e *Engine) extractPeerIP(peerConfig *mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) string {
+	if len(peerConfig.GetAllowedIps()) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	if prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(peerConfig.GetAllowedIps()[0]); err == nil {
+		return prefix.Addr().String()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// extractHostname extracts short hostname from FQDN
+func (e *Engine) extractHostname(peerConfig *mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) string {
+	fqdn := peerConfig.GetFqdn()
+	if fqdn == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	parts := strings.Split(fqdn, ".")
+	if len(parts) > 0 && parts[0] != "" {
+		return parts[0]
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// updatePeerSSHHostKeys updates peer SSH host keys in the status recorder for daemon API access
+func (e *Engine) updatePeerSSHHostKeys(remotePeers []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) {
+	for _, peerConfig := range remotePeers {
+		if peerConfig.GetSshConfig() == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		sshPubKeyBytes := peerConfig.GetSshConfig().GetSshPubKey()
+		if len(sshPubKeyBytes) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if err := e.statusRecorder.UpdatePeerSSHHostKey(peerConfig.GetWgPubKey(), sshPubKeyBytes); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to update SSH host key for peer %s: %v", peerConfig.GetWgPubKey(), err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("updated peer SSH host keys for daemon API access")
+}
+
+// GetPeerSSHKey returns the SSH host key for a specific peer by IP or FQDN
+func (e *Engine) GetPeerSSHKey(peerAddress string) ([]byte, bool) {
+	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
+	statusRecorder := e.statusRecorder
+	e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+
+	if statusRecorder == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	fullStatus := statusRecorder.GetFullStatus()
+	for _, peerState := range fullStatus.Peers {
+		if peerState.IP == peerAddress || peerState.FQDN == peerAddress {
+			if len(peerState.SSHHostKey) > 0 {
+				return peerState.SSHHostKey, true
+			}
+			return nil, false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// cleanupSSHConfig removes NetBird SSH client configuration on shutdown
+func (e *Engine) cleanupSSHConfig() {
+	configMgr := sshconfig.New()
+
+	if err := configMgr.RemoveSSHClientConfig(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to remove SSH client config: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		log.Debugf("SSH client config cleanup completed")
+	}
+}
+
+// startSSHServer initializes and starts the SSH server with proper configuration.
+func (e *Engine) startSSHServer(jwtConfig *sshserver.JWTConfig) error {
+	if e.wgInterface == nil {
+		return errors.New("wg interface not initialized")
+	}
+
+	serverConfig := &sshserver.Config{
+		HostKeyPEM: e.config.SSHKey,
+		JWT:        jwtConfig,
+	}
+	server := sshserver.New(serverConfig)
+
+	wgAddr := e.wgInterface.Address()
+	server.SetNetworkValidation(wgAddr)
+
+	netbirdIP := wgAddr.IP
+	listenAddr := netip.AddrPortFrom(netbirdIP, sshserver.InternalSSHPort)
+
+	if netstackNet := e.wgInterface.GetNet(); netstackNet != nil {
+		server.SetNetstackNet(netstackNet)
+
+		if registrar, ok := e.firewall.(interface {
+			RegisterNetstackService(protocol nftypes.Protocol, port uint16)
+		}); ok {
+			registrar.RegisterNetstackService(nftypes.TCP, sshserver.InternalSSHPort)
+			log.Debugf("registered SSH service with netstack for TCP:%d", sshserver.InternalSSHPort)
+		}
+	}
+
+	e.configureSSHServer(server)
+	e.sshServer = server
+
+	if err := e.setupSSHPortRedirection(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to setup SSH port redirection: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := server.Start(e.ctx, listenAddr); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("start SSH server: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// configureSSHServer applies SSH configuration options to the server.
+func (e *Engine) configureSSHServer(server *sshserver.Server) {
+	if e.config.EnableSSHRoot != nil && *e.config.EnableSSHRoot {
+		server.SetAllowRootLogin(true)
+		log.Info("SSH root login enabled")
+	} else {
+		server.SetAllowRootLogin(false)
+		log.Info("SSH root login disabled (default)")
+	}
+
+	if e.config.EnableSSHSFTP != nil && *e.config.EnableSSHSFTP {
+		server.SetAllowSFTP(true)
+		log.Info("SSH SFTP subsystem enabled")
+	} else {
+		server.SetAllowSFTP(false)
+		log.Info("SSH SFTP subsystem disabled (default)")
+	}
+
+	if e.config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding != nil && *e.config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding {
+		server.SetAllowLocalPortForwarding(true)
+		log.Info("SSH local port forwarding enabled")
+	} else {
+		server.SetAllowLocalPortForwarding(false)
+		log.Info("SSH local port forwarding disabled (default)")
+	}
+
+	if e.config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding != nil && *e.config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding {
+		server.SetAllowRemotePortForwarding(true)
+		log.Info("SSH remote port forwarding enabled")
+	} else {
+		server.SetAllowRemotePortForwarding(false)
+		log.Info("SSH remote port forwarding disabled (default)")
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *Engine) cleanupSSHPortRedirection() error {
+	if e.firewall == nil || e.wgInterface == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	localAddr := e.wgInterface.Address().IP
+	if !localAddr.IsValid() {
+		return errors.New("invalid local NetBird address")
+	}
+
+	if err := e.firewall.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, firewallManager.ProtocolTCP, 22, 22022); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove SSH port redirection: %w", err)
+	}
+	log.Debugf("SSH port redirection removed: %s:22 -> %s:22022", localAddr, localAddr)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *Engine) stopSSHServer() error {
+	if e.sshServer == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := e.cleanupSSHPortRedirection(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to cleanup SSH port redirection: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if netstackNet := e.wgInterface.GetNet(); netstackNet != nil {
+		if registrar, ok := e.firewall.(interface {
+			UnregisterNetstackService(protocol nftypes.Protocol, port uint16)
+		}); ok {
+			registrar.UnregisterNetstackService(nftypes.TCP, sshserver.InternalSSHPort)
+			log.Debugf("unregistered SSH service from netstack for TCP:%d", sshserver.InternalSSHPort)
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Info("stopping SSH server")
+	err := e.sshServer.Stop()
+	e.sshServer = nil
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("stop: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

client/internal/engine_test.go

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ import (
 	icemaker "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/ice"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
@@ -105,6 +105,10 @@ type MockWGIface struct {
 	LastActivitiesFunc         func() map[string]monotime.Time
 }
 
