add todos

Fix a bug where the post context was canceled before sending metrics to the server.

The interval time was decreased, and an optional environment variable NETBIRD_METRICS_INTERVAL_IN_SECONDS was added to control the interval time.

* update doc URL

.github/workflows/golang-test-darwin.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
   test:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        store: ['jsonfile', 'sqlite']
+        store: ['sqlite']
     runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
       - name: Install Go

.github/workflows/golang-test-freebsd.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+
+name: Test Code FreeBSD
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  pull_request:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.actor_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Test in FreeBSD
+        id: test
+        uses: vmactions/freebsd-vm@v1
+        with:
+          usesh: true
+          prepare: |
+            pkg install -y curl
+            pkg install -y git
+
+          run: |
+            set -x
+            curl -o go.tar.gz https://go.dev/dl/go1.21.11.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz -L
+            tar zxf go.tar.gz
+            mv go /usr/local/go
+            ln -s /usr/local/go/bin/go /usr/local/bin/go
+            go mod tidy
+            go test -timeout 5m -p 1 ./iface/...
+            go test -timeout 5m -p 1 ./client/... 
+            cd client
+            go build .
+            cd ..

.github/workflows/golang-test-linux.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         arch: [ '386','amd64' ]
-        store: [ 'jsonfile', 'sqlite' ]
+        store: [ 'sqlite', 'postgres']
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Install Go
@@ -86,7 +86,10 @@ jobs:
         run: CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -c -o sharedsock-testing.bin ./sharedsock
 
       - name: Generate RouteManager Test bin
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=1 go test -c -o routemanager-testing.bin -tags netgo -ldflags '-w -extldflags "-static -ldbus-1 -lpcap"' ./client/internal/routemanager/...
+        run: CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -c -o routemanager-testing.bin  ./client/internal/routemanager
+
+      - name: Generate SystemOps Test bin
+        run: CGO_ENABLED=1 go test -c -o systemops-testing.bin -tags netgo -ldflags '-w -extldflags "-static -ldbus-1 -lpcap"' ./client/internal/routemanager/systemops
 
       - name: Generate nftables Manager Test bin
         run: CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -c -o nftablesmanager-testing.bin ./client/firewall/nftables/...
@@ -108,6 +111,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run RouteManager tests in docker
         run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/internal/routemanager --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/routemanager-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
 
+      - name: Run SystemOps tests in docker
+        run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/internal/routemanager/systemops --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/systemops-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
+
       - name: Run nftables Manager tests in docker
         run: docker run -t --cap-add=NET_ADMIN --privileged --rm -v $PWD:/ci -w /ci/client/firewall --entrypoint /busybox/sh gcr.io/distroless/base:debug -c /ci/nftablesmanager-testing.bin  -test.timeout 5m -test.parallel 1
 

.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: codespell
         uses: codespell-project/actions-codespell@v2
         with:
-          ignore_words_list: erro,clienta
+          ignore_words_list: erro,clienta,hastable,
           skip: go.mod,go.sum
           only_warn: 1
   golangci:

.github/workflows/mobile-build-validation.yml

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup NDK
         run: /usr/local/lib/android/sdk/cmdline-tools/7.0/bin/sdkmanager --install "ndk;23.1.7779620"
       - name: install gomobile
-        run: go install golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gomobile@v0.0.0-20230531173138-3c911d8e3eda
+        run: go install golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gomobile@v0.0.0-20240404231514-09dbf07665ed
       - name: gomobile init
         run: gomobile init
       - name: build android netbird lib
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ jobs:
         with:
           go-version: "1.21.x"
       - name: install gomobile
-        run: go install golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gomobile@v0.0.0-20230531173138-3c911d8e3eda
+        run: go install golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gomobile@v0.0.0-20240404231514-09dbf07665ed
       - name: gomobile init
         run: gomobile init
       - name: build iOS netbird lib
-        run: PATH=$PATH:$(go env GOPATH) gomobile bind -target=ios -bundleid=io.netbird.framework -ldflags="-X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version=buildtest" -o $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/NetBirdSDK.xcframework $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/client/ios/NetBirdSDK
+        run: PATH=$PATH:$(go env GOPATH) gomobile bind -target=ios -bundleid=io.netbird.framework -ldflags="-X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version=buildtest" -o ./NetBirdSDK.xcframework ./client/ios/NetBirdSDK
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: 0

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -7,17 +7,7 @@ on:
     branches:
       - main
   pull_request:
-    paths:
+
-      - 'go.mod'
-      - 'go.sum'
-      - '.goreleaser.yml'
-      - '.goreleaser_ui.yaml'
-      - '.goreleaser_ui_darwin.yaml'
-      - '.github/workflows/release.yml'
-      - 'release_files/**'
-      - '**/Dockerfile'
-      - '**/Dockerfile.*'
-      - 'client/ui/**'
 
 env:
   SIGN_PIPE_VER: "v0.0.11"
@@ -106,6 +96,27 @@ jobs:
           name: release
           path: dist/
           retention-days: 3
+      -
+        name: upload linux packages
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: linux-packages
+          path: dist/netbird_linux**
+          retention-days: 3
+      -
+        name: upload windows packages
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: windows-packages
+          path: dist/netbird_windows**
+          retention-days: 3
+      -
+        name: upload macos packages
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: macos-packages
+          path: dist/netbird_darwin**
+          retention-days: 3
 
   release_ui:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -162,7 +173,7 @@ jobs:
           retention-days: 3
 
   release_ui_darwin:
-    runs-on: macos-11
+    runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
       - if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
         run: echo "flags=--snapshot" >> $GITHUB_ENV

.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml

@@ -178,34 +178,79 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
-      - name: run script
+      - name: run script with Zitadel PostgreSQL
         run: NETBIRD_DOMAIN=use-ip bash -x infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
 
-      - name: test Caddy file gen
+      - name: test Caddy file gen postgres
         run: test -f Caddyfile
-      - name: test docker-compose file gen
+
+      - name: test docker-compose file gen postgres
         run: test -f docker-compose.yml
-      - name: test management.json file gen
+
+      - name: test management.json file gen postgres
         run: test -f management.json
-      - name: test turnserver.conf file gen
+
+      - name: test turnserver.conf file gen postgres
         run: | 
           set -x
           test -f turnserver.conf
           grep external-ip turnserver.conf
-      - name: test zitadel.env file gen
+
+      - name: test zitadel.env file gen postgres
         run: test -f zitadel.env
-      - name: test dashboard.env file gen
+
+      - name: test dashboard.env file gen postgres
         run: test -f dashboard.env
+
+      - name: test zdb.env file gen postgres
+        run: test -f zdb.env
+
+      - name: Postgres run cleanup
+        run: |
+          docker-compose down --volumes --rmi all
+          rm -rf docker-compose.yml Caddyfile zitadel.env dashboard.env machinekey/zitadel-admin-sa.token turnserver.conf management.json zdb.env
+
+      - name: run script with Zitadel CockroachDB
+        run: bash -x infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
+        env:
+          NETBIRD_DOMAIN: use-ip
+          ZITADEL_DATABASE: cockroach
+
+      - name: test Caddy file gen CockroachDB
+        run: test -f Caddyfile
+
+      - name: test docker-compose file gen CockroachDB
+        run: test -f docker-compose.yml
+
+      - name: test management.json file gen CockroachDB
+        run: test -f management.json
+
+      - name: test turnserver.conf file gen CockroachDB
+        run: | 
+          set -x
+          test -f turnserver.conf
+          grep external-ip turnserver.conf
+
+      - name: test zitadel.env file gen CockroachDB
+        run: test -f zitadel.env
+
+      - name: test dashboard.env file gen CockroachDB
+        run: test -f dashboard.env
+
   test-download-geolite2-script:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Install jq
         run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y unzip sqlite3
+
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
       - name: test script
         run: bash -x infrastructure_files/download-geolite2.sh
+
       - name: test mmdb file exists
         run: test -f GeoLite2-City.mmdb
+
       - name: test geonames file exists
         run: test -f geonames.db

.golangci.yaml

@@ -130,3 +130,10 @@ issues:
     - path: mock\.go
       linters:
       - nilnil
+    # Exclude specific deprecation warnings for grpc methods
+    - linters:
+       - staticcheck
+      text: "grpc.DialContext is deprecated"
+    - linters:
+        - staticcheck
+      text: "grpc.WithBlock is deprecated"

.goreleaser_ui_darwin.yaml

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ builds:
   - id: netbird-ui-darwin
     dir: client/ui
     binary: netbird-ui
-    env: [CGO_ENABLED=1]
+    env:
-
+      - CGO_ENABLED=1
+      - MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.0
+      - MACOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.0
     goos:
       - darwin
     goarch:

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
 community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
 size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
-identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status,
+identity and expression, level of experience, education, socioeconomic status,
 nationality, personal appearance, race, caste, color, religion, or sexual
 identity and orientation.
 

README.md

@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@
 
 ### Open-Source Network Security in a Single Platform
 
-![image](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/assets/700848/c0d7bae4-3301-499a-bb4e-5e4a225bf35f)
+
+![netbird_2](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/assets/700848/46bc3b73-508d-4a0e-bb9a-f465d68646ab)
 
 
 ### Key features

client/Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-FROM alpine:3.18.5
+FROM alpine:3.19
 RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates iptables ip6tables
 ENV NB_FOREGROUND_MODE=true
-ENTRYPOINT [ "/go/bin/netbird","up"]
+ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/local/bin/netbird","up"]
-COPY netbird /go/bin/netbird
+COPY netbird /usr/local/bin/netbird

client/android/client.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build android
+
 package android
 
 import (
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
 // ConnectionListener export internal Listener for mobile
@@ -54,14 +57,17 @@ type Client struct {
 	ctxCancel             context.CancelFunc
 	ctxCancelLock         *sync.Mutex
 	deviceName            string
+	uiVersion             string
 	networkChangeListener listener.NetworkChangeListener
 }
 
 // NewClient instantiate a new Client
-func NewClient(cfgFile, deviceName string, tunAdapter TunAdapter, iFaceDiscover IFaceDiscover, networkChangeListener NetworkChangeListener) *Client {
+func NewClient(cfgFile, deviceName string, uiVersion string, tunAdapter TunAdapter, iFaceDiscover IFaceDiscover, networkChangeListener NetworkChangeListener) *Client {
+	net.SetAndroidProtectSocketFn(tunAdapter.ProtectSocket)
 	return &Client{
 		cfgFile:               cfgFile,
 		deviceName:            deviceName,
+		uiVersion:             uiVersion,
 		tunAdapter:            tunAdapter,
 		iFaceDiscover:         iFaceDiscover,
 		recorder:              peer.NewRecorder(""),
@@ -84,6 +90,9 @@ func (c *Client) Run(urlOpener URLOpener, dns *DNSList, dnsReadyListener DnsRead
 	var ctx context.Context
 	//nolint
 	ctxWithValues := context.WithValue(context.Background(), system.DeviceNameCtxKey, c.deviceName)
+	//nolint
+	ctxWithValues = context.WithValue(ctxWithValues, system.UiVersionCtxKey, c.uiVersion)
+
 	c.ctxCancelLock.Lock()
 	ctx, c.ctxCancel = context.WithCancel(ctxWithValues)
 	defer c.ctxCancel()
@@ -97,7 +106,8 @@ func (c *Client) Run(urlOpener URLOpener, dns *DNSList, dnsReadyListener DnsRead
 
 	// todo do not throw error in case of cancelled context
 	ctx = internal.CtxInitState(ctx)
-	return internal.RunClientMobile(ctx, cfg, c.recorder, c.tunAdapter, c.iFaceDiscover, c.networkChangeListener, dns.items, dnsReadyListener)
+	connectClient := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder)
+	return connectClient.RunOnAndroid(c.tunAdapter, c.iFaceDiscover, c.networkChangeListener, dns.items, dnsReadyListener)
 }
 
 // RunWithoutLogin we apply this type of run function when the backed has been started without UI (i.e. after reboot).
@@ -122,7 +132,8 @@ func (c *Client) RunWithoutLogin(dns *DNSList, dnsReadyListener DnsReadyListener
 
 	// todo do not throw error in case of cancelled context
 	ctx = internal.CtxInitState(ctx)
-	return internal.RunClientMobile(ctx, cfg, c.recorder, c.tunAdapter, c.iFaceDiscover, c.networkChangeListener, dns.items, dnsReadyListener)
+	connectClient := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder)
+	return connectClient.RunOnAndroid(c.tunAdapter, c.iFaceDiscover, c.networkChangeListener, dns.items, dnsReadyListener)
 }
 
 // Stop the internal client and free the resources

client/anonymize/anonymize.go

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+package anonymize
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"net/url"
+	"regexp"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type Anonymizer struct {
+	ipAnonymizer     map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr
+	domainAnonymizer map[string]string
+	currentAnonIPv4  netip.Addr
+	currentAnonIPv6  netip.Addr
+	startAnonIPv4    netip.Addr
+	startAnonIPv6    netip.Addr
+}
+
+func DefaultAddresses() (netip.Addr, netip.Addr) {
+	// 192.51.100.0, 100::
+	return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{198, 51, 100, 0}), netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{0x01})
+}
+
+func NewAnonymizer(startIPv4, startIPv6 netip.Addr) *Anonymizer {
+	return &Anonymizer{
+		ipAnonymizer:     map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr{},
+		domainAnonymizer: map[string]string{},
+		currentAnonIPv4:  startIPv4,
+		currentAnonIPv6:  startIPv6,
+		startAnonIPv4:    startIPv4,
+		startAnonIPv6:    startIPv6,
+	}
+}
+
+func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeIP(ip netip.Addr) netip.Addr {
+	if ip.IsLoopback() ||
+		ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() ||
+		ip.IsLinkLocalMulticast() ||
+		ip.IsInterfaceLocalMulticast() ||
+		ip.IsPrivate() ||
+		ip.IsUnspecified() ||
+		ip.IsMulticast() ||
+		isWellKnown(ip) ||
+		a.isInAnonymizedRange(ip) {
+
+		return ip
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := a.ipAnonymizer[ip]; !ok {
+		if ip.Is4() {
+			a.ipAnonymizer[ip] = a.currentAnonIPv4
+			a.currentAnonIPv4 = a.currentAnonIPv4.Next()
+		} else {
+			a.ipAnonymizer[ip] = a.currentAnonIPv6
+			a.currentAnonIPv6 = a.currentAnonIPv6.Next()
+		}
+	}
+	return a.ipAnonymizer[ip]
+}
+
+// isInAnonymizedRange checks if an IP is within the range of already assigned anonymized IPs
+func (a *Anonymizer) isInAnonymizedRange(ip netip.Addr) bool {
+	if ip.Is4() && ip.Compare(a.startAnonIPv4) >= 0 && ip.Compare(a.currentAnonIPv4) <= 0 {
+		return true
+	} else if !ip.Is4() && ip.Compare(a.startAnonIPv6) >= 0 && ip.Compare(a.currentAnonIPv6) <= 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeIPString(ip string) string {
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ip)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ip
+	}
+
+	return a.AnonymizeIP(addr).String()
+}
+
+func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeDomain(domain string) string {
+	if strings.HasSuffix(domain, "netbird.io") ||
+		strings.HasSuffix(domain, "netbird.selfhosted") ||
+		strings.HasSuffix(domain, "netbird.cloud") ||
+		strings.HasSuffix(domain, "netbird.stage") ||
+		strings.HasSuffix(domain, ".domain") {
+		return domain
+	}
+
+	parts := strings.Split(domain, ".")
+	if len(parts) < 2 {
+		return domain
+	}
+
+	baseDomain := parts[len(parts)-2] + "." + parts[len(parts)-1]
+
+	anonymized, ok := a.domainAnonymizer[baseDomain]
+	if !ok {
+		anonymizedBase := "anon-" + generateRandomString(5) + ".domain"
+		a.domainAnonymizer[baseDomain] = anonymizedBase
+		anonymized = anonymizedBase
+	}
+
+	return strings.Replace(domain, baseDomain, anonymized, 1)
+}
+
+func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeURI(uri string) string {
+	u, err := url.Parse(uri)
+	if err != nil {
+		return uri
+	}
+
+	var anonymizedHost string
+	if u.Opaque != "" {
+		host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(u.Opaque)
+		if err == nil {
+			anonymizedHost = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", a.AnonymizeDomain(host), port)
+		} else {
+			anonymizedHost = a.AnonymizeDomain(u.Opaque)
+		}
+		u.Opaque = anonymizedHost
+	} else if u.Host != "" {
+		host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(u.Host)
+		if err == nil {
+			anonymizedHost = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", a.AnonymizeDomain(host), port)
+		} else {
+			anonymizedHost = a.AnonymizeDomain(u.Host)
+		}
+		u.Host = anonymizedHost
+	}
+	return u.String()
+}
+
+func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeString(str string) string {
+	ipv4Regex := regexp.MustCompile(`\b(?:[0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}\b`)
+	ipv6Regex := regexp.MustCompile(`\b([0-9a-fA-F:]+:+[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4})(?:%[0-9a-zA-Z]+)?(?:\/[0-9]{1,3})?(?::[0-9]{1,5})?\b`)
+
+	str = ipv4Regex.ReplaceAllStringFunc(str, a.AnonymizeIPString)
+	str = ipv6Regex.ReplaceAllStringFunc(str, a.AnonymizeIPString)
+
+	for domain, anonDomain := range a.domainAnonymizer {
+		str = strings.ReplaceAll(str, domain, anonDomain)
+	}
+
+	str = a.AnonymizeSchemeURI(str)
+	str = a.AnonymizeDNSLogLine(str)
+
+	return str
+}
+
+// AnonymizeSchemeURI finds and anonymizes URIs with stun, stuns, turn, and turns schemes.
+func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeSchemeURI(text string) string {
+	re := regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)\b(stuns?:|turns?:|https?://)\S+\b`)
+
+	return re.ReplaceAllStringFunc(text, a.AnonymizeURI)
+}
+
+// AnonymizeDNSLogLine anonymizes domain names in DNS log entries by replacing them with a random string.
+func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeDNSLogLine(logEntry string) string {
+	domainPattern := `dns\.Question{Name:"([^"]+)",`
+	domainRegex := regexp.MustCompile(domainPattern)
+
+	return domainRegex.ReplaceAllStringFunc(logEntry, func(match string) string {
+		parts := strings.Split(match, `"`)
+		if len(parts) >= 2 {
+			domain := parts[1]
+			if strings.HasSuffix(domain, ".domain") {
+				return match
+			}
+			randomDomain := generateRandomString(10) + ".domain"
+			return strings.Replace(match, domain, randomDomain, 1)
+		}
+		return match
+	})
+}
+
+func isWellKnown(addr netip.Addr) bool {
+	wellKnown := []string{
+		"8.8.8.8", "8.8.4.4", // Google DNS IPv4
+		"2001:4860:4860::8888", "2001:4860:4860::8844", // Google DNS IPv6
+		"1.1.1.1", "1.0.0.1", // Cloudflare DNS IPv4
+		"2606:4700:4700::1111", "2606:4700:4700::1001", // Cloudflare DNS IPv6
+		"9.9.9.9", "149.112.112.112", // Quad9 DNS IPv4
+		"2620:fe::fe", "2620:fe::9", // Quad9 DNS IPv6
+	}
+
+	if slices.Contains(wellKnown, addr.String()) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	cgnatRangeStart := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 0})
+	cgnatRange := netip.PrefixFrom(cgnatRangeStart, 10)
+
+	return cgnatRange.Contains(addr)
+}
+
+func generateRandomString(length int) string {
+	const letters = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
+	result := make([]byte, length)
+	for i := range result {
+		num, err := rand.Int(rand.Reader, big.NewInt(int64(len(letters))))
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		result[i] = letters[num.Int64()]
+	}
+	return string(result)
+}