+func (m *MockWGIface) RemoveEndpointAddress(_ string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (m *MockWGIface) FullStats() (*configurer.Stats, error) {
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("not implemented")
 }
@@ -207,11 +211,13 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 }
 
 func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		t.Skip("skipping TestEngine_SSH")
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
 	}
 
-	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	sshKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 		return
@@ -233,6 +239,7 @@ func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
 			WgPort:           33100,
 			ServerSSHAllowed: true,
 			MTU:              iface.DefaultMTU,
+			SSHKey:           sshKey,
 		},
 		MobileDependency{},
 		peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
@@ -243,35 +250,8 @@ func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
 		UpdateDNSServerFunc: func(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	var sshKeysAdded []string
-	var sshPeersRemoved []string
-
-	sshCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-
-	engine.sshServerFunc = func(hostKeyPEM []byte, addr string) (ssh.Server, error) {
-		return &ssh.MockServer{
-			Ctx: sshCtx,
-			StopFunc: func() error {
-				cancel()
-				return nil
-			},
-			StartFunc: func() error {
-				<-ctx.Done()
-				return ctx.Err()
-			},
-			AddAuthorizedKeyFunc: func(peer, newKey string) error {
-				sshKeysAdded = append(sshKeysAdded, newKey)
-				return nil
-			},
-			RemoveAuthorizedKeyFunc: func(peer string) {
-				sshPeersRemoved = append(sshPeersRemoved, peer)
-			},
-		}, nil
-	}
 	err = engine.Start(nil, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	defer func() {
 		err := engine.Stop()
@@ -297,9 +277,7 @@ func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
 
@@ -307,19 +285,24 @@ func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
 	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
 		Serial: 7,
 		PeerConfig: &mgmtProto.PeerConfig{Address: "100.64.0.1/24",
-			SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{SshEnabled: true}},
+			SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{
+				SshEnabled: true,
+				JwtConfig: &mgmtProto.JWTConfig{
+					Issuer:       "test-issuer",
+					Audience:     "test-audience",
+					KeysLocation: "test-keys",
+					MaxTokenAge:  3600,
+				},
+			}},
 		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peerWithSSH},
 		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
 	}
 
 	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
 	assert.NotNil(t, engine.sshServer)
-	assert.Contains(t, sshKeysAdded, "ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIFATYCqaQw/9id1Qkq3n16JYhDhXraI6Pc1fgB8ynEfQ")
 
 	// now remove peer
 	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
@@ -329,13 +312,10 @@ func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
 	assert.NotNil(t, engine.sshServer)
-	assert.Contains(t, sshPeersRemoved, "MNHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=")
 
 	// now disable SSH server
 	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
@@ -347,12 +327,70 @@ func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
+}
 
+func TestEngine_SSHUpdateLogic(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that SSH server start/stop logic works based on config
+	engine := &Engine{
+		config: &EngineConfig{
+			ServerSSHAllowed: false, // Start with SSH disabled
+		},
+		syncMsgMux: &sync.Mutex{},
+	}
+
+	// Test SSH disabled config
+	sshConfig := &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{SshEnabled: false}
+	err := engine.updateSSH(sshConfig)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
+
+	// Test inbound blocked
+	engine.config.BlockInbound = true
+	err = engine.updateSSH(&mgmtProto.SSHConfig{SshEnabled: true})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
+	engine.config.BlockInbound = false
+
+	// Test with server SSH not allowed
+	err = engine.updateSSH(&mgmtProto.SSHConfig{SshEnabled: true})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
+}
+
+func TestEngine_SSHServerConsistency(t *testing.T) {
+
+	t.Run("server set only on successful creation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		engine := &Engine{
+			config: &EngineConfig{
+				ServerSSHAllowed: true,
+				SSHKey:           []byte("test-key"),
+			},
+			syncMsgMux: &sync.Mutex{},
+		}
+
+		engine.wgInterface = nil
+
+		err := engine.updateSSH(&mgmtProto.SSHConfig{SshEnabled: true})
+
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("cleanup handles nil gracefully", func(t *testing.T) {
+		engine := &Engine{
+			config: &EngineConfig{
+				ServerSSHAllowed: false,
+			},
+			syncMsgMux: &sync.Mutex{},
+		}
+
+		err := engine.stopSSHServer()
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
+	})
 }
 
 func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1580,7 +1618,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, dataDir, testFile string) (*grpc.Server, stri
 
 	groupsManager := groups.NewManagerMock()
 
-	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(context.Background(), store, peersUpdateManager, nil, "", "netbird.selfhosted", eventStore, nil, false, ia, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false)
+	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(context.Background(), config, store, peersUpdateManager, nil, "", "netbird.selfhosted", eventStore, nil, false, ia, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}

client/internal/iface_common.go

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ type wgIfaceBase interface {
 	UpdateAddr(newAddr string) error
 	GetProxy() wgproxy.Proxy
 	UpdatePeer(peerKey string, allowedIps []netip.Prefix, keepAlive time.Duration, endpoint *net.UDPAddr, preSharedKey *wgtypes.Key) error
+	RemoveEndpointAddress(key string) error
 	RemovePeer(peerKey string) error
 	AddAllowedIP(peerKey string, allowedIP netip.Prefix) error
 	RemoveAllowedIP(peerKey string, allowedIP netip.Prefix) error

client/internal/lazyconn/activity/lazy_conn.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package activity
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// lazyConn detects activity when WireGuard attempts to send packets.
+// It does not deliver packets, only signals that activity occurred.
+type lazyConn struct {
+	activityCh chan struct{}
+	ctx        context.Context
+	cancel     context.CancelFunc
+}
+
+// newLazyConn creates a new lazyConn for activity detection.
+func newLazyConn() *lazyConn {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	return &lazyConn{
+		activityCh: make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		ctx:        ctx,
+		cancel:     cancel,
+	}
+}
+
+// Read blocks until the connection is closed.
+func (c *lazyConn) Read(_ []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	<-c.ctx.Done()
+	return 0, io.EOF
+}
+
+// Write signals activity detection when ICEBind routes packets to this endpoint.
+func (c *lazyConn) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	if c.ctx.Err() != nil {
+		return 0, io.EOF
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case c.activityCh <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+
+	return len(b), nil
+}
+
+// ActivityChan returns the channel that signals when activity is detected.
+func (c *lazyConn) ActivityChan() <-chan struct{} {
+	return c.activityCh
+}
+
+// Close closes the connection.
+func (c *lazyConn) Close() error {
+	c.cancel()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// LocalAddr returns the local address.
+func (c *lazyConn) LocalAddr() net.Addr {
+	return &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1}, Port: lazyBindPort}
+}
+
+// RemoteAddr returns the remote address.
+func (c *lazyConn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr {
+	return &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1}, Port: lazyBindPort}
+}
+
+// SetDeadline sets the read and write deadlines.
+func (c *lazyConn) SetDeadline(_ time.Time) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetReadDeadline sets the deadline for future Read calls.
+func (c *lazyConn) SetReadDeadline(_ time.Time) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetWriteDeadline sets the deadline for future Write calls.
+func (c *lazyConn) SetWriteDeadline(_ time.Time) error {
+	return nil
+}

client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_bind.go

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package activity
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
+)
+
+type bindProvider interface {
+	GetBind() device.EndpointManager
+}
+
+const (
+	// lazyBindPort is an obscure port used for lazy peer endpoints to avoid confusion with real peers.
+	// The actual routing is done via fakeIP in ICEBind, not by this port.
+	lazyBindPort = 17473
+)
+
+// BindListener uses lazyConn with bind implementations for direct data passing in userspace bind mode.
+type BindListener struct {
+	wgIface WgInterface
+	peerCfg lazyconn.PeerConfig
+	done    sync.WaitGroup
+
+	lazyConn *lazyConn
+	bind     device.EndpointManager
+	fakeIP   netip.Addr
+}
+
+// NewBindListener creates a listener that passes data directly through bind using LazyConn.
+// It automatically derives a unique fake IP from the peer's NetBird IP in the 127.2.x.x range.
+func NewBindListener(wgIface WgInterface, bind device.EndpointManager, cfg lazyconn.PeerConfig) (*BindListener, error) {
+	fakeIP, err := deriveFakeIP(wgIface, cfg.AllowedIPs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("derive fake IP: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	d := &BindListener{
+		wgIface: wgIface,
+		peerCfg: cfg,
+		bind:    bind,
+		fakeIP:  fakeIP,
+	}
+
+	if err := d.setupLazyConn(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("setup lazy connection: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	d.done.Add(1)
+	return d, nil
+}
+
+// deriveFakeIP creates a deterministic fake IP for bind mode based on peer's NetBird IP.
+// Maps peer IP 100.64.x.y to fake IP 127.2.x.y (similar to relay proxy using 127.1.x.y).
+// It finds the peer's actual NetBird IP by checking which allowedIP is in the same subnet as our WG interface.
+func deriveFakeIP(wgIface WgInterface, allowedIPs []netip.Prefix) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	if len(allowedIPs) == 0 {
+		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("no allowed IPs for peer")
+	}
+
+	ourNetwork := wgIface.Address().Network
+
+	var peerIP netip.Addr
+	for _, allowedIP := range allowedIPs {
+		ip := allowedIP.Addr()
+		if !ip.Is4() {
+			continue
+		}
+		if ourNetwork.Contains(ip) {
+			peerIP = ip
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !peerIP.IsValid() {
+		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("no peer NetBird IP found in allowed IPs")
+	}
+
+	octets := peerIP.As4()
+	fakeIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 2, octets[2], octets[3]})
+	return fakeIP, nil
+}
+
+func (d *BindListener) setupLazyConn() error {
+	d.lazyConn = newLazyConn()
+	d.bind.SetEndpoint(d.fakeIP, d.lazyConn)
+
+	endpoint := &net.UDPAddr{
+		IP:   d.fakeIP.AsSlice(),
+		Port: lazyBindPort,
+	}
+	return d.wgIface.UpdatePeer(d.peerCfg.PublicKey, d.peerCfg.AllowedIPs, 0, endpoint, nil)
+}
+
+// ReadPackets blocks until activity is detected on the LazyConn or the listener is closed.
+func (d *BindListener) ReadPackets() {
+	select {
+	case <-d.lazyConn.ActivityChan():
+		d.peerCfg.Log.Infof("activity detected via LazyConn")
+	case <-d.lazyConn.ctx.Done():
+		d.peerCfg.Log.Infof("exit from activity listener")
+	}
+
+	d.peerCfg.Log.Debugf("removing lazy endpoint for peer %s", d.peerCfg.PublicKey)
+	if err := d.wgIface.RemovePeer(d.peerCfg.PublicKey); err != nil {
+		d.peerCfg.Log.Errorf("failed to remove endpoint: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	_ = d.lazyConn.Close()
+	d.bind.RemoveEndpoint(d.fakeIP)
+	d.done.Done()
+}
+
+// Close stops the listener and cleans up resources.
+func (d *BindListener) Close() {
+	d.peerCfg.Log.Infof("closing activity listener (LazyConn)")
+
+	if err := d.lazyConn.Close(); err != nil {
+		d.peerCfg.Log.Errorf("failed to close LazyConn: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	d.done.Wait()
+}