client/anonymize/anonymize_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+package anonymize_test
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"regexp"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
+)
+
+func TestAnonymizeIP(t *testing.T) {
+	startIPv4 := netip.MustParseAddr("198.51.100.0")
+	startIPv6 := netip.MustParseAddr("100::")
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(startIPv4, startIPv6)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		ip     string
+		expect string
+	}{
+		{"Well known", "8.8.8.8", "8.8.8.8"},
+		{"First Public IPv4", "1.2.3.4", "198.51.100.0"},
+		{"Second Public IPv4", "4.3.2.1", "198.51.100.1"},
+		{"Repeated IPv4", "1.2.3.4", "198.51.100.0"},
+		{"Private IPv4", "192.168.1.1", "192.168.1.1"},
+		{"First Public IPv6", "2607:f8b0:4005:805::200e", "100::"},
+		{"Second Public IPv6", "a::b", "100::1"},
+		{"Repeated IPv6", "2607:f8b0:4005:805::200e", "100::"},
+		{"Private IPv6", "fe80::1", "fe80::1"},
+		{"In Range IPv4", "198.51.100.2", "198.51.100.2"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ip := netip.MustParseAddr(tc.ip)
+			anonymizedIP := anonymizer.AnonymizeIP(ip)
+			if anonymizedIP.String() != tc.expect {
+				t.Errorf("%s: expected %s, got %s", tc.name, tc.expect, anonymizedIP)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeDNSLogLine(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{})
+	testLog := `2024-04-23T20:01:11+02:00 TRAC client/internal/dns/local.go:25: received question: dns.Question{Name:"example.com", Qtype:0x1c, Qclass:0x1}`
+
+	result := anonymizer.AnonymizeDNSLogLine(testLog)
+	require.NotEqual(t, testLog, result)
+	assert.NotContains(t, result, "example.com")
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{})
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		domain          string
+		expectPattern   string
+		shouldAnonymize bool
+	}{
+		{
+			"General Domain",
+			"example.com",
+			`^anon-[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.domain$`,
+			true,
+		},
+		{
+			"Subdomain",
+			"sub.example.com",
+			`^sub\.anon-[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.domain$`,
+			true,
+		},
+		{
+			"Protected Domain",
+			"netbird.io",
+			`^netbird\.io$`,
+			false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain(tc.domain)
+			if tc.shouldAnonymize {
+				assert.Regexp(t, tc.expectPattern, result, "The anonymized domain should match the expected pattern")
+				assert.NotContains(t, result, tc.domain, "The original domain should not be present in the result")
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.domain, result, "Protected domains should not be anonymized")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeURI(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{})
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		uri   string
+		regex string
+	}{
+		{
+			"HTTP URI with Port",
+			"http://example.com:80/path",
+			`^http://anon-[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.domain:80/path$`,
+		},
+		{
+			"HTTP URI without Port",
+			"http://example.com/path",
+			`^http://anon-[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.domain/path$`,
+		},
+		{
+			"Opaque URI with Port",
+			"stun:example.com:80?transport=udp",
+			`^stun:anon-[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.domain:80\?transport=udp$`,
+		},
+		{
+			"Opaque URI without Port",
+			"stun:example.com?transport=udp",
+			`^stun:anon-[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.domain\?transport=udp$`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := anonymizer.AnonymizeURI(tc.uri)
+			assert.Regexp(t, regexp.MustCompile(tc.regex), result, "URI should match expected pattern")
+			require.NotContains(t, result, "example.com", "Original domain should not be present")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeSchemeURI(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{})
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		input  string
+		expect string
+	}{
+		{"STUN URI in text", "Connection made via stun:example.com", `Connection made via stun:anon-[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.domain`},
+		{"TURN URI in log", "Failed attempt turn:some.example.com:3478?transport=tcp: retrying", `Failed attempt turn:some.anon-[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.domain:3478\?transport=tcp: retrying`},
+		{"HTTPS URI in message", "Visit https://example.com for more", `Visit https://anon-[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.domain for more`},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := anonymizer.AnonymizeSchemeURI(tc.input)
+			assert.Regexp(t, tc.expect, result, "The anonymized output should match expected pattern")
+			require.NotContains(t, result, "example.com", "Original domain should not be present")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizString_MemorizedDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{})
+	domain := "example.com"
+	anonymizedDomain := anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain(domain)
+
+	sampleString := "This is a test string including the domain example.com which should be anonymized."
+
+	firstPassResult := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(sampleString)
+	secondPassResult := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(firstPassResult)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, firstPassResult, anonymizedDomain, "The domain should be anonymized in the first pass")
+	assert.NotContains(t, firstPassResult, domain, "The original domain should not appear in the first pass output")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, firstPassResult, secondPassResult, "The second pass should not further anonymize the string")
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeString_DoubleURI(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{})
+	domain := "example.com"
+	anonymizedDomain := anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain(domain)
+
+	sampleString := "Check out our site at https://example.com for more info."
+
+	firstPassResult := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(sampleString)
+	secondPassResult := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(firstPassResult)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, firstPassResult, "https://"+anonymizedDomain, "The URI should be anonymized in the first pass")
+	assert.NotContains(t, firstPassResult, "https://example.com", "The original URI should not appear in the first pass output")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, firstPassResult, secondPassResult, "The second pass should not further anonymize the URI")
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeString_IPAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		input  string
+		expect string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:   "IPv4 Address",
+			input:  "Error occurred at IP 122.138.1.1",
+			expect: "Error occurred at IP 198.51.100.0",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "IPv6 Address",
+			input:  "Access attempted from 2001:db8::ff00:42",
+			expect: "Access attempted from 100::",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "IPv6 Address with Port",
+			input:  "Access attempted from [2001:db8::ff00:42]:8080",
+			expect: "Access attempted from [100::]:8080",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "Both IPv4 and IPv6",
+			input:  "IPv4: 142.108.0.1 and IPv6: 2001:db8::ff00:43",
+			expect: "IPv4: 198.51.100.1 and IPv6: 100::1",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(tc.input)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expect, result, "IP addresses should be anonymized correctly")
+		})
+	}
+}

client/cmd/debug.go

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/server"
+)
+
+var debugCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "debug",
+	Short: "Debugging commands",
+	Long:  "Provides commands for debugging and logging control within the Netbird daemon.",
+}
+
+var debugBundleCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "bundle",
+	Example: "  netbird debug bundle",
+	Short:   "Create a debug bundle",
+	Long:    "Generates a compressed archive of the daemon's logs and status for debugging purposes.",
+	RunE:    debugBundle,
+}
+
+var logCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "log",
+	Short: "Manage logging for the Netbird daemon",
+	Long:  `Commands to manage logging settings for the Netbird daemon, including ICE, gRPC, and general log levels.`,
+}
+
+var logLevelCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "level <level>",
+	Short: "Set the logging level for this session",
+	Long: `Sets the logging level for the current session. This setting is temporary and will revert to the default on daemon restart.
+Available log levels are:
+  panic:   for panic level, highest level of severity
+  fatal:   for fatal level errors that cause the program to exit
+  error:   for error conditions
+  warn:    for warning conditions
+  info:    for informational messages
+  debug:   for debug-level messages
+  trace:   for trace-level messages, which include more fine-grained information than debug`,
+	Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+	RunE: setLogLevel,
+}
+
+var forCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "for <time>",
+	Short:   "Run debug logs for a specified duration and create a debug bundle",
+	Long:    `Sets the logging level to trace, runs for the specified duration, and then generates a debug bundle.`,
+	Example: "  netbird debug for 5m",
+	Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+	RunE:    runForDuration,
+}
+
+func debugBundle(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	resp, err := client.DebugBundle(cmd.Context(), &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
+		Anonymize: anonymizeFlag,
+		Status:    getStatusOutput(cmd),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bundle debug: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+
+	cmd.Println(resp.GetPath())
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func setLogLevel(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	level := server.ParseLogLevel(args[0])
+	if level == proto.LogLevel_UNKNOWN {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown log level: %s. Available levels are: panic, fatal, error, warn, info, debug, trace\n", args[0])
+	}
+
+	_, err = client.SetLogLevel(cmd.Context(), &proto.SetLogLevelRequest{
+		Level: level,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set log level: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+
+	cmd.Println("Log level set successfully to", args[0])
+	return nil
+}
+
+func runForDuration(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	duration, err := time.ParseDuration(args[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid duration format: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+
+	stat, err := client.Status(cmd.Context(), &proto.StatusRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get status: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+
+	restoreUp := stat.Status == string(internal.StatusConnected) || stat.Status == string(internal.StatusConnecting)
+
+	initialLogLevel, err := client.GetLogLevel(cmd.Context(), &proto.GetLogLevelRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get log level: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+
+	if _, err := client.Down(cmd.Context(), &proto.DownRequest{}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to down: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+	cmd.Println("Netbird down")
+
+	initialLevelTrace := initialLogLevel.GetLevel() >= proto.LogLevel_TRACE
+	if !initialLevelTrace {
+		_, err = client.SetLogLevel(cmd.Context(), &proto.SetLogLevelRequest{
+			Level: proto.LogLevel_TRACE,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set log level to TRACE: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+		}
+		cmd.Println("Log level set to trace.")
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+
+	if _, err := client.Up(cmd.Context(), &proto.UpRequest{}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to up: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+	cmd.Println("Netbird up")
+
+	time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
+
+	headerPostUp := fmt.Sprintf("----- Netbird post-up - Timestamp: %s", time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339))
+	statusOutput := fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s", headerPostUp, getStatusOutput(cmd))
+
+	if waitErr := waitForDurationOrCancel(cmd.Context(), duration, cmd); waitErr != nil {
+		return waitErr
+	}
+	cmd.Println("\nDuration completed")
+
+	headerPreDown := fmt.Sprintf("----- Netbird pre-down - Timestamp: %s - Duration: %s", time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339), duration)
+	statusOutput = fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s\n%s", statusOutput, headerPreDown, getStatusOutput(cmd))
+
+	if _, err := client.Down(cmd.Context(), &proto.DownRequest{}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to down: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+	cmd.Println("Netbird down")
+
+	time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+
+	if restoreUp {
+		if _, err := client.Up(cmd.Context(), &proto.UpRequest{}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to up: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+		}
+		cmd.Println("Netbird up")
+	}
+
+	if !initialLevelTrace {
+		if _, err := client.SetLogLevel(cmd.Context(), &proto.SetLogLevelRequest{Level: initialLogLevel.GetLevel()}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to restore log level: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+		}
+		cmd.Println("Log level restored to", initialLogLevel.GetLevel())
+	}
+
+	cmd.Println("Creating debug bundle...")
+
+	resp, err := client.DebugBundle(cmd.Context(), &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
+		Anonymize: anonymizeFlag,
+		Status:    statusOutput,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bundle debug: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+
+	cmd.Println(resp.GetPath())
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getStatusOutput(cmd *cobra.Command) string {
+	var statusOutputString string
+	statusResp, err := getStatus(cmd.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		cmd.PrintErrf("Failed to get status: %v\n", err)
+	} else {
+		statusOutputString = parseToFullDetailSummary(convertToStatusOutputOverview(statusResp))
+	}
+	return statusOutputString
+}
+
+func waitForDurationOrCancel(ctx context.Context, duration time.Duration, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(1 * time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	startTime := time.Now()
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(done)
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				elapsed := time.Since(startTime)
+				if elapsed >= duration {
+					return
+				}
+				remaining := duration - elapsed
+				cmd.Printf("\rRemaining time: %s", formatDuration(remaining))
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-done:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func formatDuration(d time.Duration) string {
+	d = d.Round(time.Second)
+	h := d / time.Hour
+	d %= time.Hour
+	m := d / time.Minute
+	d %= time.Minute
+	s := d / time.Second
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%02d:%02d:%02d", h, m, s)
+}

client/cmd/down.go

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 

client/cmd/root.go

@@ -32,9 +32,11 @@ const (
 	preSharedKeyFlag        = "preshared-key"
 	interfaceNameFlag       = "interface-name"
 	wireguardPortFlag       = "wireguard-port"
+	networkMonitorFlag      = "network-monitor"
 	disableAutoConnectFlag  = "disable-auto-connect"
 	serverSSHAllowedFlag    = "allow-server-ssh"
 	extraIFaceBlackListFlag = "extra-iface-blacklist"
+	dnsRouteIntervalFlag    = "dns-router-interval"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -62,10 +64,14 @@ var (
 	serverSSHAllowed        bool
 	interfaceName           string
 	wireguardPort           uint16
+	networkMonitor          bool
 	serviceName             string
 	autoConnectDisabled     bool
 	extraIFaceBlackList     []string
-	rootCmd                 = &cobra.Command{
+	anonymizeFlag           bool
+	dnsRouteInterval        time.Duration
+
+	rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		Use:          "netbird",
 		Short:        "",
 		Long:         "",
@@ -119,6 +125,8 @@ func init() {
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&setupKey, "setup-key", "k", "", "Setup key obtained from the Management Service Dashboard (used to register peer)")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&preSharedKey, preSharedKeyFlag, "", "Sets Wireguard PreSharedKey property. If set, then only peers that have the same key can communicate.")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&hostName, "hostname", "n", "", "Sets a custom hostname for the device")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&anonymizeFlag, "anonymize", "A", false, "anonymize IP addresses and non-netbird.io domains in logs and status output")
+
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(serviceCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(upCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(downCmd)
@@ -126,8 +134,20 @@ func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(loginCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(versionCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(sshCmd)
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(routesCmd)
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(debugCmd)
+
 	serviceCmd.AddCommand(runCmd, startCmd, stopCmd, restartCmd) // service control commands are subcommands of service
 	serviceCmd.AddCommand(installCmd, uninstallCmd)              // service installer commands are subcommands of service
+
+	routesCmd.AddCommand(routesListCmd)
+	routesCmd.AddCommand(routesSelectCmd, routesDeselectCmd)
+
+	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugBundleCmd)
+	debugCmd.AddCommand(logCmd)
+	logCmd.AddCommand(logLevelCmd)
+	debugCmd.AddCommand(forCmd)
+
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVar(&natExternalIPs, externalIPMapFlag, nil,
 		`Sets external IPs maps between local addresses and interfaces.`+
 			`You can specify a comma-separated list with a single IP and IP/IP or IP/Interface Name. `+
@@ -335,3 +355,17 @@ func migrateToNetbird(oldPath, newPath string) bool {
 
 	return true
 }
+
+func getClient(cmd *cobra.Command) (*grpc.ClientConn, error) {
+	SetFlagsFromEnvVars(rootCmd)
+	cmd.SetOut(cmd.OutOrStdout())
+
+	conn, err := DialClientGRPCServer(cmd.Context(), daemonAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to daemon error: %v\n"+
+			"If the daemon is not running please run: "+
+			"\nnetbird service install \nnetbird service start\n", err)
+	}
+
+	return conn, nil
+}

client/cmd/route.go

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+var appendFlag bool
+
+var routesCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "routes",
+	Short: "Manage network routes",
+	Long:  `Commands to list, select, or deselect network routes.`,
+}
+
+var routesListCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "list",
+	Aliases: []string{"ls"},
+	Short:   "List routes",
+	Example: "  netbird routes list",
+	Long:    "List all available network routes.",
+	RunE:    routesList,
+}
+
+var routesSelectCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "select route...|all",
+	Short:   "Select routes",
+	Long:    "Select a list of routes by identifiers or 'all' to clear all selections and to accept all (including new) routes.\nDefault mode is replace, use -a to append to already selected routes.",
+	Example: "  netbird routes select all\n  netbird routes select route1 route2\n  netbird routes select -a route3",
+	Args:    cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+	RunE:    routesSelect,
+}
+
+var routesDeselectCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "deselect route...|all",
+	Short:   "Deselect routes",
+	Long:    "Deselect previously selected routes by identifiers or 'all' to disable accepting any routes.",
+	Example: "  netbird routes deselect all\n  netbird routes deselect route1 route2",
+	Args:    cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+	RunE:    routesDeselect,
+}
+
+func init() {
+	routesSelectCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&appendFlag, "append", "a", false, "Append to current route selection instead of replacing")
+}
+
+func routesList(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	resp, err := client.ListRoutes(cmd.Context(), &proto.ListRoutesRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list routes: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+
+	if len(resp.Routes) == 0 {
+		cmd.Println("No routes available.")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	printRoutes(cmd, resp)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func printRoutes(cmd *cobra.Command, resp *proto.ListRoutesResponse) {
+	cmd.Println("Available Routes:")
+	for _, route := range resp.Routes {
+		printRoute(cmd, route)
+	}
+}
+
+func printRoute(cmd *cobra.Command, route *proto.Route) {
+	selectedStatus := getSelectedStatus(route)
+	domains := route.GetDomains()
+
+	if len(domains) > 0 {
+		printDomainRoute(cmd, route, domains, selectedStatus)
+	} else {
+		printNetworkRoute(cmd, route, selectedStatus)
+	}
+}
+
+func getSelectedStatus(route *proto.Route) string {
+	if route.GetSelected() {
+		return "Selected"
+	}
+	return "Not Selected"
+}
+
+func printDomainRoute(cmd *cobra.Command, route *proto.Route, domains []string, selectedStatus string) {
+	cmd.Printf("\n  - ID: %s\n    Domains: %s\n    Status: %s\n", route.GetID(), strings.Join(domains, ", "), selectedStatus)
+	resolvedIPs := route.GetResolvedIPs()
+
+	if len(resolvedIPs) > 0 {
+		printResolvedIPs(cmd, domains, resolvedIPs)
+	} else {
+		cmd.Printf("    Resolved IPs: -\n")
+	}
+}
+
+func printNetworkRoute(cmd *cobra.Command, route *proto.Route, selectedStatus string) {
+	cmd.Printf("\n  - ID: %s\n    Network: %s\n    Status: %s\n", route.GetID(), route.GetNetwork(), selectedStatus)
+}
+
+func printResolvedIPs(cmd *cobra.Command, domains []string, resolvedIPs map[string]*proto.IPList) {
+	cmd.Printf("    Resolved IPs:\n")
+	for _, domain := range domains {
+		if ipList, exists := resolvedIPs[domain]; exists {
+			cmd.Printf("      [%s]: %s\n", domain, strings.Join(ipList.GetIps(), ", "))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func routesSelect(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	req := &proto.SelectRoutesRequest{
+		RouteIDs: args,
+	}
+
+	if len(args) == 1 && args[0] == "all" {
+		req.All = true
+	} else if appendFlag {
+		req.Append = true
+	}
+
+	if _, err := client.SelectRoutes(cmd.Context(), req); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to select routes: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+
+	cmd.Println("Routes selected successfully.")
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func routesDeselect(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	req := &proto.SelectRoutesRequest{
+		RouteIDs: args,
+	}
+
+	if len(args) == 1 && args[0] == "all" {
+		req.All = true
+	}
+
+	if _, err := client.DeselectRoutes(cmd.Context(), req); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to deselect routes: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+
+	cmd.Println("Routes deselected successfully.")
+
+	return nil
+}

client/cmd/ssh.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ var (
 )
 
 var sshCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use: "ssh",
+	Use: "ssh [user@]host",
 	Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		if len(args) < 1 {
 			return errors.New("requires a host argument")
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func runSSH(ctx context.Context, addr string, pemKey []byte, cmd *cobra.Command)
 	if err != nil {
 		cmd.Printf("Error: %v\n", err)
 		cmd.Printf("Couldn't connect. Please check the connection status or if the ssh server is enabled on the other peer" +
-			"You can verify the connection by running:\n\n" +
+			"\nYou can verify the connection by running:\n\n" +
 			" netbird status\n\n")
 		return err
 	}

client/cmd/status.go

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
@@ -144,9 +147,9 @@ func statusFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed initializing log %v", err)
 	}
 