client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_bind_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+package activity
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
+	peerid "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/id"
+)
+
+func isBindListenerPlatform() bool {
+	return runtime.GOOS == "windows" || runtime.GOOS == "js"
+}
+
+// mockEndpointManager implements device.EndpointManager for testing
+type mockEndpointManager struct {
+	endpoints map[netip.Addr]net.Conn
+}
+
+func newMockEndpointManager() *mockEndpointManager {
+	return &mockEndpointManager{
+		endpoints: make(map[netip.Addr]net.Conn),
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *mockEndpointManager) SetEndpoint(fakeIP netip.Addr, conn net.Conn) {
+	m.endpoints[fakeIP] = conn
+}
+
+func (m *mockEndpointManager) RemoveEndpoint(fakeIP netip.Addr) {
+	delete(m.endpoints, fakeIP)
+}
+
+func (m *mockEndpointManager) GetEndpoint(fakeIP netip.Addr) net.Conn {
+	return m.endpoints[fakeIP]
+}
+
+// MockWGIfaceBind mocks WgInterface with bind support
+type MockWGIfaceBind struct {
+	endpointMgr *mockEndpointManager
+}
+
+func (m *MockWGIfaceBind) RemovePeer(string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *MockWGIfaceBind) UpdatePeer(string, []netip.Prefix, time.Duration, *net.UDPAddr, *wgtypes.Key) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *MockWGIfaceBind) IsUserspaceBind() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (m *MockWGIfaceBind) Address() wgaddr.Address {
+	return wgaddr.Address{
+		IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16"),
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *MockWGIfaceBind) GetBind() device.EndpointManager {
+	return m.endpointMgr
+}
+
+func TestBindListener_Creation(t *testing.T) {
+	mockEndpointMgr := newMockEndpointManager()
+	mockIface := &MockWGIfaceBind{endpointMgr: mockEndpointMgr}
+
+	peer := &MocPeer{PeerID: "testPeer1"}
+	cfg := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey:  peer.PeerID,
+		PeerConnID: peer.ConnID(),
+		AllowedIPs: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.2/32")},
+		Log:        log.WithField("peer", "testPeer1"),
+	}
+
+	listener, err := NewBindListener(mockIface, mockEndpointMgr, cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	expectedFakeIP := netip.MustParseAddr("127.2.0.2")
+	conn := mockEndpointMgr.GetEndpoint(expectedFakeIP)
+	require.NotNil(t, conn, "Endpoint should be registered in mock endpoint manager")
+
+	_, ok := conn.(*lazyConn)
+	assert.True(t, ok, "Registered endpoint should be a lazyConn")
+
+	readPacketsDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		listener.ReadPackets()
+		close(readPacketsDone)
+	}()
+
+	listener.Close()
+
+	select {
+	case <-readPacketsDone:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for ReadPackets to exit after Close")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBindListener_ActivityDetection(t *testing.T) {
+	mockEndpointMgr := newMockEndpointManager()
+	mockIface := &MockWGIfaceBind{endpointMgr: mockEndpointMgr}
+
+	peer := &MocPeer{PeerID: "testPeer1"}
+	cfg := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey:  peer.PeerID,
+		PeerConnID: peer.ConnID(),
+		AllowedIPs: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.2/32")},
+		Log:        log.WithField("peer", "testPeer1"),
+	}
+
+	listener, err := NewBindListener(mockIface, mockEndpointMgr, cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	activityDetected := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		listener.ReadPackets()
+		close(activityDetected)
+	}()
+
+	fakeIP := listener.fakeIP
+	conn := mockEndpointMgr.GetEndpoint(fakeIP)
+	require.NotNil(t, conn, "Endpoint should be registered")
+
+	_, err = conn.Write([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-activityDetected:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for activity detection")
+	}
+
+	assert.Nil(t, mockEndpointMgr.GetEndpoint(fakeIP), "Endpoint should be removed after activity detection")
+}
+
+func TestBindListener_Close(t *testing.T) {
+	mockEndpointMgr := newMockEndpointManager()
+	mockIface := &MockWGIfaceBind{endpointMgr: mockEndpointMgr}
+
+	peer := &MocPeer{PeerID: "testPeer1"}
+	cfg := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey:  peer.PeerID,
+		PeerConnID: peer.ConnID(),
+		AllowedIPs: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.2/32")},
+		Log:        log.WithField("peer", "testPeer1"),
+	}
+
+	listener, err := NewBindListener(mockIface, mockEndpointMgr, cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	readPacketsDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		listener.ReadPackets()
+		close(readPacketsDone)
+	}()
+
+	fakeIP := listener.fakeIP
+	listener.Close()
+
+	select {
+	case <-readPacketsDone:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for ReadPackets to exit after Close")
+	}
+
+	assert.Nil(t, mockEndpointMgr.GetEndpoint(fakeIP), "Endpoint should be removed after Close")
+}
+
+func TestManager_BindMode(t *testing.T) {
+	if !isBindListenerPlatform() {
+		t.Skip("BindListener only used on Windows/JS platforms")
+	}
+
+	mockEndpointMgr := newMockEndpointManager()
+	mockIface := &MockWGIfaceBind{endpointMgr: mockEndpointMgr}
+
+	peer := &MocPeer{PeerID: "testPeer1"}
+	mgr := NewManager(mockIface)
+	defer mgr.Close()
+
+	cfg := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey:  peer.PeerID,
+		PeerConnID: peer.ConnID(),
+		AllowedIPs: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.2/32")},
+		Log:        log.WithField("peer", "testPeer1"),
+	}
+
+	err := mgr.MonitorPeerActivity(cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	listener, exists := mgr.GetPeerListener(cfg.PeerConnID)
+	require.True(t, exists, "Peer listener should be found")
+
+	bindListener, ok := listener.(*BindListener)
+	require.True(t, ok, "Listener should be BindListener, got %T", listener)
+
+	fakeIP := bindListener.fakeIP
+	conn := mockEndpointMgr.GetEndpoint(fakeIP)
+	require.NotNil(t, conn, "Endpoint should be registered")
+
+	_, err = conn.Write([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case peerConnID := <-mgr.OnActivityChan:
+		assert.Equal(t, cfg.PeerConnID, peerConnID, "Received peer connection ID should match")
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for activity notification")
+	}
+
+	assert.Nil(t, mockEndpointMgr.GetEndpoint(fakeIP), "Endpoint should be removed after activity")
+}
+
+func TestManager_BindMode_MultiplePeers(t *testing.T) {
+	if !isBindListenerPlatform() {
+		t.Skip("BindListener only used on Windows/JS platforms")
+	}
+
+	mockEndpointMgr := newMockEndpointManager()
+	mockIface := &MockWGIfaceBind{endpointMgr: mockEndpointMgr}
+
+	peer1 := &MocPeer{PeerID: "testPeer1"}
+	peer2 := &MocPeer{PeerID: "testPeer2"}
+	mgr := NewManager(mockIface)
+	defer mgr.Close()
+
+	cfg1 := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey:  peer1.PeerID,
+		PeerConnID: peer1.ConnID(),
+		AllowedIPs: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.2/32")},
+		Log:        log.WithField("peer", "testPeer1"),
+	}
+
+	cfg2 := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey:  peer2.PeerID,
+		PeerConnID: peer2.ConnID(),
+		AllowedIPs: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.3/32")},
+		Log:        log.WithField("peer", "testPeer2"),
+	}
+
+	err := mgr.MonitorPeerActivity(cfg1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = mgr.MonitorPeerActivity(cfg2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	listener1, exists := mgr.GetPeerListener(cfg1.PeerConnID)
+	require.True(t, exists, "Peer1 listener should be found")
+	bindListener1 := listener1.(*BindListener)
+
+	listener2, exists := mgr.GetPeerListener(cfg2.PeerConnID)
+	require.True(t, exists, "Peer2 listener should be found")
+	bindListener2 := listener2.(*BindListener)
+
+	conn1 := mockEndpointMgr.GetEndpoint(bindListener1.fakeIP)
+	require.NotNil(t, conn1, "Peer1 endpoint should be registered")
+	_, err = conn1.Write([]byte{0x01})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	conn2 := mockEndpointMgr.GetEndpoint(bindListener2.fakeIP)
+	require.NotNil(t, conn2, "Peer2 endpoint should be registered")
+	_, err = conn2.Write([]byte{0x02})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	receivedPeers := make(map[peerid.ConnID]bool)
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		select {
+		case peerConnID := <-mgr.OnActivityChan:
+			receivedPeers[peerConnID] = true
+		case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+			t.Fatal("timeout waiting for activity notifications")
+		}
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, receivedPeers[cfg1.PeerConnID], "Peer1 activity should be received")
+	assert.True(t, receivedPeers[cfg2.PeerConnID], "Peer2 activity should be received")
+}