-	ctx := internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+	ctx := internal.CtxInitState(cmd.Context())
 
-	resp, err := getStatus(ctx, cmd)
+	resp, err := getStatus(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -191,7 +194,7 @@ func statusFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func getStatus(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) (*proto.StatusResponse, error) {
+func getStatus(ctx context.Context) (*proto.StatusResponse, error) {
 	conn, err := DialClientGRPCServer(ctx, daemonAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to daemon error: %v\n"+
@@ -200,7 +203,7 @@ func getStatus(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) (*proto.StatusResponse,
 	}
 	defer conn.Close()
 
-	resp, err := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn).Status(cmd.Context(), &proto.StatusRequest{GetFullPeerStatus: true})
+	resp, err := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn).Status(ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{GetFullPeerStatus: true})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("status failed: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
 	}
@@ -283,6 +286,11 @@ func convertToStatusOutputOverview(resp *proto.StatusResponse) statusOutputOverv
 		NSServerGroups:      mapNSGroups(pbFullStatus.GetDnsServers()),
 	}
 
+	if anonymizeFlag {
+		anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+		anonymizeOverview(anonymizer, &overview)
+	}
+
 	return overview
 }
 
@@ -525,8 +533,16 @@ func parseGeneralSummary(overview statusOutputOverview, showURL bool, showRelays
 
 	peersCountString := fmt.Sprintf("%d/%d Connected", overview.Peers.Connected, overview.Peers.Total)
 
+	goos := runtime.GOOS
+	goarch := runtime.GOARCH
+	goarm := ""
+	if goarch == "arm" {
+		goarm = fmt.Sprintf(" (ARMv%s)", os.Getenv("GOARM"))
+	}
+
 	summary := fmt.Sprintf(
-		"Daemon version: %s\n"+
+		"OS: %s\n"+
+			"Daemon version: %s\n"+
 			"CLI version: %s\n"+
 			"Management: %s\n"+
 			"Signal: %s\n"+
@@ -538,6 +554,7 @@ func parseGeneralSummary(overview statusOutputOverview, showURL bool, showRelays
 			"Quantum resistance: %s\n"+
 			"Routes: %s\n"+
 			"Peers count: %s\n",
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s%s", goos, goarch, goarm),
 		overview.DaemonVersion,
 		version.NetbirdVersion(),
 		managementConnString,
@@ -593,15 +610,6 @@ func parsePeers(peers peersStateOutput, rosenpassEnabled, rosenpassPermissive bo
 		if peerState.IceCandidateEndpoint.Remote != "" {
 			remoteICEEndpoint = peerState.IceCandidateEndpoint.Remote
 		}
-		lastStatusUpdate := "-"
-		if !peerState.LastStatusUpdate.IsZero() {
-			lastStatusUpdate = peerState.LastStatusUpdate.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
-		}
-
-		lastWireGuardHandshake := "-"
-		if !peerState.LastWireguardHandshake.IsZero() && peerState.LastWireguardHandshake != time.Unix(0, 0) {
-			lastWireGuardHandshake = peerState.LastWireguardHandshake.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
-		}
 
 		rosenpassEnabledStatus := "false"
 		if rosenpassEnabled {
@@ -652,8 +660,8 @@ func parsePeers(peers peersStateOutput, rosenpassEnabled, rosenpassPermissive bo
 			remoteICE,
 			localICEEndpoint,
 			remoteICEEndpoint,
-			lastStatusUpdate,
+			timeAgo(peerState.LastStatusUpdate),
-			lastWireGuardHandshake,
+			timeAgo(peerState.LastWireguardHandshake),
 			toIEC(peerState.TransferReceived),
 			toIEC(peerState.TransferSent),
 			rosenpassEnabledStatus,
@@ -722,3 +730,134 @@ func countEnabled(dnsServers []nsServerGroupStateOutput) int {
 	}
 	return count
 }
+
+// timeAgo returns a string representing the duration since the provided time in a human-readable format.
+func timeAgo(t time.Time) string {
+	if t.IsZero() || t.Equal(time.Unix(0, 0)) {
+		return "-"
+	}
+	duration := time.Since(t)
+	switch {
+	case duration < time.Second:
+		return "Now"
+	case duration < time.Minute:
+		seconds := int(duration.Seconds())
+		if seconds == 1 {
+			return "1 second ago"
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d seconds ago", seconds)
+	case duration < time.Hour:
+		minutes := int(duration.Minutes())
+		seconds := int(duration.Seconds()) % 60
+		if minutes == 1 {
+			if seconds == 1 {
+				return "1 minute, 1 second ago"
+			} else if seconds > 0 {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("1 minute, %d seconds ago", seconds)
+			}
+			return "1 minute ago"
+		}
+		if seconds > 0 {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%d minutes, %d seconds ago", minutes, seconds)
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d minutes ago", minutes)
+	case duration < 24*time.Hour:
+		hours := int(duration.Hours())
+		minutes := int(duration.Minutes()) % 60
+		if hours == 1 {
+			if minutes == 1 {
+				return "1 hour, 1 minute ago"
+			} else if minutes > 0 {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("1 hour, %d minutes ago", minutes)
+			}
+			return "1 hour ago"
+		}
+		if minutes > 0 {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%d hours, %d minutes ago", hours, minutes)
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d hours ago", hours)
+	}
+
+	days := int(duration.Hours()) / 24
+	hours := int(duration.Hours()) % 24
+	if days == 1 {
+		if hours == 1 {
+			return "1 day, 1 hour ago"
+		} else if hours > 0 {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("1 day, %d hours ago", hours)
+		}
+		return "1 day ago"
+	}
+	if hours > 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d days, %d hours ago", days, hours)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%d days ago", days)
+}
+
+func anonymizePeerDetail(a *anonymize.Anonymizer, peer *peerStateDetailOutput) {
+	peer.FQDN = a.AnonymizeDomain(peer.FQDN)
+	if localIP, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(peer.IceCandidateEndpoint.Local); err == nil {
+		peer.IceCandidateEndpoint.Local = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", a.AnonymizeIPString(localIP), port)
+	}
+	if remoteIP, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(peer.IceCandidateEndpoint.Remote); err == nil {
+		peer.IceCandidateEndpoint.Remote = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", a.AnonymizeIPString(remoteIP), port)
+	}
+	for i, route := range peer.Routes {
+		peer.Routes[i] = a.AnonymizeIPString(route)
+	}
+
+	for i, route := range peer.Routes {
+		peer.Routes[i] = anonymizeRoute(a, route)
+	}
+}
+
+func anonymizeOverview(a *anonymize.Anonymizer, overview *statusOutputOverview) {
+	for i, peer := range overview.Peers.Details {
+		peer := peer
+		anonymizePeerDetail(a, &peer)
+		overview.Peers.Details[i] = peer
+	}
+
+	overview.ManagementState.URL = a.AnonymizeURI(overview.ManagementState.URL)
+	overview.ManagementState.Error = a.AnonymizeString(overview.ManagementState.Error)
+	overview.SignalState.URL = a.AnonymizeURI(overview.SignalState.URL)
+	overview.SignalState.Error = a.AnonymizeString(overview.SignalState.Error)
+
+	overview.IP = a.AnonymizeIPString(overview.IP)
+	for i, detail := range overview.Relays.Details {
+		detail.URI = a.AnonymizeURI(detail.URI)
+		detail.Error = a.AnonymizeString(detail.Error)
+		overview.Relays.Details[i] = detail
+	}
+
+	for i, nsGroup := range overview.NSServerGroups {
+		for j, domain := range nsGroup.Domains {
+			overview.NSServerGroups[i].Domains[j] = a.AnonymizeDomain(domain)
+		}
+		for j, ns := range nsGroup.Servers {
+			host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(ns)
+			if err == nil {
+				overview.NSServerGroups[i].Servers[j] = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", a.AnonymizeIPString(host), port)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i, route := range overview.Routes {
+		overview.Routes[i] = anonymizeRoute(a, route)
+	}
+
+	overview.FQDN = a.AnonymizeDomain(overview.FQDN)
+}
+
+func anonymizeRoute(a *anonymize.Anonymizer, route string) string {
+	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(route)
+	if err == nil {
+		ip := a.AnonymizeIPString(prefix.Addr().String())
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", ip, prefix.Bits())
+	}
+	domains := strings.Split(route, ", ")
+	for i, domain := range domains {
+		domains[i] = a.AnonymizeDomain(domain)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(domains, ", ")
+}

client/cmd/status_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -487,9 +489,15 @@ dnsServers:
 }
 
 func TestParsingToDetail(t *testing.T) {
+	// Calculate time ago based on the fixture dates
+	lastConnectionUpdate1 := timeAgo(overview.Peers.Details[0].LastStatusUpdate)
+	lastHandshake1 := timeAgo(overview.Peers.Details[0].LastWireguardHandshake)
+	lastConnectionUpdate2 := timeAgo(overview.Peers.Details[1].LastStatusUpdate)
+	lastHandshake2 := timeAgo(overview.Peers.Details[1].LastWireguardHandshake)
+
 	detail := parseToFullDetailSummary(overview)
 
-	expectedDetail :=
+	expectedDetail := fmt.Sprintf(
 		`Peers detail:
  peer-1.awesome-domain.com:
   NetBird IP: 192.168.178.101
@@ -500,8 +508,8 @@ func TestParsingToDetail(t *testing.T) {
   Direct: true
   ICE candidate (Local/Remote): -/-
   ICE candidate endpoints (Local/Remote): -/-
-  Last connection update: 2001-01-01 01:01:01
+  Last connection update: %s
-  Last WireGuard handshake: 2001-01-01 01:01:02
+  Last WireGuard handshake: %s
   Transfer status (received/sent) 200 B/100 B
   Quantum resistance: false
   Routes: 10.1.0.0/24
@@ -516,15 +524,16 @@ func TestParsingToDetail(t *testing.T) {
   Direct: false
   ICE candidate (Local/Remote): relay/prflx
   ICE candidate endpoints (Local/Remote): 10.0.0.1:10001/10.0.10.1:10002
-  Last connection update: 2002-02-02 02:02:02
+  Last connection update: %s
-  Last WireGuard handshake: 2002-02-02 02:02:03
+  Last WireGuard handshake: %s
   Transfer status (received/sent) 2.0 KiB/1000 B
   Quantum resistance: false
   Routes: -
   Latency: 10ms
 
+OS: %s/%s
 Daemon version: 0.14.1
-CLI version: development
+CLI version: %s
 Management: Connected to my-awesome-management.com:443
 Signal: Connected to my-awesome-signal.com:443
 Relays: 
@@ -539,7 +548,7 @@ Interface type: Kernel
 Quantum resistance: false
 Routes: 10.10.0.0/24
 Peers count: 2/2 Connected
-`
+`, lastConnectionUpdate1, lastHandshake1, lastConnectionUpdate2, lastHandshake2, runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH, overview.CliVersion)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, expectedDetail, detail)
 }
@@ -547,8 +556,8 @@ Peers count: 2/2 Connected
 func TestParsingToShortVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	shortVersion := parseGeneralSummary(overview, false, false, false)
 
-	expectedString :=
+	expectedString := fmt.Sprintf("OS: %s/%s", runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH) + `
-		`Daemon version: 0.14.1
+Daemon version: 0.14.1
 CLI version: development
 Management: Connected
 Signal: Connected
@@ -572,3 +581,31 @@ func TestParsingOfIP(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, "192.168.178.123\n", parsedIP)
 }
+
+func TestTimeAgo(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    time.Time
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{"Now", now, "Now"},
+		{"Seconds ago", now.Add(-10 * time.Second), "10 seconds ago"},
+		{"One minute ago", now.Add(-1 * time.Minute), "1 minute ago"},
+		{"Minutes and seconds ago", now.Add(-(1*time.Minute + 30*time.Second)), "1 minute, 30 seconds ago"},
+		{"One hour ago", now.Add(-1 * time.Hour), "1 hour ago"},
+		{"Hours and minutes ago", now.Add(-(2*time.Hour + 15*time.Minute)), "2 hours, 15 minutes ago"},
+		{"One day ago", now.Add(-24 * time.Hour), "1 day ago"},
+		{"Multiple days ago", now.Add(-(72*time.Hour + 20*time.Minute)), "3 days ago"},
+		{"Zero time", time.Time{}, "-"},
+		{"Unix zero time", time.Unix(0, 0), "-"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := timeAgo(tc.input)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expected, result, "Failed %s", tc.name)
+		})
+	}
+}

client/cmd/testutil_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
@@ -14,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
+
 	clientProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	client "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/server"
 	mgmtProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/proto"
@@ -52,7 +56,10 @@ func startSignal(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, net.Listener) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	s := grpc.NewServer()
-	sigProto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(s, sig.NewServer())
+	srv, err := sig.NewServer(otel.Meter(""))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sigProto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(s, srv)
 	go func() {
 		if err := s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
 			panic(err)
@@ -69,23 +76,24 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, config *mgmt.Config) (*grpc.Server, net.Liste
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	s := grpc.NewServer()
-	store, err := mgmt.NewStoreFromJson(config.Datadir, nil)
+	store, cleanUp, err := mgmt.NewTestStoreFromJson(context.Background(), config.Datadir)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
 
 	peersUpdateManager := mgmt.NewPeersUpdateManager(nil)
 	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	iv, _ := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(eventStore)
+	iv, _ := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), eventStore)
-	accountManager, err := mgmt.BuildManager(store, peersUpdateManager, nil, "", "netbird.selfhosted", eventStore, nil, false, iv)
+	accountManager, err := mgmt.BuildManager(context.Background(), store, peersUpdateManager, nil, "", "netbird.selfhosted", eventStore, nil, false, iv)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	turnManager := mgmt.NewTimeBasedAuthSecretsManager(peersUpdateManager, config.TURNConfig)
-	mgmtServer, err := mgmt.NewServer(config, accountManager, peersUpdateManager, turnManager, nil, nil)
+	mgmtServer, err := mgmt.NewServer(context.Background(), config, accountManager, peersUpdateManager, turnManager, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -100,7 +108,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, config *mgmt.Config) (*grpc.Server, net.Liste
 }
 
 func startClientDaemon(
-	t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, managementURL, configPath string,
+	t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, _, configPath string,
 ) (*grpc.Server, net.Listener) {
 	t.Helper()
 	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")

client/cmd/up.go

@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
@@ -40,7 +42,12 @@ func init() {
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&foregroundMode, "foreground-mode", "F", false, "start service in foreground")
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&interfaceName, interfaceNameFlag, iface.WgInterfaceDefault, "Wireguard interface name")
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().Uint16Var(&wireguardPort, wireguardPortFlag, iface.DefaultWgPort, "Wireguard interface listening port")
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&networkMonitor, networkMonitorFlag, "N", networkMonitor,
+		`Manage network monitoring. Defaults to true on Windows and macOS, false on Linux. `+
+			`E.g. --network-monitor=false to disable or --network-monitor=true to enable.`,
+	)
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVar(&extraIFaceBlackList, extraIFaceBlackListFlag, nil, "Extra list of default interfaces to ignore for listening")
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().DurationVar(&dnsRouteInterval, dnsRouteIntervalFlag, time.Minute, "DNS route update interval")
 }
 
 func upFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -116,6 +123,10 @@ func runInForegroundMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 		ic.WireguardPort = &p
 	}
 
+	if cmd.Flag(networkMonitorFlag).Changed {
+		ic.NetworkMonitor = &networkMonitor
+	}
+
 	if rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Changed(preSharedKeyFlag) {
 		ic.PreSharedKey = &preSharedKey
 	}
@@ -132,6 +143,10 @@ func runInForegroundMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if cmd.Flag(dnsRouteIntervalFlag).Changed {
+		ic.DNSRouteInterval = &dnsRouteInterval
+	}
+
 	config, err := internal.UpdateOrCreateConfig(ic)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get config file: %v", err)
@@ -147,7 +162,9 @@ func runInForegroundMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 	var cancel context.CancelFunc
 	ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	SetupCloseHandler(ctx, cancel)
-	return internal.RunClient(ctx, config, peer.NewRecorder(config.ManagementURL.String()))
+
+	connectClient := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, config, peer.NewRecorder(config.ManagementURL.String()))
+	return connectClient.Run()
 }
 
 func runInDaemonMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
@@ -226,6 +243,14 @@ func runInDaemonMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 		loginRequest.WireguardPort = &wp
 	}
 
+	if cmd.Flag(networkMonitorFlag).Changed {
+		loginRequest.NetworkMonitor = &networkMonitor
+	}
+
+	if cmd.Flag(dnsRouteIntervalFlag).Changed {
+		loginRequest.DnsRouteInterval = durationpb.New(dnsRouteInterval)
+	}
+
 	var loginErr error
 
 	var loginResp *proto.LoginResponse

client/errors/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package errors
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+)
+
+func formatError(es []error) string {
+	if len(es) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("0 error occurred:\n\t* %s", es[0])
+	}
+
+	points := make([]string, len(es))
+	for i, err := range es {
+		points[i] = fmt.Sprintf("* %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		"%d errors occurred:\n\t%s",
+		len(es), strings.Join(points, "\n\t"))
+}
+
+func FormatErrorOrNil(err *multierror.Error) error {
+	if err != nil {
+		err.ErrorFormat = formatError
+	}
+	return err.ErrorOrNil()
+}

client/firewall/create_linux.go

@@ -42,20 +42,20 @@ func NewFirewall(context context.Context, iface IFaceMapper) (firewall.Manager,
 
 	switch check() {
 	case IPTABLES:
-		log.Debug("creating an iptables firewall manager")
+		log.Info("creating an iptables firewall manager")
 		fm, errFw = nbiptables.Create(context, iface)
 		if errFw != nil {
 			log.Errorf("failed to create iptables manager: %s", errFw)
 		}
 	case NFTABLES:
-		log.Debug("creating an nftables firewall manager")
+		log.Info("creating an nftables firewall manager")
 		fm, errFw = nbnftables.Create(context, iface)
 		if errFw != nil {
 			log.Errorf("failed to create nftables manager: %s", errFw)
 		}
 	default:
 		errFw = fmt.Errorf("no firewall manager found")
-		log.Debug("no firewall manager found, try to use userspace packet filtering firewall")
+		log.Info("no firewall manager found, trying to use userspace packet filtering firewall")
 	}
 
 	if iface.IsUserspaceBind() {
@@ -85,16 +85,58 @@ func NewFirewall(context context.Context, iface IFaceMapper) (firewall.Manager,
 
 // check returns the firewall type based on common lib checks. It returns UNKNOWN if no firewall is found.
 func check() FWType {
-	nf := nftables.Conn{}
+	useIPTABLES := false
-	if _, err := nf.ListChains(); err == nil && os.Getenv(SKIP_NFTABLES_ENV) != "true" {
+	var iptablesChains []string
-		return NFTABLES
+	ip, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
+	if err == nil && isIptablesClientAvailable(ip) {
+		major, minor, _ := ip.GetIptablesVersion()
+		// use iptables when its version is lower than 1.8.0 which doesn't work well with our nftables manager
+		if major < 1 || (major == 1 && minor < 8) {
+			return IPTABLES
+		}
+
+		useIPTABLES = true
+
+		iptablesChains, err = ip.ListChains("filter")
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to list iptables chains: %s", err)
+			useIPTABLES = false
+		}
 	}
 