client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_test.go

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-package activity
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
-)
-
-func TestNewListener(t *testing.T) {
-	peer := &MocPeer{
-		PeerID: "examplePublicKey1",
-	}
-
-	cfg := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
-		PublicKey:  peer.PeerID,
-		PeerConnID: peer.ConnID(),
-		Log:        log.WithField("peer", "examplePublicKey1"),
-	}
-
-	l, err := NewListener(MocWGIface{}, cfg)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to create listener: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	chanClosed := make(chan struct{})
-	go func() {
-		defer close(chanClosed)
-		l.ReadPackets()
-	}()
-
-	time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-	l.Close()
-
-	select {
-	case <-chanClosed:
-	case <-time.After(time.Second):
-	}
-}

client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_udp.go

@@ -11,26 +11,27 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
 )
 
-// Listener it is not a thread safe implementation, do not call Close before ReadPackets. It will cause blocking
-type Listener struct {
+// UDPListener uses UDP sockets for activity detection in kernel mode.
+type UDPListener struct {
 	wgIface  WgInterface
 	peerCfg  lazyconn.PeerConfig
 	conn     *net.UDPConn
 	endpoint *net.UDPAddr
 	done     sync.Mutex
 
-	isClosed atomic.Bool // use to avoid error log when closing the listener
+	isClosed atomic.Bool
 }
 