-	ip, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
+	nf := nftables.Conn{}
-	if err != nil {
+	if chains, err := nf.ListChains(); err == nil && os.Getenv(SKIP_NFTABLES_ENV) != "true" {
-		return UNKNOWN
+		if !useIPTABLES {
+			return NFTABLES
+		}
+
+		// search for chains where table is filter
+		// if we find one, we assume that nftables manager can be used with iptables
+		for _, chain := range chains {
+			if chain.Table.Name == "filter" {
+				return NFTABLES
+			}
+		}
+
+		// check tables for the following constraints:
+		// 1. there is no chain in nftables for the filter table and there is at least one chain in iptables, we assume that nftables manager can not be used
+		// 2. there is no tables or more than one table, we assume that nftables manager can be used
+		// 3. there is only one table and its name is filter, we assume that nftables manager can not be used, since there was no chain in it
+		// 4. if we find an error we log and continue with iptables check
+		nbTablesList, err := nf.ListTables()
+		switch {
+		case err == nil && len(iptablesChains) > 0:
+			return IPTABLES
+		case err == nil && len(nbTablesList) != 1:
+			return NFTABLES
+		case err == nil && len(nbTablesList) == 1 && nbTablesList[0].Name == "filter":
+			return IPTABLES
+		case err != nil:
+			log.Errorf("failed to list nftables tables on fw manager discovery: %s", err)
+		}
 	}
-	if isIptablesClientAvailable(ip) {
+
+	if useIPTABLES {
 		return IPTABLES
 	}
 

client/firewall/iptables/router_linux.go

@@ -74,12 +74,12 @@ func (i *routerManager) InsertRoutingRules(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	err = i.insertRoutingRule(firewall.NatFormat, tableNat, chainRTNAT, routingFinalNatJump, pair)
+	err = i.addNATRule(firewall.NatFormat, tableNat, chainRTNAT, routingFinalNatJump, pair)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	err = i.insertRoutingRule(firewall.InNatFormat, tableNat, chainRTNAT, routingFinalNatJump, firewall.GetInPair(pair))
+	err = i.addNATRule(firewall.InNatFormat, tableNat, chainRTNAT, routingFinalNatJump, firewall.GetInPair(pair))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -87,12 +87,12 @@ func (i *routerManager) InsertRoutingRules(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// insertRoutingRule inserts an iptable rule
+// insertRoutingRule inserts an iptables rule
 func (i *routerManager) insertRoutingRule(keyFormat, table, chain, jump string, pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	var err error
 
 	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(keyFormat, pair.ID)
-	rule := genRuleSpec(jump, ruleKey, pair.Source, pair.Destination)
+	rule := genRuleSpec(jump, pair.Source, pair.Destination)
 	existingRule, found := i.rules[ruleKey]
 	if found {
 		err = i.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(table, chain, existingRule...)
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ func (i *routerManager) insertRoutingRule(keyFormat, table, chain, jump string,
 		}
 		delete(i.rules, ruleKey)
 	}
+
 	err = i.iptablesClient.Insert(table, chain, 1, rule...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error while adding new %s rule for %s: %v", getIptablesRuleType(table), pair.Destination, err)
@@ -317,6 +318,13 @@ func (i *routerManager) createChain(table, newChain string) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't create chain %s in %s table, error: %v", newChain, table, err)
 		}
 
+		// Add the loopback return rule to the NAT chain
+		loopbackRule := []string{"-o", "lo", "-j", "RETURN"}
+		err = i.iptablesClient.Insert(table, newChain, 1, loopbackRule...)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to add loopback return rule to %s: %v", chainRTNAT, err)
+		}
+
 		err = i.iptablesClient.Append(table, newChain, "-j", "RETURN")
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't create chain %s default rule, error: %v", newChain, err)
@@ -326,9 +334,33 @@ func (i *routerManager) createChain(table, newChain string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// genRuleSpec generates rule specification with comment identifier
+// addNATRule appends an iptables rule pair to the nat chain
-func genRuleSpec(jump, id, source, destination string) []string {
+func (i *routerManager) addNATRule(keyFormat, table, chain, jump string, pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	return []string{"-s", source, "-d", destination, "-j", jump, "-m", "comment", "--comment", id}
+	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(keyFormat, pair.ID)
+	rule := genRuleSpec(jump, pair.Source, pair.Destination)
+	existingRule, found := i.rules[ruleKey]
+	if found {
+		err := i.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(table, chain, existingRule...)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error while removing existing NAT rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
+		}
+		delete(i.rules, ruleKey)
+	}
+
+	// inserting after loopback ignore rule
+	err := i.iptablesClient.Insert(table, chain, 2, rule...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error while appending new NAT rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
+	}
+
+	i.rules[ruleKey] = rule
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// genRuleSpec generates rule specification
+func genRuleSpec(jump, source, destination string) []string {
+	return []string{"-s", source, "-d", destination, "-j", jump}
 }
 
 func getIptablesRuleType(table string) string {

client/firewall/iptables/router_linux_test.go

@@ -51,14 +51,12 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RestoreOrCreateContainers(t *testing.T) {
 		Destination: "100.100.100.0/24",
 		Masquerade:  true,
 	}
-	forward4RuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat, pair.ID)
+	forward4Rule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalForwardJump, pair.Source, pair.Destination)
-	forward4Rule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalForwardJump, forward4RuleKey, pair.Source, pair.Destination)
 
 	err = manager.iptablesClient.Insert(tableFilter, chainRTFWD, 1, forward4Rule...)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "inserting rule should not return error")
 
-	nat4RuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, pair.ID)
+	nat4Rule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, pair.Source, pair.Destination)
-	nat4Rule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, nat4RuleKey, pair.Source, pair.Destination)
 
 	err = manager.iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainRTNAT, 1, nat4Rule...)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "inserting rule should not return error")
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_InsertRoutingRules(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err, "forwarding pair should be inserted")
 
 			forwardRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat, testCase.InputPair.ID)
-			forwardRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalForwardJump, forwardRuleKey, testCase.InputPair.Source, testCase.InputPair.Destination)
+			forwardRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalForwardJump, testCase.InputPair.Source, testCase.InputPair.Destination)
 
 			exists, err := iptablesClient.Exists(tableFilter, chainRTFWD, forwardRule...)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableFilter, chainRTFWD)
@@ -103,7 +101,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_InsertRoutingRules(t *testing.T) {
 			require.Equal(t, forwardRule[:4], foundRule[:4], "stored forwarding rule should match")
 
 			inForwardRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.InForwardingFormat, testCase.InputPair.ID)
-			inForwardRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalForwardJump, inForwardRuleKey, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Source, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Destination)
+			inForwardRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalForwardJump, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Source, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Destination)
 
 			exists, err = iptablesClient.Exists(tableFilter, chainRTFWD, inForwardRule...)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableFilter, chainRTFWD)
@@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_InsertRoutingRules(t *testing.T) {
 			require.Equal(t, inForwardRule[:4], foundRule[:4], "stored income forwarding rule should match")
 
 			natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, testCase.InputPair.ID)
-			natRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, natRuleKey, testCase.InputPair.Source, testCase.InputPair.Destination)
+			natRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, testCase.InputPair.Source, testCase.InputPair.Destination)
 
 			exists, err = iptablesClient.Exists(tableNat, chainRTNAT, natRule...)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableNat, chainRTNAT)
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_InsertRoutingRules(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			inNatRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.InNatFormat, testCase.InputPair.ID)
-			inNatRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, inNatRuleKey, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Source, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Destination)
+			inNatRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Source, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Destination)
 
 			exists, err = iptablesClient.Exists(tableNat, chainRTNAT, inNatRule...)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableNat, chainRTNAT)
@@ -167,25 +165,25 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RemoveRoutingRules(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 
 			forwardRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat, testCase.InputPair.ID)
-			forwardRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalForwardJump, forwardRuleKey, testCase.InputPair.Source, testCase.InputPair.Destination)
+			forwardRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalForwardJump, testCase.InputPair.Source, testCase.InputPair.Destination)
 
 			err = iptablesClient.Insert(tableFilter, chainRTFWD, 1, forwardRule...)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "inserting rule should not return error")
 
 			inForwardRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.InForwardingFormat, testCase.InputPair.ID)
-			inForwardRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalForwardJump, inForwardRuleKey, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Source, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Destination)
+			inForwardRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalForwardJump, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Source, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Destination)
 
 			err = iptablesClient.Insert(tableFilter, chainRTFWD, 1, inForwardRule...)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "inserting rule should not return error")
 
 			natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, testCase.InputPair.ID)
-			natRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, natRuleKey, testCase.InputPair.Source, testCase.InputPair.Destination)
+			natRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, testCase.InputPair.Source, testCase.InputPair.Destination)
 
 			err = iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainRTNAT, 1, natRule...)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "inserting rule should not return error")
 
 			inNatRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.InNatFormat, testCase.InputPair.ID)
-			inNatRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, inNatRuleKey, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Source, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Destination)
+			inNatRule := genRuleSpec(routingFinalNatJump, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Source, firewall.GetInPair(testCase.InputPair).Destination)
 
 			err = iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainRTNAT, 1, inNatRule...)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "inserting rule should not return error")

client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux.go

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func (m *Manager) InsertRoutingRules(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.InsertRoutingRules(pair)
+	return m.router.AddRoutingRules(pair)
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) RemoveRoutingRules(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {

client/firewall/nftables/route_linux.go

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ const (
 
 	userDataAcceptForwardRuleSrc = "frwacceptsrc"
 	userDataAcceptForwardRuleDst = "frwacceptdst"
+
+	loopbackInterface = "lo\x00"
 )
 
 // some presets for building nftable rules
@@ -126,6 +128,22 @@ func (r *router) createContainers() error {
 		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
 	})
 
+	// Add RETURN rule for loopback interface
+	loRule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: r.chains[chainNameRoutingNat],
+		Exprs: []expr.Any{
+			&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME, Register: 1},
+			&expr.Cmp{
+				Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+				Register: 1,
+				Data:     []byte(loopbackInterface),
+			},
+			&expr.Verdict{Kind: expr.VerdictReturn},
+		},
+	}
+	r.conn.InsertRule(loRule)
+
 	err := r.refreshRulesMap()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to clean up rules from FORWARD chain: %s", err)
@@ -138,28 +156,28 @@ func (r *router) createContainers() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// InsertRoutingRules inserts a nftable rule pair to the forwarding chain and if enabled, to the nat chain
+// AddRoutingRules appends a nftable rule pair to the forwarding chain and if enabled, to the nat chain
-func (r *router) InsertRoutingRules(pair manager.RouterPair) error {
+func (r *router) AddRoutingRules(pair manager.RouterPair) error {
 	err := r.refreshRulesMap()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	err = r.insertRoutingRule(manager.ForwardingFormat, chainNameRouteingFw, pair, false)
+	err = r.addRoutingRule(manager.ForwardingFormat, chainNameRouteingFw, pair, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = r.insertRoutingRule(manager.InForwardingFormat, chainNameRouteingFw, manager.GetInPair(pair), false)
+	err = r.addRoutingRule(manager.InForwardingFormat, chainNameRouteingFw, manager.GetInPair(pair), false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	if pair.Masquerade {
-		err = r.insertRoutingRule(manager.NatFormat, chainNameRoutingNat, pair, true)
+		err = r.addRoutingRule(manager.NatFormat, chainNameRoutingNat, pair, true)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		err = r.insertRoutingRule(manager.InNatFormat, chainNameRoutingNat, manager.GetInPair(pair), true)
+		err = r.addRoutingRule(manager.InNatFormat, chainNameRoutingNat, manager.GetInPair(pair), true)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -177,8 +195,8 @@ func (r *router) InsertRoutingRules(pair manager.RouterPair) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// insertRoutingRule inserts a nftable rule to the conn client flush queue
+// addRoutingRule inserts a nftable rule to the conn client flush queue
-func (r *router) insertRoutingRule(format, chainName string, pair manager.RouterPair, isNat bool) error {
+func (r *router) addRoutingRule(format, chainName string, pair manager.RouterPair, isNat bool) error {
 	sourceExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(true, pair.Source)
 	destExp := generateCIDRMatcherExpressions(false, pair.Destination)
 
@@ -199,7 +217,7 @@ func (r *router) insertRoutingRule(format, chainName string, pair manager.Router
 		}
 	}
 
-	r.rules[ruleKey] = r.conn.InsertRule(&nftables.Rule{
+	r.rules[ruleKey] = r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
 		Table:    r.workTable,
 		Chain:    r.chains[chainName],
 		Exprs:    expression,

client/firewall/nftables/router_linux_test.go

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func TestNftablesManager_InsertRoutingRules(t *testing.T) {
 
 			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 
-			err = manager.InsertRoutingRules(testCase.InputPair)
+			err = manager.AddRoutingRules(testCase.InputPair)
 			defer func() {
 				_ = manager.RemoveRoutingRules(testCase.InputPair)
 			}()

client/firewall/uspfilter/allow_netbird_windows.go

@@ -64,15 +64,18 @@ func manageFirewallRule(ruleName string, action action, extraArgs ...string) err
 	if action == addRule {
 		args = append(args, extraArgs...)
 	}
-
+	netshCmd := GetSystem32Command("netsh")
-	cmd := exec.Command("netsh", args...)
+	cmd := exec.Command(netshCmd, args...)
 	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{HideWindow: true}
 	return cmd.Run()
 }
 
 func isWindowsFirewallReachable() bool {
 	args := []string{"advfirewall", "show", "allprofiles", "state"}
-	cmd := exec.Command("netsh", args...)
+
+	netshCmd := GetSystem32Command("netsh")
+
+	cmd := exec.Command(netshCmd, args...)
 	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{HideWindow: true}
 
 	_, err := cmd.Output()
@@ -87,8 +90,23 @@ func isWindowsFirewallReachable() bool {
 func isFirewallRuleActive(ruleName string) bool {
 	args := []string{"advfirewall", "firewall", "show", "rule", "name=" + ruleName}
 
-	cmd := exec.Command("netsh", args...)
+	netshCmd := GetSystem32Command("netsh")
+
+	cmd := exec.Command(netshCmd, args...)
 	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{HideWindow: true}
 	_, err := cmd.Output()
 	return err == nil
 }
+
+// GetSystem32Command checks if a command can be found in the system path and returns it. In case it can't find it
+// in the path it will return the full path of a command assuming C:\windows\system32 as the base path.
+func GetSystem32Command(command string) string {
+	_, err := exec.LookPath(command)
+	if err == nil {
+		return command
+	}
+
+	log.Tracef("Command %s not found in PATH, using C:\\windows\\system32\\%s.exe path", command, command)
+
+	return "C:\\windows\\system32\\" + command + ".exe"
+}

client/internal/config.go

@@ -5,12 +5,17 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
 	mgm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/client"
@@ -48,8 +53,10 @@ type ConfigInput struct {
 	RosenpassPermissive *bool
 	InterfaceName       *string
 	WireguardPort       *int
+	NetworkMonitor      *bool
 	DisableAutoConnect  *bool
 	ExtraIFaceBlackList []string
+	DNSRouteInterval    *time.Duration
 }
 
 // Config Configuration type
@@ -61,6 +68,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	AdminURL             *url.URL
 	WgIface              string
 	WgPort               int
+	NetworkMonitor       *bool
 	IFaceBlackList       []string
 	DisableIPv6Discovery bool
 	RosenpassEnabled     bool
@@ -91,6 +99,9 @@ type Config struct {
 	// DisableAutoConnect determines whether the client should not start with the service
 	// it's set to false by default due to backwards compatibility
 	DisableAutoConnect bool
+
+	// DNSRouteInterval is the interval in which the DNS routes are updated
+	DNSRouteInterval time.Duration
 }
 
 // ReadConfig read config file and return with Config. If it is not exists create a new with default values
@@ -100,6 +111,14 @@ func ReadConfig(configPath string) (*Config, error) {
 		if _, err := util.ReadJson(configPath, config); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+		// initialize through apply() without changes
+		if changed, err := config.apply(ConfigInput{}); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		} else if changed {
+			if err = WriteOutConfig(configPath, config); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
 
 		return config, nil
 	}
@@ -152,79 +171,15 @@ func WriteOutConfig(path string, config *Config) error {
 
 // createNewConfig creates a new config generating a new Wireguard key and saving to file
 func createNewConfig(input ConfigInput) (*Config, error) {
-	wgKey := generateKey()
-	pem, err := ssh.GeneratePrivateKey(ssh.ED25519)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
 	config := &Config{
-		SSHKey:               string(pem),
+		// defaults to false only for new (post 0.26) configurations
-		PrivateKey:           wgKey,
+		ServerSSHAllowed: util.False(),
-		IFaceBlackList:       []string{},
-		DisableIPv6Discovery: false,
-		NATExternalIPs:       input.NATExternalIPs,
-		CustomDNSAddress:     string(input.CustomDNSAddress),
-		ServerSSHAllowed:     util.False(),
-		DisableAutoConnect:   false,
 	}
 
-	defaultManagementURL, err := parseURL("Management URL", DefaultManagementURL)
+	if _, err := config.apply(input); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	config.ManagementURL = defaultManagementURL
-	if input.ManagementURL != "" {
-		URL, err := parseURL("Management URL", input.ManagementURL)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		config.ManagementURL = URL
-	}
-
-	config.WgPort = iface.DefaultWgPort
-	if input.WireguardPort != nil {
-		config.WgPort = *input.WireguardPort
-	}
-
-	config.WgIface = iface.WgInterfaceDefault
-	if input.InterfaceName != nil {
-		config.WgIface = *input.InterfaceName
-	}
-
-	if input.PreSharedKey != nil {
-		config.PreSharedKey = *input.PreSharedKey
-	}
-
-	if input.RosenpassEnabled != nil {
-		config.RosenpassEnabled = *input.RosenpassEnabled
-	}
-
-	if input.RosenpassPermissive != nil {
-		config.RosenpassPermissive = *input.RosenpassPermissive
-	}
-
-	if input.ServerSSHAllowed != nil {
-		config.ServerSSHAllowed = input.ServerSSHAllowed
-	}
-
-	defaultAdminURL, err := parseURL("Admin URL", DefaultAdminURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	config.AdminURL = defaultAdminURL
-	if input.AdminURL != "" {
-		newURL, err := parseURL("Admin Panel URL", input.AdminURL)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		config.AdminURL = newURL
-	}
-
-	// nolint:gocritic
-	config.IFaceBlackList = append(defaultInterfaceBlacklist, input.ExtraIFaceBlackList...)
 	return config, nil
 }
 
@@ -235,104 +190,12 @@ func update(input ConfigInput) (*Config, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	refresh := false
+	updated, err := config.apply(input)
-
+	if err != nil {
-	if input.ManagementURL != "" && config.ManagementURL.String() != input.ManagementURL {
+		return nil, err
-		log.Infof("new Management URL provided, updated to %s (old value %s)",
-			input.ManagementURL, config.ManagementURL)
-		newURL, err := parseURL("Management URL", input.ManagementURL)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		config.ManagementURL = newURL
-		refresh = true
 	}
 