-func NewListener(wgIface WgInterface, cfg lazyconn.PeerConfig) (*Listener, error) {
-	d := &Listener{
+// NewUDPListener creates a listener that detects activity via UDP socket reads.
+func NewUDPListener(wgIface WgInterface, cfg lazyconn.PeerConfig) (*UDPListener, error) {
+	d := &UDPListener{
 		wgIface: wgIface,
 		peerCfg: cfg,
 	}
 
 	conn, err := d.newConn()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to creating activity listener: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create UDP connection: %v", err)
 	}
 	d.conn = conn
 	d.endpoint = conn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr)
@@ -38,12 +39,14 @@ func NewListener(wgIface WgInterface, cfg lazyconn.PeerConfig) (*Listener, error
 	if err := d.createEndpoint(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
 	d.done.Lock()
-	cfg.Log.Infof("created activity listener: %s", conn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr).String())
+	cfg.Log.Infof("created activity listener: %s", d.conn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr).String())
 	return d, nil
 }
 
-func (d *Listener) ReadPackets() {
+// ReadPackets blocks reading from the UDP socket until activity is detected or the listener is closed.
+func (d *UDPListener) ReadPackets() {
 	for {
 		n, remoteAddr, err := d.conn.ReadFromUDP(make([]byte, 1))
 		if err != nil {
@@ -64,15 +67,17 @@ func (d *Listener) ReadPackets() {
 	}
 
 	d.peerCfg.Log.Debugf("removing lazy endpoint: %s", d.endpoint.String())
-	if err := d.removeEndpoint(); err != nil {
+	if err := d.wgIface.RemovePeer(d.peerCfg.PublicKey); err != nil {
 		d.peerCfg.Log.Errorf("failed to remove endpoint: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	_ = d.conn.Close() // do not care err because some cases it will return "use of closed network connection"
+	// Ignore close error as it may return "use of closed network connection" if already closed.
+	_ = d.conn.Close()
 	d.done.Unlock()
 }
 
-func (d *Listener) Close() {
+// Close stops the listener and cleans up resources.
+func (d *UDPListener) Close() {
 	d.peerCfg.Log.Infof("closing activity listener: %s", d.conn.LocalAddr().String())
 	d.isClosed.Store(true)
 
@@ -82,16 +87,12 @@ func (d *Listener) Close() {
 	d.done.Lock()
 }
 
-func (d *Listener) removeEndpoint() error {
-	return d.wgIface.RemovePeer(d.peerCfg.PublicKey)
-}
-
-func (d *Listener) createEndpoint() error {
+func (d *UDPListener) createEndpoint() error {
 	d.peerCfg.Log.Debugf("creating lazy endpoint: %s", d.endpoint.String())
 	return d.wgIface.UpdatePeer(d.peerCfg.PublicKey, d.peerCfg.AllowedIPs, 0, d.endpoint, nil)
 }
 
-func (d *Listener) newConn() (*net.UDPConn, error) {
+func (d *UDPListener) newConn() (*net.UDPConn, error) {
 	addr := &net.UDPAddr{
 		Port: 0,
 		IP:   listenIP,

client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_udp_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+package activity
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
+)
+
+func TestUDPListener_Creation(t *testing.T) {
+	mockIface := &MocWGIface{}
+
+	peer := &MocPeer{PeerID: "testPeer1"}
+	cfg := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey:  peer.PeerID,
+		PeerConnID: peer.ConnID(),
+		AllowedIPs: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.2/32")},
+		Log:        log.WithField("peer", "testPeer1"),
+	}
+
+	listener, err := NewUDPListener(mockIface, cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, listener.conn)
+	require.NotNil(t, listener.endpoint)
+
+	readPacketsDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		listener.ReadPackets()
+		close(readPacketsDone)
+	}()
+
+	listener.Close()
+
+	select {
+	case <-readPacketsDone:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for ReadPackets to exit after Close")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUDPListener_ActivityDetection(t *testing.T) {
+	mockIface := &MocWGIface{}
+
+	peer := &MocPeer{PeerID: "testPeer1"}
+	cfg := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey:  peer.PeerID,
+		PeerConnID: peer.ConnID(),
+		AllowedIPs: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.2/32")},
+		Log:        log.WithField("peer", "testPeer1"),
+	}
+
+	listener, err := NewUDPListener(mockIface, cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	activityDetected := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		listener.ReadPackets()
+		close(activityDetected)
+	}()
+
+	conn, err := net.Dial("udp", listener.conn.LocalAddr().String())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	_, err = conn.Write([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-activityDetected:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for activity detection")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUDPListener_Close(t *testing.T) {
+	mockIface := &MocWGIface{}
+
+	peer := &MocPeer{PeerID: "testPeer1"}
+	cfg := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
+		PublicKey:  peer.PeerID,
+		PeerConnID: peer.ConnID(),
+		AllowedIPs: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.2/32")},
+		Log:        log.WithField("peer", "testPeer1"),
+	}
+
+	listener, err := NewUDPListener(mockIface, cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	readPacketsDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		listener.ReadPackets()
+		close(readPacketsDone)
+	}()
+
+	listener.Close()
+
+	select {
+	case <-readPacketsDone:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for ReadPackets to exit after Close")
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, listener.isClosed.Load(), "Listener should be marked as closed")
+}

client/internal/lazyconn/activity/manager.go

@@ -1,21 +1,32 @@
 package activity
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"runtime"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
 	peerid "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/id"
 )
 
+// listener defines the contract for activity detection listeners.
+type listener interface {
+	ReadPackets()
+	Close()
+}
+
 type WgInterface interface {
 	RemovePeer(peerKey string) error
 	UpdatePeer(peerKey string, allowedIps []netip.Prefix, keepAlive time.Duration, endpoint *net.UDPAddr, preSharedKey *wgtypes.Key) error
+	IsUserspaceBind() bool
+	Address() wgaddr.Address
 }
 
 type Manager struct {
@@ -23,7 +34,7 @@ type Manager struct {
 
 	wgIface WgInterface
 
-	peers map[peerid.ConnID]*Listener
+	peers map[peerid.ConnID]listener
 	done  chan struct{}
 
 	mu sync.Mutex
@@ -33,7 +44,7 @@ func NewManager(wgIface WgInterface) *Manager {
 	m := &Manager{
 		OnActivityChan: make(chan peerid.ConnID, 1),
 		wgIface:        wgIface,
-		peers:          make(map[peerid.ConnID]*Listener),
+		peers:          make(map[peerid.ConnID]listener),
 		done:           make(chan struct{}),
 	}
 	return m
@@ -48,16 +59,38 @@ func (m *Manager) MonitorPeerActivity(peerCfg lazyconn.PeerConfig) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	listener, err := NewListener(m.wgIface, peerCfg)
+	listener, err := m.createListener(peerCfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	m.peers[peerCfg.PeerConnID] = listener
 
+	m.peers[peerCfg.PeerConnID] = listener
 	go m.waitForTraffic(listener, peerCfg.PeerConnID)
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *Manager) createListener(peerCfg lazyconn.PeerConfig) (listener, error) {
+	if !m.wgIface.IsUserspaceBind() {
+		return NewUDPListener(m.wgIface, peerCfg)
+	}
+
+	// BindListener is only used on Windows and JS platforms:
+	// - JS: Cannot listen to UDP sockets
+	// - Windows: IP_UNICAST_IF socket option forces packets out the interface the default
+	//   gateway points to, preventing them from reaching the loopback interface.
+	//   BindListener bypasses this by passing data directly through the bind.
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" && runtime.GOOS != "js" {
+		return NewUDPListener(m.wgIface, peerCfg)
+	}
+
+	provider, ok := m.wgIface.(bindProvider)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("interface claims userspace bind but doesn't implement bindProvider")
+	}
+
+	return NewBindListener(m.wgIface, provider.GetBind(), peerCfg)
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) RemovePeer(log *log.Entry, peerConnID peerid.ConnID) {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
@@ -82,8 +115,8 @@ func (m *Manager) Close() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) waitForTraffic(listener *Listener, peerConnID peerid.ConnID) {
-	listener.ReadPackets()
+func (m *Manager) waitForTraffic(l listener, peerConnID peerid.ConnID) {
+	l.ReadPackets()
 
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	if _, ok := m.peers[peerConnID]; !ok {

client/internal/lazyconn/activity/manager_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
 	peerid "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/id"
 )
@@ -30,16 +31,26 @@ func (m MocWGIface) RemovePeer(string) error {
 
 func (m MocWGIface) UpdatePeer(string, []netip.Prefix, time.Duration, *net.UDPAddr, *wgtypes.Key) error {
 	return nil
-
 }
 
-// Add this method to the Manager struct
-func (m *Manager) GetPeerListener(peerConnID peerid.ConnID) (*Listener, bool) {
+func (m MocWGIface) IsUserspaceBind() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (m MocWGIface) Address() wgaddr.Address {
+	return wgaddr.Address{
+		IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16"),
+	}
+}
+
+// GetPeerListener is a test helper to access listeners
+func (m *Manager) GetPeerListener(peerConnID peerid.ConnID) (listener, bool) {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
 
-	listener, exists := m.peers[peerConnID]
-	return listener, exists
+	l, exists := m.peers[peerConnID]
+	return l, exists
 }
 
 func TestManager_MonitorPeerActivity(t *testing.T) {
@@ -65,7 +76,12 @@ func TestManager_MonitorPeerActivity(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("peer listener not found")
 	}
 
-	if err := trigger(listener.conn.LocalAddr().String()); err != nil {
+	// Get the UDP listener's address for triggering
+	udpListener, ok := listener.(*UDPListener)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected UDPListener")
+	}
+	if err := trigger(udpListener.conn.LocalAddr().String()); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to trigger activity: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -97,7 +113,9 @@ func TestManager_RemovePeerActivity(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to monitor peer activity: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	addr := mgr.peers[peerCfg1.PeerConnID].conn.LocalAddr().String()
+	listener, _ := mgr.GetPeerListener(peerCfg1.PeerConnID)
+	udpListener, _ := listener.(*UDPListener)
+	addr := udpListener.conn.LocalAddr().String()
 
 	mgr.RemovePeer(peerCfg1.Log, peerCfg1.PeerConnID)
 
@@ -147,7 +165,8 @@ func TestManager_MultiPeerActivity(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("peer listener for peer1 not found")
 	}
 
-	if err := trigger(listener.conn.LocalAddr().String()); err != nil {
+	udpListener1, _ := listener.(*UDPListener)
+	if err := trigger(udpListener1.conn.LocalAddr().String()); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to trigger activity: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -156,7 +175,8 @@ func TestManager_MultiPeerActivity(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("peer listener for peer2 not found")
 	}
 
-	if err := trigger(listener.conn.LocalAddr().String()); err != nil {
+	udpListener2, _ := listener.(*UDPListener)
+	if err := trigger(udpListener2.conn.LocalAddr().String()); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to trigger activity: %v", err)
 	}
 

client/internal/lazyconn/wgiface.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/monotime"
 )
 