-	if input.AdminURL != "" && (config.AdminURL == nil || config.AdminURL.String() != input.AdminURL) {
+	if updated {
-		log.Infof("new Admin Panel URL provided, updated to %s (old value %s)",
-			input.AdminURL, config.AdminURL)
-		newURL, err := parseURL("Admin Panel URL", input.AdminURL)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		config.AdminURL = newURL
-		refresh = true
-	}
-
-	if input.PreSharedKey != nil && config.PreSharedKey != *input.PreSharedKey {
-		log.Infof("new pre-shared key provided, replacing old key")
-		config.PreSharedKey = *input.PreSharedKey
-		refresh = true
-	}
-
-	if config.SSHKey == "" {
-		pem, err := ssh.GeneratePrivateKey(ssh.ED25519)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		config.SSHKey = string(pem)
-		refresh = true
-	}
-
-	if config.WgPort == 0 {
-		config.WgPort = iface.DefaultWgPort
-		refresh = true
-	}
-
-	if input.WireguardPort != nil {
-		config.WgPort = *input.WireguardPort
-		refresh = true
-	}
-
-	if input.InterfaceName != nil {
-		config.WgIface = *input.InterfaceName
-		refresh = true
-	}
-
-	if input.NATExternalIPs != nil && len(config.NATExternalIPs) != len(input.NATExternalIPs) {
-		config.NATExternalIPs = input.NATExternalIPs
-		refresh = true
-	}
-
-	if input.CustomDNSAddress != nil {
-		config.CustomDNSAddress = string(input.CustomDNSAddress)
-		refresh = true
-	}
-
-	if input.RosenpassEnabled != nil {
-		config.RosenpassEnabled = *input.RosenpassEnabled
-		refresh = true
-	}
-
-	if input.RosenpassPermissive != nil {
-		config.RosenpassPermissive = *input.RosenpassPermissive
-		refresh = true
-	}
-
-	if input.DisableAutoConnect != nil {
-		config.DisableAutoConnect = *input.DisableAutoConnect
-		refresh = true
-	}
-
-	if input.ServerSSHAllowed != nil {
-		config.ServerSSHAllowed = input.ServerSSHAllowed
-		refresh = true
-	}
-
-	if config.ServerSSHAllowed == nil {
-		config.ServerSSHAllowed = util.True()
-		refresh = true
-	}
-
-	if len(input.ExtraIFaceBlackList) > 0 {
-		for _, iFace := range util.SliceDiff(input.ExtraIFaceBlackList, config.IFaceBlackList) {
-			config.IFaceBlackList = append(config.IFaceBlackList, iFace)
-			refresh = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	if refresh {
-		// since we have new management URL, we need to update config file
 		if err := util.WriteJson(input.ConfigPath, config); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -341,6 +204,190 @@ func update(input ConfigInput) (*Config, error) {
 	return config, nil
 }
 
+func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
+	if config.ManagementURL == nil {
+		log.Infof("using default Management URL %s", DefaultManagementURL)
+		config.ManagementURL, err = parseURL("Management URL", DefaultManagementURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+	}
+	if input.ManagementURL != "" && input.ManagementURL != config.ManagementURL.String() {
+		log.Infof("new Management URL provided, updated to %#v (old value %#v)",
+			input.ManagementURL, config.ManagementURL.String())
+		URL, err := parseURL("Management URL", input.ManagementURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		config.ManagementURL = URL
+		updated = true
+	} else if config.ManagementURL == nil {
+		log.Infof("using default Management URL %s", DefaultManagementURL)
+		config.ManagementURL, err = parseURL("Management URL", DefaultManagementURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if config.AdminURL == nil {
+		log.Infof("using default Admin URL %s", DefaultManagementURL)
+		config.AdminURL, err = parseURL("Admin URL", DefaultAdminURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+	}
+	if input.AdminURL != "" && input.AdminURL != config.AdminURL.String() {
+		log.Infof("new Admin Panel URL provided, updated to %#v (old value %#v)",
+			input.AdminURL, config.AdminURL.String())
+		newURL, err := parseURL("Admin Panel URL", input.AdminURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return updated, err
+		}
+		config.AdminURL = newURL
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if config.PrivateKey == "" {
+		log.Infof("generated new Wireguard key")
+		config.PrivateKey = generateKey()
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if config.SSHKey == "" {
+		log.Infof("generated new SSH key")
+		pem, err := ssh.GeneratePrivateKey(ssh.ED25519)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		config.SSHKey = string(pem)
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.WireguardPort != nil && *input.WireguardPort != config.WgPort {
+		log.Infof("updating Wireguard port %d (old value %d)",
+			*input.WireguardPort, config.WgPort)
+		config.WgPort = *input.WireguardPort
+		updated = true
+	} else if config.WgPort == 0 {
+		config.WgPort = iface.DefaultWgPort
+		log.Infof("using default Wireguard port %d", config.WgPort)
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.InterfaceName != nil && *input.InterfaceName != config.WgIface {
+		log.Infof("updating Wireguard interface %#v (old value %#v)",
+			*input.InterfaceName, config.WgIface)
+		config.WgIface = *input.InterfaceName
+		updated = true
+	} else if config.WgIface == "" {
+		config.WgIface = iface.WgInterfaceDefault
+		log.Infof("using default Wireguard interface %s", config.WgIface)
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.NATExternalIPs != nil && !reflect.DeepEqual(config.NATExternalIPs, input.NATExternalIPs) {
+		log.Infof("updating NAT External IP [ %s ] (old value: [ %s ])",
+			strings.Join(input.NATExternalIPs, " "),
+			strings.Join(config.NATExternalIPs, " "))
+		config.NATExternalIPs = input.NATExternalIPs
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.PreSharedKey != nil && *input.PreSharedKey != config.PreSharedKey {
+		log.Infof("new pre-shared key provided, replacing old key")
+		config.PreSharedKey = *input.PreSharedKey
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.RosenpassEnabled != nil && *input.RosenpassEnabled != config.RosenpassEnabled {
+		log.Infof("switching Rosenpass to %t", *input.RosenpassEnabled)
+		config.RosenpassEnabled = *input.RosenpassEnabled
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.RosenpassPermissive != nil && *input.RosenpassPermissive != config.RosenpassPermissive {
+		log.Infof("switching Rosenpass permissive to %t", *input.RosenpassPermissive)
+		config.RosenpassPermissive = *input.RosenpassPermissive
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.NetworkMonitor != nil && input.NetworkMonitor != config.NetworkMonitor {
+		log.Infof("switching Network Monitor to %t", *input.NetworkMonitor)
+		config.NetworkMonitor = input.NetworkMonitor
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if config.NetworkMonitor == nil {
+		// enable network monitoring by default on windows and darwin clients
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" || runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+			enabled := true
+			config.NetworkMonitor = &enabled
+			updated = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if input.CustomDNSAddress != nil && string(input.CustomDNSAddress) != config.CustomDNSAddress {
+		log.Infof("updating custom DNS address %#v (old value %#v)",
+			string(input.CustomDNSAddress), config.CustomDNSAddress)
+		config.CustomDNSAddress = string(input.CustomDNSAddress)
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if len(config.IFaceBlackList) == 0 {
+		log.Infof("filling in interface blacklist with defaults: [ %s ]",
+			strings.Join(defaultInterfaceBlacklist, " "))
+		config.IFaceBlackList = append(config.IFaceBlackList, defaultInterfaceBlacklist...)
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if len(input.ExtraIFaceBlackList) > 0 {
+		for _, iFace := range util.SliceDiff(input.ExtraIFaceBlackList, config.IFaceBlackList) {
+			log.Infof("adding new entry to interface blacklist: %s", iFace)
+			config.IFaceBlackList = append(config.IFaceBlackList, iFace)
+			updated = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if input.DisableAutoConnect != nil && *input.DisableAutoConnect != config.DisableAutoConnect {
+		if *input.DisableAutoConnect {
+			log.Infof("turning off automatic connection on startup")
+		} else {
+			log.Infof("enabling automatic connection on startup")
+		}
+		config.DisableAutoConnect = *input.DisableAutoConnect
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.ServerSSHAllowed != nil && *input.ServerSSHAllowed != *config.ServerSSHAllowed {
+		if *input.ServerSSHAllowed {
+			log.Infof("enabling SSH server")
+		} else {
+			log.Infof("disabling SSH server")
+		}
+		config.ServerSSHAllowed = input.ServerSSHAllowed
+		updated = true
+	} else if config.ServerSSHAllowed == nil {
+		// enables SSH for configs from old versions to preserve backwards compatibility
+		log.Infof("falling back to enabled SSH server for pre-existing configuration")
+		config.ServerSSHAllowed = util.True()
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.DNSRouteInterval != nil && *input.DNSRouteInterval != config.DNSRouteInterval {
+		log.Infof("updating DNS route interval to %s (old value %s)",
+			input.DNSRouteInterval.String(), config.DNSRouteInterval.String())
+		config.DNSRouteInterval = *input.DNSRouteInterval
+		updated = true
+	} else if config.DNSRouteInterval == 0 {
+		config.DNSRouteInterval = dynamic.DefaultInterval
+		log.Infof("using default DNS route interval %s", config.DNSRouteInterval)
+		updated = true
+
+	}
+
+	return updated, nil
+}
+
 // parseURL parses and validates a service URL
 func parseURL(serviceName, serviceURL string) (*url.URL, error) {
 	parsedMgmtURL, err := url.ParseRequestURI(serviceURL)

client/internal/connect.go

@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"runtime"
 	"runtime/debug"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
@@ -29,29 +31,45 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
-// RunClient with main logic.
+type ConnectClient struct {
-func RunClient(ctx context.Context, config *Config, statusRecorder *peer.Status) error {
+	ctx            context.Context
-	return runClient(ctx, config, statusRecorder, MobileDependency{}, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	config         *Config
+	statusRecorder *peer.Status
+	engine         *Engine
+	engineMutex    sync.Mutex
 }
 
-// RunClientWithProbes runs the client's main logic with probes attached
+func NewConnectClient(
-func RunClientWithProbes(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	config *Config,
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
+
+) *ConnectClient {
+	return &ConnectClient{
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		config:         config,
+		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
+		engineMutex:    sync.Mutex{},
+	}
+}
+
+// Run with main logic.
+func (c *ConnectClient) Run() error {
+	return c.run(MobileDependency{}, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+}
+
+// RunWithProbes runs the client's main logic with probes attached
+func (c *ConnectClient) RunWithProbes(
 	mgmProbe *Probe,
 	signalProbe *Probe,
 	relayProbe *Probe,
 	wgProbe *Probe,
 ) error {
-	return runClient(ctx, config, statusRecorder, MobileDependency{}, mgmProbe, signalProbe, relayProbe, wgProbe)
+	return c.run(MobileDependency{}, mgmProbe, signalProbe, relayProbe, wgProbe)
 }
 
-// RunClientMobile with main logic on mobile system
+// RunOnAndroid with main logic on mobile system
-func RunClientMobile(
+func (c *ConnectClient) RunOnAndroid(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	config *Config,
-	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
 	tunAdapter iface.TunAdapter,
 	iFaceDiscover stdnet.ExternalIFaceDiscover,
 	networkChangeListener listener.NetworkChangeListener,
@@ -66,29 +84,26 @@ func RunClientMobile(
 		HostDNSAddresses:      dnsAddresses,
 		DnsReadyListener:      dnsReadyListener,
 	}
-	return runClient(ctx, config, statusRecorder, mobileDependency, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	return c.run(mobileDependency, nil, nil, nil, nil)
 }
 
-func RunClientiOS(
+func (c *ConnectClient) RunOniOS(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	config *Config,
-	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
 	fileDescriptor int32,
 	networkChangeListener listener.NetworkChangeListener,
 	dnsManager dns.IosDnsManager,
 ) error {
+	// Set GC percent to 5% to reduce memory usage as iOS only allows 50MB of memory for the extension.
+	debug.SetGCPercent(5)
+
 	mobileDependency := MobileDependency{
 		FileDescriptor:        fileDescriptor,
 		NetworkChangeListener: networkChangeListener,
 		DnsManager:            dnsManager,
 	}
-	return runClient(ctx, config, statusRecorder, mobileDependency, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	return c.run(mobileDependency, nil, nil, nil, nil)
 }
 
-func runClient(
+func (c *ConnectClient) run(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	config *Config,
-	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
 	mobileDependency MobileDependency,
 	mgmProbe *Probe,
 	signalProbe *Probe,
@@ -105,7 +120,7 @@ func runClient(
 
 	// Check if client was not shut down in a clean way and restore DNS config if required.
 	// Otherwise, we might not be able to connect to the management server to retrieve new config.
-	if err := dns.CheckUncleanShutdown(config.WgIface); err != nil {
+	if err := dns.CheckUncleanShutdown(c.config.WgIface); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("checking unclean shutdown error: %s", err)
 	}
 
@@ -119,7 +134,7 @@ func runClient(
 		Clock:               backoff.SystemClock,
 	}
 
-	state := CtxGetState(ctx)
+	state := CtxGetState(c.ctx)
 	defer func() {
 		s, err := state.Status()
 		if err != nil || s != StatusNeedsLogin {
@@ -128,49 +143,49 @@ func runClient(
 	}()
 
 	wrapErr := state.Wrap
-	myPrivateKey, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(config.PrivateKey)
+	myPrivateKey, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(c.config.PrivateKey)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed parsing Wireguard key %s: [%s]", config.PrivateKey, err.Error())
+		log.Errorf("failed parsing Wireguard key %s: [%s]", c.config.PrivateKey, err.Error())
 		return wrapErr(err)
 	}
 
 	var mgmTlsEnabled bool
-	if config.ManagementURL.Scheme == "https" {
+	if c.config.ManagementURL.Scheme == "https" {
 		mgmTlsEnabled = true
 	}
 
-	publicSSHKey, err := ssh.GeneratePublicKey([]byte(config.SSHKey))
+	publicSSHKey, err := ssh.GeneratePublicKey([]byte(c.config.SSHKey))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	defer statusRecorder.ClientStop()
+	defer c.statusRecorder.ClientStop()
 	operation := func() error {
 		// if context cancelled we not start new backoff cycle
 		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
+		case <-c.ctx.Done():
 			return nil
 		default:
 		}
 
 		state.Set(StatusConnecting)
 
-		engineCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		engineCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(c.ctx)
 		defer func() {
-			statusRecorder.MarkManagementDisconnected(state.err)
+			c.statusRecorder.MarkManagementDisconnected(state.err)
-			statusRecorder.CleanLocalPeerState()
+			c.statusRecorder.CleanLocalPeerState()
 			cancel()
 		}()
 
-		log.Debugf("connecting to the Management service %s", config.ManagementURL.Host)
+		log.Debugf("connecting to the Management service %s", c.config.ManagementURL.Host)
-		mgmClient, err := mgm.NewClient(engineCtx, config.ManagementURL.Host, myPrivateKey, mgmTlsEnabled)
+		mgmClient, err := mgm.NewClient(engineCtx, c.config.ManagementURL.Host, myPrivateKey, mgmTlsEnabled)
 		if err != nil {
 			return wrapErr(gstatus.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "failed connecting to Management Service : %s", err))
 		}
-		mgmNotifier := statusRecorderToMgmConnStateNotifier(statusRecorder)
+		mgmNotifier := statusRecorderToMgmConnStateNotifier(c.statusRecorder)
 		mgmClient.SetConnStateListener(mgmNotifier)
 
-		log.Debugf("connected to the Management service %s", config.ManagementURL.Host)
+		log.Debugf("connected to the Management service %s", c.config.ManagementURL.Host)
 		defer func() {
 			err = mgmClient.Close()
 			if err != nil {
@@ -188,7 +203,7 @@ func runClient(
 			}
 			return wrapErr(err)
 		}
-		statusRecorder.MarkManagementConnected()
+		c.statusRecorder.MarkManagementConnected()
 
 		localPeerState := peer.LocalPeerState{
 			IP:              loginResp.GetPeerConfig().GetAddress(),
@@ -197,18 +212,18 @@ func runClient(
 			FQDN:            loginResp.GetPeerConfig().GetFqdn(),
 		}
 
-		statusRecorder.UpdateLocalPeerState(localPeerState)
+		c.statusRecorder.UpdateLocalPeerState(localPeerState)
 
 		signalURL := fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s",
 			strings.ToLower(loginResp.GetWiretrusteeConfig().GetSignal().GetProtocol().String()),
 			loginResp.GetWiretrusteeConfig().GetSignal().GetUri(),
 		)
 
-		statusRecorder.UpdateSignalAddress(signalURL)
+		c.statusRecorder.UpdateSignalAddress(signalURL)
 
-		statusRecorder.MarkSignalDisconnected(nil)
+		c.statusRecorder.MarkSignalDisconnected(nil)
 		defer func() {
-			statusRecorder.MarkSignalDisconnected(state.err)
+			c.statusRecorder.MarkSignalDisconnected(state.err)
 		}()
 
 		// with the global Wiretrustee config in hand connect (just a connection, no stream yet) Signal
@@ -224,35 +239,40 @@ func runClient(
 			}
 		}()
 
-		signalNotifier := statusRecorderToSignalConnStateNotifier(statusRecorder)
+		signalNotifier := statusRecorderToSignalConnStateNotifier(c.statusRecorder)
 		signalClient.SetConnStateListener(signalNotifier)
 
-		statusRecorder.MarkSignalConnected()
+		c.statusRecorder.MarkSignalConnected()
 
 		peerConfig := loginResp.GetPeerConfig()
 
-		engineConfig, err := createEngineConfig(myPrivateKey, config, peerConfig)
+		engineConfig, err := createEngineConfig(myPrivateKey, c.config, peerConfig)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error(err)
 			return wrapErr(err)
 		}
 
-		engine := NewEngineWithProbes(engineCtx, cancel, signalClient, mgmClient, engineConfig, mobileDependency, statusRecorder, mgmProbe, signalProbe, relayProbe, wgProbe)
+		checks := loginResp.GetChecks()
-		err = engine.Start()
+
+		c.engineMutex.Lock()
+		c.engine = NewEngineWithProbes(engineCtx, cancel, signalClient, mgmClient, engineConfig, mobileDependency, c.statusRecorder, mgmProbe, signalProbe, relayProbe, wgProbe, checks)
+		c.engineMutex.Unlock()
+
+		err = c.engine.Start()
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("error while starting Netbird Connection Engine: %s", err)
 			return wrapErr(err)
 		}
 
-		log.Print("Netbird engine started, my IP is: ", peerConfig.Address)
+		log.Infof("Netbird engine started, the IP is: %s", peerConfig.GetAddress())
 		state.Set(StatusConnected)
 
 		<-engineCtx.Done()
-		statusRecorder.ClientTeardown()
+		c.statusRecorder.ClientTeardown()
 
 		backOff.Reset()
 
-		err = engine.Stop()
+		err = c.engine.Stop()
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("failed stopping engine %v", err)
 			return wrapErr(err)
@@ -267,7 +287,7 @@ func runClient(
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	statusRecorder.ClientStart()
+	c.statusRecorder.ClientStart()
 	err = backoff.Retry(operation, backOff)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("exiting client retry loop due to unrecoverable error: %s", err)
@@ -279,8 +299,20 @@ func runClient(
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (c *ConnectClient) Engine() *Engine {
+	var e *Engine
+	c.engineMutex.Lock()
+	e = c.engine
+	c.engineMutex.Unlock()
+	return e
+}
+
 // createEngineConfig converts configuration received from Management Service to EngineConfig
 func createEngineConfig(key wgtypes.Key, config *Config, peerConfig *mgmProto.PeerConfig) (*EngineConfig, error) {
+	nm := false
+	if config.NetworkMonitor != nil {
+		nm = *config.NetworkMonitor
+	}
 	engineConf := &EngineConfig{
 		WgIfaceName:          config.WgIface,
 		WgAddr:               peerConfig.Address,
@@ -288,12 +320,14 @@ func createEngineConfig(key wgtypes.Key, config *Config, peerConfig *mgmProto.Pe
 		DisableIPv6Discovery: config.DisableIPv6Discovery,
 		WgPrivateKey:         key,
 		WgPort:               config.WgPort,
+		NetworkMonitor:       nm,
 		SSHKey:               []byte(config.SSHKey),
 		NATExternalIPs:       config.NATExternalIPs,
 		CustomDNSAddress:     config.CustomDNSAddress,
 		RosenpassEnabled:     config.RosenpassEnabled,
 		RosenpassPermissive:  config.RosenpassPermissive,
 		ServerSSHAllowed:     util.ReturnBoolWithDefaultTrue(config.ServerSSHAllowed),
+		DNSRouteInterval:     config.DNSRouteInterval,
 	}
 
 	if config.PreSharedKey != "" {
@@ -304,6 +338,15 @@ func createEngineConfig(key wgtypes.Key, config *Config, peerConfig *mgmProto.Pe
 		engineConf.PreSharedKey = &preSharedKey
 	}
 