@@ -14,5 +15,6 @@ type WGIface interface {
 	RemovePeer(peerKey string) error
 	UpdatePeer(peerKey string, allowedIps []netip.Prefix, keepAlive time.Duration, endpoint *net.UDPAddr, preSharedKey *wgtypes.Key) error
 	IsUserspaceBind() bool
+	Address() wgaddr.Address
 	LastActivities() map[string]monotime.Time
 }

client/internal/login.go

@@ -124,6 +124,11 @@ func doMgmLogin(ctx context.Context, mgmClient *mgm.GrpcClient, pubSSHKey []byte
 		config.BlockLANAccess,
 		config.BlockInbound,
 		config.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+		config.EnableSSHRoot,
+		config.EnableSSHSFTP,
+		config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
+		config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
+		config.DisableSSHAuth,
 	)
 	loginResp, err := mgmClient.Login(*serverKey, sysInfo, pubSSHKey, config.DNSLabels)
 	return serverKey, loginResp, err
@@ -150,6 +155,11 @@ func registerPeer(ctx context.Context, serverPublicKey wgtypes.Key, client *mgm.
 		config.BlockLANAccess,
 		config.BlockInbound,
 		config.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+		config.EnableSSHRoot,
+		config.EnableSSHSFTP,
+		config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
+		config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
+		config.DisableSSHAuth,
 	)
 	loginResp, err := client.Register(serverPublicKey, validSetupKey.String(), jwtToken, info, pubSSHKey, config.DNSLabels)
 	if err != nil {

client/internal/netflow/logger/logger.go

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dnsfwd"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 )
 
 type rcvChan chan *types.EventFields
@@ -138,7 +138,8 @@ func (l *Logger) UpdateConfig(dnsCollection, exitNodeCollection bool) {
 
 func (l *Logger) shouldStore(event *types.EventFields, isExitNode bool) bool {
 	// check dns collection
-	if !l.dnsCollection.Load() && event.Protocol == types.UDP && (event.DestPort == 53 || event.DestPort == uint16(dnsfwd.ListenPort())) {
+	if !l.dnsCollection.Load() && event.Protocol == types.UDP &&
+		(event.DestPort == 53 || event.DestPort == dns.ForwarderClientPort || event.DestPort == dns.ForwarderServerPort) {
 		return false
 	}
 

client/internal/netflow/manager.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 // Manager handles netflow tracking and logging
 type Manager struct {
 	mux            sync.Mutex
+	shutdownWg     sync.WaitGroup
 	logger         nftypes.FlowLogger
 	flowConfig     *nftypes.FlowConfig
 	conntrack      nftypes.ConnTracker
@@ -105,8 +106,15 @@ func (m *Manager) resetClient() error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	m.cancel = cancel
 
-	go m.receiveACKs(ctx, flowClient)
-	go m.startSender(ctx)
+	m.shutdownWg.Add(2)
+	go func() {
+		defer m.shutdownWg.Done()
+		m.receiveACKs(ctx, flowClient)
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		defer m.shutdownWg.Done()
+		m.startSender(ctx)
+	}()
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -176,11 +184,12 @@ func (m *Manager) Update(update *nftypes.FlowConfig) error {
 // Close cleans up all resources
 func (m *Manager) Close() {
 	m.mux.Lock()
-	defer m.mux.Unlock()
-
 	if err := m.disableFlow(); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("failed to disable flow manager: %v", err)
 	}
+	m.mux.Unlock()
+
+	m.shutdownWg.Wait()
 }
 
 // GetLogger returns the flow logger

client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_bsd.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build (darwin && !ios) || dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
+//go:build dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
 
 package networkmonitor
 
@@ -6,21 +6,19 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"syscall"
-	"unsafe"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/net/route"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
 )
 
 func checkChange(ctx context.Context, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop) error {
-	fd, err := unix.Socket(syscall.AF_ROUTE, syscall.SOCK_RAW, syscall.AF_UNSPEC)
+	fd, err := prepareFd()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("open routing socket: %v", err)
 	}
+
 	defer func() {
 		err := unix.Close(fd)
 		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, unix.EBADF) {
@@ -28,72 +26,5 @@ func checkChange(ctx context.Context, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop) er
 		}
 	}()
 
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		default:
-			buf := make([]byte, 2048)
-			n, err := unix.Read(fd, buf)
-			if err != nil {
-				if !errors.Is(err, unix.EBADF) && !errors.Is(err, unix.EINVAL) {
-					log.Warnf("Network monitor: failed to read from routing socket: %v", err)
-				}
-				continue
-			}
-			if n < unix.SizeofRtMsghdr {
-				log.Debugf("Network monitor: read from routing socket returned less than expected: %d bytes", n)
-				continue
-			}
-
-			msg := (*unix.RtMsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0]))
-
-			switch msg.Type {
-			// handle route changes
-			case unix.RTM_ADD, syscall.RTM_DELETE:
-				route, err := parseRouteMessage(buf[:n])
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Debugf("Network monitor: error parsing routing message: %v", err)
-					continue
-				}
-
-				if route.Dst.Bits() != 0 {
-					continue
-				}
-
-				intf := "<nil>"
-				if route.Interface != nil {
-					intf = route.Interface.Name
-				}
-				switch msg.Type {
-				case unix.RTM_ADD:
-					log.Infof("Network monitor: default route changed: via %s, interface %s", route.Gw, intf)
-					return nil
-				case unix.RTM_DELETE:
-					if nexthopv4.Intf != nil && route.Gw.Compare(nexthopv4.IP) == 0 || nexthopv6.Intf != nil && route.Gw.Compare(nexthopv6.IP) == 0 {
-						log.Infof("Network monitor: default route removed: via %s, interface %s", route.Gw, intf)
-						return nil
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func parseRouteMessage(buf []byte) (*systemops.Route, error) {
-	msgs, err := route.ParseRIB(route.RIBTypeRoute, buf)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse RIB: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if len(msgs) != 1 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message msgs: %v", msgs)
-	}
-
-	msg, ok := msgs[0].(*route.RouteMessage)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message type: %T", msgs[0])
-	}
-
-	return systemops.MsgToRoute(msg)
+	return routeCheck(ctx, fd, nexthopv4, nexthopv6)
 }