+	port, err := freePort(config.WgPort)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if port != config.WgPort {
+		log.Infof("using %d as wireguard port: %d is in use", port, config.WgPort)
+	}
+	engineConf.WgPort = port
+
 	return engineConf, nil
 }
 
@@ -353,3 +396,20 @@ func statusRecorderToSignalConnStateNotifier(statusRecorder *peer.Status) signal
 	notifier, _ := sri.(signal.ConnStateNotifier)
 	return notifier
 }
+
+func freePort(start int) (int, error) {
+	addr := net.UDPAddr{}
+	if start == 0 {
+		start = iface.DefaultWgPort
+	}
+	for x := start; x <= 65535; x++ {
+		addr.Port = x
+		conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &addr)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		conn.Close()
+		return x, nil
+	}
+	return 0, errors.New("no free ports")
+}

client/internal/connect_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func Test_freePort(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		port    int
+		want    int
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "available",
+			port:    51820,
+			want:    51820,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "notavailable",
+			port:    51830,
+			want:    51831,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "noports",
+			port:    65535,
+			want:    0,
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+
+		c1, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{Port: 51830})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("freePort error = %v", err)
+		}
+		c2, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{Port: 65535})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("freePort error = %v", err)
+		}
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := freePort(tt.port)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("freePort() error = %v, wantErr %v", err, tt.wantErr)
+				return
+			}
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("freePort() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+		c1.Close()
+		c2.Close()
+	}
+}

client/internal/dns/consts_freebsd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package dns
+
+const (
+	fileUncleanShutdownResolvConfLocation  = "/var/db/netbird/resolv.conf"
+	fileUncleanShutdownManagerTypeLocation = "/var/db/netbird/manager"
+)

client/internal/dns/consts_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package dns
+
+const (
+	fileUncleanShutdownResolvConfLocation  = "/var/lib/netbird/resolv.conf"
+	fileUncleanShutdownManagerTypeLocation = "/var/lib/netbird/manager"
+)

client/internal/dns/dbus_unix.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build (linux && !android) || freebsd
 
 package dns
 

client/internal/dns/file_parser_unix.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build (linux && !android) || freebsd
 
 package dns
 

client/internal/dns/file_parser_unix_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build (linux && !android) || freebsd
 
 package dns
 

client/internal/dns/file_repair_unix.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build (linux && !android) || freebsd
 
 package dns
 

client/internal/dns/file_repair_unix_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build (linux && !android) || freebsd
 
 package dns
 

client/internal/dns/file_unix.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build (linux && !android) || freebsd
 
 package dns
 
@@ -47,24 +47,20 @@ func (f *fileConfigurator) supportCustomPort() bool {
 }
 
 func (f *fileConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig) error {
-	backupFileExist := false
+	backupFileExist := f.isBackupFileExist()
-	_, err := os.Stat(fileDefaultResolvConfBackupLocation)
-	if err == nil {
-		backupFileExist = true
-	}
-
 	if !config.RouteAll {
 		if backupFileExist {
-			err = f.restore()
+			f.repair.stopWatchFileChanges()
+			err := f.restore()
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("unable to configure DNS for this peer using file manager without a Primary nameserver group. Restoring the original file return err: %w", err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("restoring the original resolv.conf file return err: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to configure DNS for this peer using file manager without a nameserver group with all domains configured")
 	}
 
 	if !backupFileExist {
-		err = f.backup()
+		err := f.backup()
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("unable to backup the resolv.conf file: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -184,6 +180,11 @@ func (f *fileConfigurator) restoreUncleanShutdownDNS(storedDNSAddress *netip.Add
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (f *fileConfigurator) isBackupFileExist() bool {
+	_, err := os.Stat(fileDefaultResolvConfBackupLocation)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
 func restoreResolvConfFile() error {
 	log.Debugf("restoring unclean shutdown: restoring %s from %s", defaultResolvConfPath, fileUncleanShutdownResolvConfLocation)
 

client/internal/dns/file_unix_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build (linux && !android) || freebsd
 
 package dns
 

client/internal/dns/host_unix.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build (linux && !android) || freebsd
 
 package dns
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func getOSDNSManagerType() (osManagerType, error) {
 		if strings.Contains(text, "NetworkManager") && isDbusListenerRunning(networkManagerDest, networkManagerDbusObjectNode) && isNetworkManagerSupported() {
 			return networkManager, nil
 		}
-		if strings.Contains(text, "systemd-resolved") && isDbusListenerRunning(systemdResolvedDest, systemdDbusObjectNode) {
+		if strings.Contains(text, "systemd-resolved") && isSystemdResolvedRunning() {
 			if checkStub() {
 				return systemdManager, nil
 			} else {
@@ -116,16 +116,10 @@ func getOSDNSManagerType() (osManagerType, error) {
 			}
 		}
 		if strings.Contains(text, "resolvconf") {
-			if isDbusListenerRunning(systemdResolvedDest, systemdDbusObjectNode) {
+			if isSystemdResolveConfMode() {
-				var value string
+				return systemdManager, nil
-				err = getSystemdDbusProperty(systemdDbusResolvConfModeProperty, &value)
-				if err == nil {
-					if value == systemdDbusResolvConfModeForeign {
-						return systemdManager, nil
-					}
-				}
-				log.Errorf("got an error while checking systemd resolv conf mode, error: %s", err)
 			}
+
 			return resolvConfManager, nil
 		}
 	}

client/internal/dns/hosts_dns_holder.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+type hostsDNSHolder struct {
+	unprotectedDNSList map[string]struct{}
+	mutex              sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+func newHostsDNSHolder() *hostsDNSHolder {
+	return &hostsDNSHolder{
+		unprotectedDNSList: make(map[string]struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *hostsDNSHolder) set(list []string) {
+	h.mutex.Lock()
+	h.unprotectedDNSList = make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, dns := range list {
+		dnsAddr, err := h.normalizeAddress(dns)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		h.unprotectedDNSList[dnsAddr] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	h.mutex.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (h *hostsDNSHolder) get() map[string]struct{} {
+	h.mutex.RLock()
+	l := h.unprotectedDNSList
+	h.mutex.RUnlock()
+	return l
+}
+
+//nolint:unused
+func (h *hostsDNSHolder) isContain(upstream string) bool {
+	h.mutex.RLock()
+	defer h.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	_, ok := h.unprotectedDNSList[upstream]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (h *hostsDNSHolder) normalizeAddress(addr string) (string, error) {
+	a, err := netip.ParseAddr(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("invalid upstream IP address: %s, error: %s", addr, err)
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	if a.Is4() {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s:53", addr), nil
+	} else {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("[%s]:53", addr), nil
+	}
+}

client/internal/dns/local.go

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ func (d *localResolver) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 	response := d.lookupRecord(r)
 	if response != nil {
 		replyMessage.Answer = append(replyMessage.Answer, response)
+	} else {
+		replyMessage.Rcode = dns.RcodeNameError
 	}
 
 	err := w.WriteMsg(replyMessage)

client/internal/dns/network_manager_unix.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build (linux && !android) || freebsd
 
 package dns
 

client/internal/dns/resolvconf_unix.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build (linux && !android) || freebsd
 
 package dns
 

client/internal/dns/server.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
@@ -54,9 +55,8 @@ type DefaultServer struct {
 	currentConfig      HostDNSConfig
 
 	// permanent related properties
-	permanent        bool
+	permanent      bool
-	hostsDnsList     []string
+	hostsDNSHolder *hostsDNSHolder
-	hostsDnsListLock sync.Mutex
 
 	// make sense on mobile only
 	searchDomainNotifier *notifier
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ func NewDefaultServerPermanentUpstream(
 ) *DefaultServer {
 	log.Debugf("host dns address list is: %v", hostsDnsList)
 	ds := newDefaultServer(ctx, wgInterface, newServiceViaMemory(wgInterface), statusRecorder)
+	ds.hostsDNSHolder.set(hostsDnsList)
 	ds.permanent = true
-	ds.hostsDnsList = hostsDnsList
 	ds.addHostRootZone()
 	ds.currentConfig = dnsConfigToHostDNSConfig(config, ds.service.RuntimeIP(), ds.service.RuntimePort())
 	ds.searchDomainNotifier = newNotifier(ds.SearchDomains())
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ func newDefaultServer(ctx context.Context, wgInterface WGIface, dnsService servi
 		},
 		wgInterface:    wgInterface,
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
+		hostsDNSHolder: newHostsDNSHolder(),
 	}
 
 	return defaultServer
@@ -202,10 +203,8 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) Stop() {
 // OnUpdatedHostDNSServer update the DNS servers addresses for root zones
 // It will be applied if the mgm server do not enforce DNS settings for root zone
 func (s *DefaultServer) OnUpdatedHostDNSServer(hostsDnsList []string) {
-	s.hostsDnsListLock.Lock()
+	s.hostsDNSHolder.set(hostsDnsList)
-	defer s.hostsDnsListLock.Unlock()
 
-	s.hostsDnsList = hostsDnsList
 	_, ok := s.dnsMuxMap[nbdns.RootZone]
 	if ok {
 		log.Debugf("on new host DNS config but skip to apply it")
@@ -374,6 +373,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) buildUpstreamHandlerUpdate(nameServerGroups []*nbdns.Nam
 			s.wgInterface.Address().IP,
 			s.wgInterface.Address().Network,
 			s.statusRecorder,
+			s.hostsDNSHolder,
 		)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to create a new upstream resolver, error: %v", err)
@@ -452,9 +452,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) updateMux(muxUpdates []muxUpdate) {
 		_, found := muxUpdateMap[key]
 		if !found {
 			if !isContainRootUpdate && key == nbdns.RootZone {
-				s.hostsDnsListLock.Lock()
 				s.addHostRootZone()
-				s.hostsDnsListLock.Unlock()
 				existingHandler.stop()
 			} else {
 				existingHandler.stop()
@@ -512,6 +510,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) upstreamCallbacks(
 		if nsGroup.Primary {
 			removeIndex[nbdns.RootZone] = -1
 			s.currentConfig.RouteAll = false
+			s.service.DeregisterMux(nbdns.RootZone)
 		}
 
 		for i, item := range s.currentConfig.Domains {
@@ -521,10 +520,15 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) upstreamCallbacks(
 				removeIndex[item.Domain] = i
 			}
 		}
+
 		if err := s.hostManager.applyDNSConfig(s.currentConfig); err != nil {
 			l.Errorf("Failed to apply nameserver deactivation on the host: %v", err)
 		}
 
+		if runtime.GOOS == "android" && nsGroup.Primary && len(s.hostsDNSHolder.get()) > 0 {
+			s.addHostRootZone()
+		}
+
 		s.updateNSState(nsGroup, err, false)
 
 	}
@@ -545,6 +549,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) upstreamCallbacks(
 
 		if nsGroup.Primary {
 			s.currentConfig.RouteAll = true
+			s.service.RegisterMux(nbdns.RootZone, handler)
 		}
 		if err := s.hostManager.applyDNSConfig(s.currentConfig); err != nil {
 			l.WithError(err).Error("reactivate temporary disabled nameserver group, DNS update apply")
@@ -562,25 +567,16 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) addHostRootZone() {
 		s.wgInterface.Address().IP,
 		s.wgInterface.Address().Network,
 		s.statusRecorder,
+		s.hostsDNSHolder,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("unable to create a new upstream resolver, error: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
-	handler.upstreamServers = make([]string, len(s.hostsDnsList))
-	for n, ua := range s.hostsDnsList {
-		a, err := netip.ParseAddr(ua)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("invalid upstream IP address: %s, error: %s", ua, err)
-			continue
-		}
 
-		ipString := ua
+	handler.upstreamServers = make([]string, 0)
-		if !a.Is4() {
+	for k := range s.hostsDNSHolder.get() {
-			ipString = fmt.Sprintf("[%s]", ua)
+		handler.upstreamServers = append(handler.upstreamServers, k)
-		}
-
-		handler.upstreamServers[n] = fmt.Sprintf("%s:53", ipString)
 	}
 	handler.deactivate = func(error) {}
 	handler.reactivate = func() {}

client/internal/dns/server_test.go

@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ func (w *mocWGIface) Address() iface.WGAddress {
 	}
 }
 
+func (w *mocWGIface) ToInterface() *net.Interface {
+	panic("implement me")
+}
+
 func (w *mocWGIface) GetFilter() iface.PacketFilter {
 	return w.filter
 }
@@ -261,7 +265,7 @@ func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(fmt.Sprintf("utun230%d", n), fmt.Sprintf("100.66.100.%d/32", n+1), 33100, privKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil)
+			wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(fmt.Sprintf("utun230%d", n), fmt.Sprintf("100.66.100.%d/32", n+1), 33100, privKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil, nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
@@ -339,7 +343,7 @@ func TestDNSFakeResolverHandleUpdates(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	privKey, _ := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
-	wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace("utun2301", "100.66.100.1/32", 33100, privKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil)
+	wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace("utun2301", "100.66.100.1/32", 33100, privKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("build interface wireguard: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -797,7 +801,7 @@ func createWgInterfaceWithBind(t *testing.T) (*iface.WGIface, error) {
 	}
 
 	privKey, _ := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
-	wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace("utun2301", "100.66.100.2/24", 33100, privKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil)
+	wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace("utun2301", "100.66.100.2/24", 33100, privKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("build interface wireguard: %v", err)
 		return nil, err

client/internal/dns/server_unix.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build (linux && !android) || freebsd
 
 package dns
 

client/internal/dns/systemd_freebsd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+var errNotImplemented = errors.New("not implemented")
+
+func newSystemdDbusConfigurator(wgInterface string) (hostManager, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("systemd dns management: %w on freebsd", errNotImplemented)
+}
+
+func isSystemdResolvedRunning() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func isSystemdResolveConfMode() bool {
+	return false
+}

client/internal/dns/systemd_linux.go

@@ -242,3 +242,25 @@ func getSystemdDbusProperty(property string, store any) error {
 
 	return v.Store(store)
 }
+
+func isSystemdResolvedRunning() bool {
+	return isDbusListenerRunning(systemdResolvedDest, systemdDbusObjectNode)
+}
+
+func isSystemdResolveConfMode() bool {
+	if !isDbusListenerRunning(systemdResolvedDest, systemdDbusObjectNode) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	var value string
+	if err := getSystemdDbusProperty(systemdDbusResolvConfModeProperty, &value); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("got an error while checking systemd resolv conf mode, error: %s", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if value == systemdDbusResolvConfModeForeign {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

client/internal/dns/unclean_shutdown_unix.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build (linux && !android) || freebsd
 
 package dns
 
@@ -14,11 +14,6 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-const (
-	fileUncleanShutdownResolvConfLocation  = "/var/lib/netbird/resolv.conf"
-	fileUncleanShutdownManagerTypeLocation = "/var/lib/netbird/manager"
-)
-
 func CheckUncleanShutdown(wgIface string) error {
 	if _, err := os.Stat(fileUncleanShutdownResolvConfLocation); err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {

client/internal/dns/upstream.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"runtime"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
@@ -79,6 +78,11 @@ func (u *upstreamResolverBase) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 	}()
 
 	log.WithField("question", r.Question[0]).Trace("received an upstream question")
+	// set the AuthenticatedData flag and the EDNS0 buffer size to 4096 bytes to support larger dns records
+	if r.Extra == nil {
+		r.SetEdns0(4096, false)
+		r.MsgHdr.AuthenticatedData = true
+	}
 
 	select {
 	case <-u.ctx.Done():
@@ -260,13 +264,10 @@ func (u *upstreamResolverBase) disable(err error) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// todo test the deactivation logic, it seems to affect the client
+	log.Warnf("Upstream resolving is Disabled for %v", reactivatePeriod)
-	if runtime.GOOS != "ios" {
+	u.deactivate(err)
-		log.Warnf("Upstream resolving is Disabled for %v", reactivatePeriod)
+	u.disabled = true
-		u.deactivate(err)
+	go u.waitUntilResponse()
-		u.disabled = true
-		go u.waitUntilResponse()
-	}
 }
 
 func (u *upstreamResolverBase) testNameserver(server string) error {

client/internal/dns/upstream_android.go

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
+)
+
+type upstreamResolver struct {
+	*upstreamResolverBase
+	hostsDNSHolder *hostsDNSHolder
+}
+
+// newUpstreamResolver in Android we need to distinguish the DNS servers to available through VPN or outside of VPN
+// In case if the assigned DNS address is available only in the protected network then the resolver will time out at the
+// first time, and we need to wait for a while to start to use again the proper DNS resolver.
+func newUpstreamResolver(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	_ string,
+	_ net.IP,
+	_ *net.IPNet,
+	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
+	hostsDNSHolder *hostsDNSHolder,
+) (*upstreamResolver, error) {
+	upstreamResolverBase := newUpstreamResolverBase(ctx, statusRecorder)
+	c := &upstreamResolver{
+		upstreamResolverBase: upstreamResolverBase,
+		hostsDNSHolder:       hostsDNSHolder,
+	}
+	upstreamResolverBase.upstreamClient = c
+	return c, nil
+}
+
+// exchange in case of Android if the upstream is a local resolver then we do not need to mark the socket as protected.
+// In other case the DNS resolvation goes through the VPN, so we need to force to use the
+func (u *upstreamResolver) exchange(ctx context.Context, upstream string, r *dns.Msg) (rm *dns.Msg, t time.Duration, err error) {
+	if u.isLocalResolver(upstream) {
+		return u.exchangeWithoutVPN(ctx, upstream, r)
+	} else {
+		return u.exchangeWithinVPN(ctx, upstream, r)
+	}
+}
+
+func (u *upstreamResolver) exchangeWithinVPN(ctx context.Context, upstream string, r *dns.Msg) (rm *dns.Msg, t time.Duration, err error) {
+	upstreamExchangeClient := &dns.Client{}
+	return upstreamExchangeClient.ExchangeContext(ctx, r, upstream)
+}
+
+// exchangeWithoutVPN protect the UDP socket by Android SDK to avoid to goes through the VPN
+func (u *upstreamResolver) exchangeWithoutVPN(ctx context.Context, upstream string, r *dns.Msg) (rm *dns.Msg, t time.Duration, err error) {
+	timeout := upstreamTimeout
+	if deadline, ok := ctx.Deadline(); ok {
+		timeout = time.Until(deadline)
+	}
+	dialTimeout := timeout
+
+	nbDialer := nbnet.NewDialer()
+
+	dialer := &net.Dialer{
+		Control: func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
+			return nbDialer.Control(network, address, c)
+		},
+		Timeout: dialTimeout,
+	}
+
+	upstreamExchangeClient := &dns.Client{
+		Dialer: dialer,
+	}
+
+	return upstreamExchangeClient.Exchange(r, upstream)
+}
+
+func (u *upstreamResolver) isLocalResolver(upstream string) bool {
+	if u.hostsDNSHolder.isContain(upstream) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}

client/internal/dns/upstream_general.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !ios
+//go:build !android && !ios
 
 package dns
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 )
 
-type upstreamResolverNonIOS struct {
+type upstreamResolver struct {
 	*upstreamResolverBase
 }
 
@@ -22,16 +22,17 @@ func newUpstreamResolver(
 	_ net.IP,
 	_ *net.IPNet,
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
-) (*upstreamResolverNonIOS, error) {
+	_ *hostsDNSHolder,
+) (*upstreamResolver, error) {
 	upstreamResolverBase := newUpstreamResolverBase(ctx, statusRecorder)
-	nonIOS := &upstreamResolverNonIOS{
+	nonIOS := &upstreamResolver{
 		upstreamResolverBase: upstreamResolverBase,
 	}
 	upstreamResolverBase.upstreamClient = nonIOS
 	return nonIOS, nil
 }
 
-func (u *upstreamResolverNonIOS) exchange(ctx context.Context, upstream string, r *dns.Msg) (rm *dns.Msg, t time.Duration, err error) {
+func (u *upstreamResolver) exchange(ctx context.Context, upstream string, r *dns.Msg) (rm *dns.Msg, t time.Duration, err error) {
 	upstreamExchangeClient := &dns.Client{}
 	return upstreamExchangeClient.ExchangeContext(ctx, r, upstream)
 }

client/internal/dns/upstream_ios.go

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ func newUpstreamResolver(
 	ip net.IP,
 	net *net.IPNet,
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
+	_ *hostsDNSHolder,
 ) (*upstreamResolverIOS, error) {
 	upstreamResolverBase := newUpstreamResolverBase(ctx, statusRecorder)
 

client/internal/dns/upstream_test.go

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func TestUpstreamResolver_ServeDNS(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, testCase := range testCases {
 		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
-			resolver, _ := newUpstreamResolver(ctx, "", net.IP{}, &net.IPNet{}, nil)
+			resolver, _ := newUpstreamResolver(ctx, "", net.IP{}, &net.IPNet{}, nil, nil)
 			resolver.upstreamServers = testCase.InputServers
 			resolver.upstreamTimeout = testCase.timeout
 			if testCase.cancelCTX {

client/internal/dns/wgiface.go

@@ -2,12 +2,17 @@
 
 package dns
 
-import "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
+import (
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
+)
 
 // WGIface defines subset methods of interface required for manager
 type WGIface interface {
 	Name() string
 	Address() iface.WGAddress
+	ToInterface() *net.Interface
 	IsUserspaceBind() bool
 	GetFilter() iface.PacketFilter
 	GetDevice() *iface.DeviceWrapper

client/internal/engine.go

@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@ package internal
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"math/rand"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -21,21 +24,26 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/networkmonitor"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/relay"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/rosenpass"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/wgproxy"
 	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface/bind"
 	mgm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/client"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	signal "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/client"
 	sProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
 // PeerConnectionTimeoutMax is a timeout of an initial connection attempt to a remote peer.
@@ -60,6 +68,9 @@ type EngineConfig struct {
 	// WgPrivateKey is a Wireguard private key of our peer (it MUST never leave the machine)
 	WgPrivateKey wgtypes.Key
 
+	// NetworkMonitor is a flag to enable network monitoring
+	NetworkMonitor bool
+
 	// IFaceBlackList is a list of network interfaces to ignore when discovering connection candidates (ICE related)
 	IFaceBlackList       []string
 	DisableIPv6Discovery bool
@@ -83,6 +94,8 @@ type EngineConfig struct {
 	RosenpassPermissive bool
 
 	ServerSSHAllowed bool
+
+	DNSRouteInterval time.Duration
 }
 
 // Engine is a mechanism responsible for reacting on Signal and Management stream events and managing connections to the remote peers.
@@ -94,8 +107,8 @@ type Engine struct {
 	// peerConns is a map that holds all the peers that are known to this peer
 	peerConns map[string]*peer.Conn
 
-	beforePeerHook peer.BeforeAddPeerHookFunc
+	beforePeerHook nbnet.AddHookFunc
-	afterPeerHook  peer.AfterRemovePeerHookFunc
+	afterPeerHook  nbnet.RemoveHookFunc
 
 	// rpManager is a Rosenpass manager
 	rpManager *rosenpass.Manager
@@ -111,9 +124,15 @@ type Engine struct {
 	// TURNs is a list of STUN servers used by ICE
 	TURNs []*stun.URI
 
-	cancel context.CancelFunc
+	// clientRoutes is the most recent list of clientRoutes received from the Management Service
+	clientRoutes   route.HAMap
+	clientRoutesMu sync.RWMutex
 
-	ctx context.Context
+	clientCtx    context.Context
+	clientCancel context.CancelFunc
+
+	ctx    context.Context
+	cancel context.CancelFunc
 
 	wgInterface    *iface.WGIface
 	wgProxyFactory *wgproxy.Factory
@@ -123,6 +142,8 @@ type Engine struct {
 	// networkSerial is the latest CurrentSerial (state ID) of the network sent by the Management service
 	networkSerial uint64
 
+	networkMonitor *networkmonitor.NetworkMonitor
+
 	sshServerFunc func(hostKeyPEM []byte, addr string) (nbssh.Server, error)
 	sshServer     nbssh.Server
 
@@ -138,6 +159,11 @@ type Engine struct {
 	signalProbe *Probe
 	relayProbe  *Probe
 	wgProbe     *Probe
+
+	wgConnWorker sync.WaitGroup
+
+	// checks are the client-applied posture checks that need to be evaluated on the client
+	checks []*mgmProto.Checks
 }
 
 // Peer is an instance of the Connection Peer
@@ -148,17 +174,18 @@ type Peer struct {
 
 // NewEngine creates a new Connection Engine
 func NewEngine(
-	ctx context.Context,
+	clientCtx context.Context,
-	cancel context.CancelFunc,
+	clientCancel context.CancelFunc,
 	signalClient signal.Client,
 	mgmClient mgm.Client,
 	config *EngineConfig,
 	mobileDep MobileDependency,
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
+	checks []*mgmProto.Checks,
 ) *Engine {
 	return NewEngineWithProbes(
-		ctx,
+		clientCtx,
-		cancel,
+		clientCancel,
 		signalClient,
 		mgmClient,
 		config,
@@ -168,13 +195,14 @@ func NewEngine(
 		nil,
 		nil,
 		nil,
+		checks,
 	)
 }
 
 // NewEngineWithProbes creates a new Connection Engine with probes attached
 func NewEngineWithProbes(
-	ctx context.Context,
+	clientCtx context.Context,
-	cancel context.CancelFunc,
+	clientCancel context.CancelFunc,
 	signalClient signal.Client,
 	mgmClient mgm.Client,
 	config *EngineConfig,
@@ -184,10 +212,12 @@ func NewEngineWithProbes(
 	signalProbe *Probe,
 	relayProbe *Probe,
 	wgProbe *Probe,
+	checks []*mgmProto.Checks,
 ) *Engine {
+
 	return &Engine{
-		ctx:            ctx,
+		clientCtx:      clientCtx,
-		cancel:         cancel,
+		clientCancel:   clientCancel,
 		signal:         signalClient,
 		mgmClient:      mgmClient,
 		peerConns:      make(map[string]*peer.Conn),
@@ -199,11 +229,11 @@ func NewEngineWithProbes(
 		networkSerial:  0,
 		sshServerFunc:  nbssh.DefaultSSHServer,
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
-		wgProxyFactory: wgproxy.NewFactory(config.WgPort),
 		mgmProbe:       mgmProbe,
 		signalProbe:    signalProbe,
 		relayProbe:     relayProbe,
 		wgProbe:        wgProbe,
+		checks:         checks,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -211,16 +241,31 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
 	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
 
+	if e.cancel != nil {
+		e.cancel()
+	}
+
+	// stopping network monitor first to avoid starting the engine again
+	if e.networkMonitor != nil {
+		e.networkMonitor.Stop()
+	}
+	log.Info("Network monitor: stopped")
+
 	err := e.removeAllPeers()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	e.clientRoutesMu.Lock()
+	e.clientRoutes = nil
+	e.clientRoutesMu.Unlock()
+
 	// very ugly but we want to remove peers from the WireGuard interface first before removing interface.
-	// Removing peers happens in the conn.CLose() asynchronously
+	// Removing peers happens in the conn.Close() asynchronously
 	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
 
 	e.close()
+	e.wgConnWorker.Wait()
 	log.Infof("stopped Netbird Engine")
 	return nil
 }
@@ -232,6 +277,11 @@ func (e *Engine) Start() error {
 	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
 	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
 
+	if e.cancel != nil {
+		e.cancel()
+	}
+	e.ctx, e.cancel = context.WithCancel(e.clientCtx)
+
 	wgIface, err := e.newWgIface()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed creating wireguard interface instance %s: [%s]", e.config.WgIfaceName, err)
@@ -239,6 +289,9 @@ func (e *Engine) Start() error {
 	}
 	e.wgInterface = wgIface
 
+	userspace := e.wgInterface.IsUserspaceBind()
+	e.wgProxyFactory = wgproxy.NewFactory(e.ctx, userspace, e.config.WgPort)
+
 	if e.config.RosenpassEnabled {
 		log.Infof("rosenpass is enabled")
 		if e.config.RosenpassPermissive {
@@ -263,7 +316,7 @@ func (e *Engine) Start() error {
 	}
 	e.dnsServer = dnsServer
 
-	e.routeManager = routemanager.NewManager(e.ctx, e.config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String(), e.wgInterface, e.statusRecorder, initialRoutes)
+	e.routeManager = routemanager.NewManager(e.ctx, e.config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String(), e.config.DNSRouteInterval, e.wgInterface, e.statusRecorder, initialRoutes)
 	beforePeerHook, afterPeerHook, err := e.routeManager.Init()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("Failed to initialize route manager: %s", err)
@@ -315,6 +368,9 @@ func (e *Engine) Start() error {
 	e.receiveManagementEvents()
 	e.receiveProbeEvents()
 
+	// starting network monitor at the very last to avoid disruptions
+	e.startNetworkMonitor()
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -486,6 +542,10 @@ func (e *Engine) handleSync(update *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
 		// todo update signal
 	}
 
+	if err := e.updateChecksIfNew(update.Checks); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	if update.GetNetworkMap() != nil {
 		// only apply new changes and ignore old ones
 		err := e.updateNetworkMap(update.GetNetworkMap())
@@ -493,7 +553,27 @@ func (e *Engine) handleSync(update *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+	return nil
+}
 
+// updateChecksIfNew updates checks if there are changes and sync new meta with management
+func (e *Engine) updateChecksIfNew(checks []*mgmProto.Checks) error {
+	// if checks are equal, we skip the update
+	if isChecksEqual(e.checks, checks) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	e.checks = checks
+
+	info, err := system.GetInfoWithChecks(e.ctx, checks)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to get system info with checks: %v", err)
+		info = system.GetInfo(e.ctx)
+	}
+
+	if err := e.mgmClient.SyncMeta(info); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("could not sync meta: error %s", err)
+		return err
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -509,8 +589,8 @@ func (e *Engine) updateSSH(sshConf *mgmProto.SSHConfig) error {
 	} else {
 
 		if sshConf.GetSshEnabled() {
-			if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			if runtime.GOOS == "windows" || runtime.GOOS == "freebsd" {
-				log.Warnf("running SSH server on Windows is not supported")
+				log.Warnf("running SSH server on %s is not supported", runtime.GOOS)
 				return nil
 			}
 			// start SSH server if it wasn't running
@@ -583,12 +663,19 @@ func (e *Engine) updateConfig(conf *mgmProto.PeerConfig) error {
 // E.g. when a new peer has been registered and we are allowed to connect to it.
 func (e *Engine) receiveManagementEvents() {
 	go func() {
-		err := e.mgmClient.Sync(e.handleSync)
+		info, err := system.GetInfoWithChecks(e.ctx, e.checks)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to get system info with checks: %v", err)
+			info = system.GetInfo(e.ctx)
+		}
+
+		// err = e.mgmClient.Sync(info, e.handleSync)
+		err = e.mgmClient.Sync(e.ctx, info, e.handleSync)
 		if err != nil {
 			// happens if management is unavailable for a long time.
 			// We want to cancel the operation of the whole client
 			_ = CtxGetState(e.ctx).Wrap(ErrResetConnection)
-			e.cancel()
+			e.clientCancel()
 			return
 		}
 		log.Debugf("stopped receiving updates from Management Service")
@@ -650,6 +737,20 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	protoRoutes := networkMap.GetRoutes()
+	if protoRoutes == nil {
+		protoRoutes = []*mgmProto.Route{}
+	}
+
+	_, clientRoutes, err := e.routeManager.UpdateRoutes(serial, toRoutes(protoRoutes))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to update clientRoutes, err: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	e.clientRoutesMu.Lock()
+	e.clientRoutes = clientRoutes
+	e.clientRoutesMu.Unlock()
+
 	log.Debugf("got peers update from Management Service, total peers to connect to = %d", len(networkMap.GetRemotePeers()))
 
 	e.updateOfflinePeers(networkMap.GetOfflinePeers())
@@ -691,14 +792,6 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	protoRoutes := networkMap.GetRoutes()
-	if protoRoutes == nil {
-		protoRoutes = []*mgmProto.Route{}
-	}
-	err := e.routeManager.UpdateRoutes(serial, toRoutes(protoRoutes))
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to update routes, err: %v", err)
-	}
 
 	protoDNSConfig := networkMap.GetDNSConfig()
 	if protoDNSConfig == nil {
@@ -726,15 +819,24 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 func toRoutes(protoRoutes []*mgmProto.Route) []*route.Route {
 	routes := make([]*route.Route, 0)
 	for _, protoRoute := range protoRoutes {
-		_, prefix, _ := route.ParseNetwork(protoRoute.Network)
+		var prefix netip.Prefix
+		if len(protoRoute.Domains) == 0 {
+			var err error
+			if prefix, err = netip.ParsePrefix(protoRoute.Network); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Failed to parse prefix %s: %v", protoRoute.Network, err)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
 		convertedRoute := &route.Route{
-			ID:          protoRoute.ID,
+			ID:          route.ID(protoRoute.ID),
 			Network:     prefix,
-			NetID:       protoRoute.NetID,
+			Domains:     domain.FromPunycodeList(protoRoute.Domains),
+			NetID:       route.NetID(protoRoute.NetID),
 			NetworkType: route.NetworkType(protoRoute.NetworkType),
 			Peer:        protoRoute.Peer,
 			Metric:      int(protoRoute.Metric),
 			Masquerade:  protoRoute.Masquerade,
+			KeepRoute:   protoRoute.KeepRoute,
 		}
 		routes = append(routes, convertedRoute)
 	}
@@ -832,18 +934,25 @@ func (e *Engine) addNewPeer(peerConfig *mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) error {
 			log.Warnf("error adding peer %s to status recorder, got error: %v", peerKey, err)
 		}
 
+		e.wgConnWorker.Add(1)
 		go e.connWorker(conn, peerKey)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) connWorker(conn *peer.Conn, peerKey string) {
+	defer e.wgConnWorker.Done()
 	for {
 
 		// randomize starting time a bit
 		min := 500
 		max := 2000
-		time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(max-min)+min) * time.Millisecond)
+		duration := time.Duration(rand.Intn(max-min)+min) * time.Millisecond
+		select {
+		case <-e.ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-time.After(duration):
+		}
 
 		// if peer has been removed -> give up
 		if !e.peerExists(peerKey) {
@@ -861,11 +970,12 @@ func (e *Engine) connWorker(conn *peer.Conn, peerKey string) {
 		conn.UpdateStunTurn(append(e.STUNs, e.TURNs...))
 		e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
 
-		err := conn.Open()
+		err := conn.Open(e.ctx)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Debugf("connection to peer %s failed: %v", peerKey, err)
-			switch err.(type) {
+			var connectionClosedError *peer.ConnectionClosedError
-			case *peer.ConnectionClosedError:
+			switch {
+			case errors.As(err, &connectionClosedError):
 				// conn has been forced to close, so we exit the loop
 				return
 			default:
@@ -929,7 +1039,6 @@ func (e *Engine) createPeerConn(pubKey string, allowedIPs string) (*peer.Conn, e
 		WgConfig:             wgConfig,
 		LocalWgPort:          e.config.WgPort,
 		NATExternalIPs:       e.parseNATExternalIPMappings(),
-		UserspaceBind:        e.wgInterface.IsUserspaceBind(),
 		RosenpassPubKey:      e.getRosenpassPubKey(),
 		RosenpassAddr:        e.getRosenpassAddr(),
 	}
@@ -976,7 +1085,7 @@ func (e *Engine) createPeerConn(pubKey string, allowedIPs string) (*peer.Conn, e
 func (e *Engine) receiveSignalEvents() {
 	go func() {
 		// connect to a stream of messages coming from the signal server
-		err := e.signal.Receive(func(msg *sProto.Message) error {
+		err := e.signal.Receive(e.ctx, func(msg *sProto.Message) error {
 			e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
 			defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
 
@@ -992,8 +1101,6 @@ func (e *Engine) receiveSignalEvents() {
 					return err
 				}
 
-				conn.RegisterProtoSupportMeta(msg.Body.GetFeaturesSupported())
-
 				var rosenpassPubKey []byte
 				rosenpassAddr := ""
 				if msg.GetBody().GetRosenpassConfig() != nil {
@@ -1016,8 +1123,6 @@ func (e *Engine) receiveSignalEvents() {
 					return err
 				}
 
-				conn.RegisterProtoSupportMeta(msg.GetBody().GetFeaturesSupported())
-
 				var rosenpassPubKey []byte
 				rosenpassAddr := ""
 				if msg.GetBody().GetRosenpassConfig() != nil {
@@ -1040,7 +1145,8 @@ func (e *Engine) receiveSignalEvents() {
 					log.Errorf("failed on parsing remote candidate %s -> %s", candidate, err)
 					return err
 				}
-				conn.OnRemoteCandidate(candidate)
+
+				conn.OnRemoteCandidate(candidate, e.GetClientRoutes())
 			case sProto.Body_MODE:
 			}
 
@@ -1050,7 +1156,7 @@ func (e *Engine) receiveSignalEvents() {
 			// happens if signal is unavailable for a long time.
 			// We want to cancel the operation of the whole client
 			_ = CtxGetState(e.ctx).Wrap(ErrResetConnection)
-			e.cancel()
+			e.clientCancel()
 			return
 		}
 	}()
@@ -1111,13 +1217,16 @@ func (e *Engine) parseNATExternalIPMappings() []string {
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) close() {
-	if err := e.wgProxyFactory.Free(); err != nil {
+	if e.wgProxyFactory != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed closing ebpf proxy: %s", err)
+		if err := e.wgProxyFactory.Free(); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed closing ebpf proxy: %s", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// stop/restore DNS first so dbus and friends don't complain because of a missing interface
 	if e.dnsServer != nil {
 		e.dnsServer.Stop()
+		e.dnsServer = nil
 	}
 
 	if e.routeManager != nil {
@@ -1151,7 +1260,8 @@ func (e *Engine) close() {
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) readInitialSettings() ([]*route.Route, *nbdns.Config, error) {
-	netMap, err := e.mgmClient.GetNetworkMap()
+	info := system.GetInfo(e.ctx)
+	netMap, err := e.mgmClient.GetNetworkMap(info)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
@@ -1180,7 +1290,7 @@ func (e *Engine) newWgIface() (*iface.WGIface, error) {
 	default:
 	}
 
-	return iface.NewWGIFace(e.config.WgIfaceName, e.config.WgAddr, e.config.WgPort, e.config.WgPrivateKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, transportNet, mArgs)
+	return iface.NewWGIFace(e.config.WgIfaceName, e.config.WgAddr, e.config.WgPort, e.config.WgPrivateKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, transportNet, mArgs, e.addrViaRoutes)
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) wgInterfaceCreate() (err error) {
@@ -1229,6 +1339,31 @@ func (e *Engine) newDnsServer() ([]*route.Route, dns.Server, error) {
 	}
 }
 
+// GetClientRoutes returns the current routes from the route map
+func (e *Engine) GetClientRoutes() route.HAMap {
+	e.clientRoutesMu.RLock()
+	defer e.clientRoutesMu.RUnlock()
+
+	return maps.Clone(e.clientRoutes)
+}
+
+// GetClientRoutesWithNetID returns the current routes from the route map, but the keys consist of the network ID only
+func (e *Engine) GetClientRoutesWithNetID() map[route.NetID][]*route.Route {
+	e.clientRoutesMu.RLock()
+	defer e.clientRoutesMu.RUnlock()
+
+	routes := make(map[route.NetID][]*route.Route, len(e.clientRoutes))
+	for id, v := range e.clientRoutes {
+		routes[id.NetID()] = v
+	}
+	return routes
+}
+
+// GetRouteManager returns the route manager
+func (e *Engine) GetRouteManager() routemanager.Manager {
+	return e.routeManager
+}
+
 func findIPFromInterfaceName(ifaceName string) (net.IP, error) {
 	iface, err := net.InterfaceByName(ifaceName)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1329,3 +1464,72 @@ func (e *Engine) probeSTUNs() []relay.ProbeResult {
 func (e *Engine) probeTURNs() []relay.ProbeResult {
 	return relay.ProbeAll(e.ctx, relay.ProbeTURN, e.TURNs)
 }
+
+func (e *Engine) restartEngine() {
+	if err := e.Stop(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to stop engine: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := e.Start(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to start engine: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *Engine) startNetworkMonitor() {
+	if !e.config.NetworkMonitor {
+		log.Infof("Network monitor is disabled, not starting")
+		return
+	}
+
+	e.networkMonitor = networkmonitor.New()
+	go func() {
+		var mu sync.Mutex
+		var debounceTimer *time.Timer
+
+		// Start the network monitor with a callback, Start will block until the monitor is stopped,
+		// a network change is detected, or an error occurs on start up
+		err := e.networkMonitor.Start(e.ctx, func() {
+			// This function is called when a network change is detected
+			mu.Lock()
+			defer mu.Unlock()
+
+			if debounceTimer != nil {
+				debounceTimer.Stop()
+			}
+
+			// Set a new timer to debounce rapid network changes
+			debounceTimer = time.AfterFunc(1*time.Second, func() {
+				// This function is called after the debounce period
+				mu.Lock()
+				defer mu.Unlock()
+
+				log.Infof("Network monitor detected network change, restarting engine")
+				e.restartEngine()
+			})
+		})
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, networkmonitor.ErrStopped) {
+			log.Errorf("Network monitor: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func (e *Engine) addrViaRoutes(addr netip.Addr) (bool, netip.Prefix, error) {
+	var vpnRoutes []netip.Prefix
+	for _, routes := range e.GetClientRoutes() {
+		if len(routes) > 0 && routes[0] != nil {
+			vpnRoutes = append(vpnRoutes, routes[0].Network)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if isVpn, prefix := systemops.IsAddrRouted(addr, vpnRoutes); isVpn {
+		return true, prefix, nil
+	}
+
+	return false, netip.Prefix{}, nil
+}
+
+// isChecksEqual checks if two slices of checks are equal.
+func isChecksEqual(checks []*mgmProto.Checks, oChecks []*mgmProto.Checks) bool {
+	return slices.EqualFunc(checks, oChecks, func(checks, oChecks *mgmProto.Checks) bool {
+		return slices.Equal(checks.Files, oChecks.Files)
+	})
+}

client/internal/engine_test.go

@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager"
@@ -56,9 +58,9 @@ var (
 )
 
 func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
-
+	// todo resolve test execution on freebsd
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" || runtime.GOOS == "freebsd" {
-		t.Skip("skipping TestEngine_SSH on Windows")
+		t.Skip("skipping TestEngine_SSH")
 	}
 
 	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
 		WgPrivateKey:     key,
 		WgPort:           33100,
 		ServerSSHAllowed: true,
-	}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"))
+	}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil)
 
 	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
 		UpdateDNSServerFunc: func(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error { return nil },
@@ -172,7 +174,7 @@ func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	//time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
+	// time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
 	assert.NotNil(t, engine.sshServer)
 	assert.Contains(t, sshPeersRemoved, "MNHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=")
 
@@ -210,16 +212,16 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		WgAddr:       "100.64.0.1/24",
 		WgPrivateKey: key,
 		WgPort:       33100,
-	}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"))
+	}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil)
 	newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	engine.wgInterface, err = iface.NewWGIFace("utun102", "100.64.0.1/24", engine.config.WgPort, key.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil)
+	engine.wgInterface, err = iface.NewWGIFace("utun102", "100.64.0.1/24", engine.config.WgPort, key.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	engine.routeManager = routemanager.NewManager(ctx, key.PublicKey().String(), engine.wgInterface, engine.statusRecorder, nil)
+	engine.routeManager = routemanager.NewManager(ctx, key.PublicKey().String(), time.Minute, engine.wgInterface, engine.statusRecorder, nil)
 	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
 		UpdateDNSServerFunc: func(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error { return nil },
 	}
@@ -228,6 +230,7 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	engine.udpMux = bind.NewUniversalUDPMuxDefault(bind.UniversalUDPMuxParams{UDPConn: conn})
+	engine.ctx = ctx
 
 	type testCase struct {
 		name       string
@@ -391,7 +394,7 @@ func TestEngine_Sync(t *testing.T) {
 	// feed updates to Engine via mocked Management client
 	updates := make(chan *mgmtProto.SyncResponse)
 	defer close(updates)
-	syncFunc := func(msgHandler func(msg *mgmtProto.SyncResponse) error) error {
+	syncFunc := func(ctx context.Context, info *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *mgmtProto.SyncResponse) error) error {
 		for msg := range updates {
 			err := msgHandler(msg)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -406,7 +409,8 @@ func TestEngine_Sync(t *testing.T) {
 		WgAddr:       "100.64.0.1/24",
 		WgPrivateKey: key,
 		WgPort:       33100,
-	}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"))
+	}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil)
+	engine.ctx = ctx
 
 	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
 		UpdateDNSServerFunc: func(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error { return nil },
@@ -564,12 +568,13 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 				WgAddr:       wgAddr,
 				WgPrivateKey: key,
 				WgPort:       33100,
-			}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"))
+			}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil)
+			engine.ctx = ctx
 			newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet()
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			engine.wgInterface, err = iface.NewWGIFace(wgIfaceName, wgAddr, engine.config.WgPort, key.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil)
+			engine.wgInterface, err = iface.NewWGIFace(wgIfaceName, wgAddr, engine.config.WgPort, key.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil, nil)
 			assert.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 			input := struct {
 				inputSerial uint64
@@ -577,10 +582,10 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 			}{}
 
 			mockRouteManager := &routemanager.MockManager{
-				UpdateRoutesFunc: func(updateSerial uint64, newRoutes []*route.Route) error {
+				UpdateRoutesFunc: func(updateSerial uint64, newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[route.ID]*route.Route, route.HAMap, error) {
 					input.inputSerial = updateSerial
 					input.inputRoutes = newRoutes
-					return testCase.inputErr
+					return nil, nil, testCase.inputErr
 				},
 			}
 
@@ -597,8 +602,8 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 			err = engine.updateNetworkMap(testCase.networkMap)
 			assert.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedSerial, input.inputSerial, "serial should match")
-			assert.Len(t, input.inputRoutes, testCase.expectedLen, "routes len should match")
+			assert.Len(t, input.inputRoutes, testCase.expectedLen, "clientRoutes len should match")
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedRoutes, input.inputRoutes, "routes should match")
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedRoutes, input.inputRoutes, "clientRoutes should match")
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -733,17 +738,19 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithDNSUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 				WgAddr:       wgAddr,
 				WgPrivateKey: key,
 				WgPort:       33100,
-			}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"))
+			}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil)
+			engine.ctx = ctx
+
 			newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet()
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			engine.wgInterface, err = iface.NewWGIFace(wgIfaceName, wgAddr, 33100, key.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil)
+			engine.wgInterface, err = iface.NewWGIFace(wgIfaceName, wgAddr, 33100, key.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil, nil)
 			assert.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 
 			mockRouteManager := &routemanager.MockManager{
-				UpdateRoutesFunc: func(updateSerial uint64, newRoutes []*route.Route) error {
+				UpdateRoutesFunc: func(updateSerial uint64, newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[route.ID]*route.Route, route.HAMap, error) {
-					return nil
+					return nil, nil, nil
 				},
 			}
 
@@ -804,13 +811,13 @@ func TestEngine_MultiplePeers(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
 	defer cancel()
 
-	sigServer, signalAddr, err := startSignal()
+	sigServer, signalAddr, err := startSignal(t)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 		return
 	}
 	defer sigServer.Stop()
-	mgmtServer, mgmtAddr, err := startManagement(dir)
+	mgmtServer, mgmtAddr, err := startManagement(t, dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 		return
@@ -1002,10 +1009,14 @@ func createEngine(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, setupKey strin
 		WgPort:       wgPort,
 	}
 
-	return NewEngine(ctx, cancel, signalClient, mgmtClient, conf, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm")), nil
+	e, err := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, signalClient, mgmtClient, conf, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil), nil
+	e.ctx = ctx
+	return e, err
 }
 
-func startSignal() (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
+func startSignal(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
 	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
 
 	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
@@ -1013,7 +1024,9 @@ func startSignal() (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
 		log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(s, signalServer.NewServer())
+	srv, err := signalServer.NewServer(otel.Meter(""))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(s, srv)
 
 	go func() {
 		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
@@ -1024,7 +1037,9 @@ func startSignal() (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
 	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
 }
 
-func startManagement(dataDir string) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
+func startManagement(t *testing.T, dataDir string) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
 	config := &server.Config{
 		Stuns:      []*server.Host{},
 		TURNConfig: &server.TURNConfig{},
@@ -1041,23 +1056,25 @@ func startManagement(dataDir string) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
 	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
-	store, err := server.NewStoreFromJson(config.Datadir, nil)
+
+	store, cleanUp, err := server.NewTestStoreFromJson(context.Background(), config.Datadir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
 
 	peersUpdateManager := server.NewPeersUpdateManager(nil)
 	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
-	ia, _ := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(eventStore)
+	ia, _ := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), eventStore)
-	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(store, peersUpdateManager, nil, "", "netbird.selfhosted", eventStore, nil, false, ia)
+	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(context.Background(), store, peersUpdateManager, nil, "", "netbird.selfhosted", eventStore, nil, false, ia)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
 	turnManager := server.NewTimeBasedAuthSecretsManager(peersUpdateManager, config.TURNConfig)
-	mgmtServer, err := server.NewServer(config, accountManager, peersUpdateManager, turnManager, nil, nil)
+	mgmtServer, err := server.NewServer(context.Background(), config, accountManager, peersUpdateManager, turnManager, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}

client/internal/login.go

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func Login(ctx context.Context, config *Config, setupKey string, jwtToken string
 	}
 
 	serverKey, err := doMgmLogin(ctx, mgmClient, pubSSHKey)
-	if isRegistrationNeeded(err) {
+	if serverKey != nil && isRegistrationNeeded(err) {
 		log.Debugf("peer registration required")
 		_, err = registerPeer(ctx, *serverKey, mgmClient, setupKey, jwtToken, pubSSHKey)
 		return err

client/internal/networkmonitor/monitor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package networkmonitor
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+var ErrStopped = errors.New("monitor has been stopped")
+
+// NetworkMonitor watches for changes in network configuration.
+type NetworkMonitor struct {
+	cancel context.CancelFunc
+	wg     sync.WaitGroup
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+}
+
+// New creates a new network monitor.
+func New() *NetworkMonitor {
+	return &NetworkMonitor{}
+}

client/internal/networkmonitor/monitor_bsd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+//go:build (darwin && !ios) || dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
+
+package networkmonitor
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/net/route"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
+)
+
+func checkChange(ctx context.Context, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop, callback func()) error {
+	fd, err := unix.Socket(syscall.AF_ROUTE, syscall.SOCK_RAW, syscall.AF_UNSPEC)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open routing socket: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := unix.Close(fd); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Network monitor: failed to close routing socket: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ErrStopped
+		default:
+			buf := make([]byte, 2048)
+			n, err := unix.Read(fd, buf)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Network monitor: failed to read from routing socket: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			if n < unix.SizeofRtMsghdr {
+				log.Errorf("Network monitor: read from routing socket returned less than expected: %d bytes", n)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			msg := (*unix.RtMsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0]))
+
+			switch msg.Type {
+			// handle route changes
+			case unix.RTM_ADD, syscall.RTM_DELETE:
+				route, err := parseRouteMessage(buf[:n])
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Errorf("Network monitor: error parsing routing message: %v", err)
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if !route.Dst.Addr().IsUnspecified() {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				intf := "<nil>"
+				if route.Interface != nil {
+					intf = route.Interface.Name
+				}
+				switch msg.Type {
+				case unix.RTM_ADD:
+					log.Infof("Network monitor: default route changed: via %s, interface %s", route.Gw, intf)
+					go callback()
+				case unix.RTM_DELETE:
+					if nexthopv4.Intf != nil && route.Gw.Compare(nexthopv4.IP) == 0 || nexthopv6.Intf != nil && route.Gw.Compare(nexthopv6.IP) == 0 {
+						log.Infof("Network monitor: default route removed: via %s, interface %s", route.Gw, intf)
+						go callback()
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func parseRouteMessage(buf []byte) (*systemops.Route, error) {
+	msgs, err := route.ParseRIB(route.RIBTypeRoute, buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse RIB: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(msgs) != 1 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message msgs: %v", msgs)
+	}
+
+	msg, ok := msgs[0].(*route.RouteMessage)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message type: %T", msgs[0])
+	}
+
+	return systemops.MsgToRoute(msg)
+}

client/internal/networkmonitor/monitor_generic.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//go:build !ios && !android
+
+package networkmonitor
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"runtime/debug"
+
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
+)
+
+// Start begins monitoring network changes. When a change is detected, it calls the callback asynchronously and returns.
+func (nw *NetworkMonitor) Start(ctx context.Context, callback func()) (err error) {
+	if ctx.Err() != nil {
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+
+	nw.mu.Lock()
+	ctx, nw.cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	nw.mu.Unlock()
+
+	nw.wg.Add(1)
+	defer nw.wg.Done()
+
+	var nexthop4, nexthop6 systemops.Nexthop
+
+	operation := func() error {
+		var errv4, errv6 error
+		nexthop4, errv4 = systemops.GetNextHop(netip.IPv4Unspecified())
+		nexthop6, errv6 = systemops.GetNextHop(netip.IPv6Unspecified())
+
+		if errv4 != nil && errv6 != nil {
+			return errors.New("failed to get default next hops")
+		}
+
+		if errv4 == nil {
+			log.Debugf("Network monitor: IPv4 default route: %s, interface: %s", nexthop4.IP, nexthop4.Intf.Name)
+		}
+		if errv6 == nil {
+			log.Debugf("Network monitor: IPv6 default route: %s, interface: %s", nexthop6.IP, nexthop6.Intf.Name)
+		}
+
+		// continue if either route was found
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	expBackOff := backoff.WithContext(backoff.NewExponentialBackOff(), ctx)
+
+	if err := backoff.Retry(operation, expBackOff); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get default next hops: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// recover in case sys ops panic
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("panic occurred: %v, stack trace: %s", r, string(debug.Stack()))
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err := checkChange(ctx, nexthop4, nexthop6, callback); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("check change: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Stop stops the network monitor.
+func (nw *NetworkMonitor) Stop() {
+	nw.mu.Lock()
+	defer nw.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if nw.cancel != nil {
+		nw.cancel()
+		nw.wg.Wait()
+	}
+}

client/internal/networkmonitor/monitor_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package networkmonitor
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"syscall"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
+)
+
+func checkChange(ctx context.Context, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop, callback func()) error {
+	if nexthopv4.Intf == nil && nexthopv6.Intf == nil {
+		return errors.New("no interfaces available")
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(done)
+
+	routeChan := make(chan netlink.RouteUpdate)
+	if err := netlink.RouteSubscribe(routeChan, done); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("subscribe to route updates: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Info("Network monitor: started")
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ErrStopped
+
+		// handle route changes
+		case route := <-routeChan:
+			// default route and main table
+			if route.Dst != nil || route.Table != syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN {
+				continue
+			}
+			switch route.Type {
+			// triggered on added/replaced routes
+			case syscall.RTM_NEWROUTE:
+				log.Infof("Network monitor: default route changed: via %s, interface %d", route.Gw, route.LinkIndex)
+				go callback()
+				return nil
+			case syscall.RTM_DELROUTE:
+				if nexthopv4.Intf != nil && route.Gw.Equal(nexthopv4.IP.AsSlice()) || nexthopv6.Intf != nil && route.Gw.Equal(nexthopv6.IP.AsSlice()) {
+					log.Infof("Network monitor: default route removed: via %s, interface %d", route.Gw, route.LinkIndex)
+					go callback()
+					return nil
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

client/internal/networkmonitor/monitor_mobile.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//go:build ios || android
+
+package networkmonitor
+
+import "context"
+
+func (nw *NetworkMonitor) Start(context.Context, func()) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (nw *NetworkMonitor) Stop() {
+}

client/internal/networkmonitor/monitor_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+package networkmonitor
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
+)
+
+const (
+	unreachable = 0
+	incomplete  = 1
+	probe       = 2
+	delay       = 3
+	stale       = 4
+	reachable   = 5
+	permanent   = 6
+	tbd         = 7
+)
+
+const interval = 10 * time.Second
+
+func checkChange(ctx context.Context, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop, callback func()) error {
+	var neighborv4, neighborv6 *systemops.Neighbor
+	{
+		initialNeighbors, err := getNeighbors()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("get neighbors: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		neighborv4 = assignNeighbor(nexthopv4, initialNeighbors)
+		neighborv6 = assignNeighbor(nexthopv6, initialNeighbors)
+	}
+	log.Debugf("Network monitor: initial IPv4 neighbor: %v, IPv6 neighbor: %v", neighborv4, neighborv6)
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(interval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ErrStopped
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			if changed(nexthopv4, neighborv4, nexthopv6, neighborv6) {
+				go callback()
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func assignNeighbor(nexthop systemops.Nexthop, initialNeighbors map[netip.Addr]systemops.Neighbor) *systemops.Neighbor {
+	if n, ok := initialNeighbors[nexthop.IP]; ok &&
+		n.State != unreachable &&
+		n.State != incomplete &&
+		n.State != tbd {
+		return &n
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func changed(
+	nexthopv4 systemops.Nexthop,
+	neighborv4 *systemops.Neighbor,
+	nexthopv6 systemops.Nexthop,
+	neighborv6 *systemops.Neighbor,
+) bool {
+	neighbors, err := getNeighbors()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("network monitor: error fetching current neighbors: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	if neighborChanged(nexthopv4, neighborv4, neighbors) || neighborChanged(nexthopv6, neighborv6, neighbors) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	routes, err := getRoutes()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("network monitor: error fetching current routes: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if routeChanged(nexthopv4, nexthopv4.Intf, routes) || routeChanged(nexthopv6, nexthopv6.Intf, routes) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// routeChanged checks if the default routes still point to our nexthop/interface
+func routeChanged(nexthop systemops.Nexthop, intf *net.Interface, routes []systemops.Route) bool {
+	if !nexthop.IP.IsValid() {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	unspec := getUnspecifiedPrefix(nexthop.IP)
+	defaultRoutes, foundMatchingRoute := processRoutes(nexthop, intf, routes, unspec)
+
+	log.Tracef("network monitor: all default routes:\n%s", strings.Join(defaultRoutes, "\n"))
+
+	if !foundMatchingRoute {
+		logRouteChange(nexthop.IP, intf)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func getUnspecifiedPrefix(ip netip.Addr) netip.Prefix {
+	if ip.Is6() {
+		return netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)
+	}
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)
+}
+
+func processRoutes(nexthop systemops.Nexthop, intf *net.Interface, routes []systemops.Route, unspec netip.Prefix) ([]string, bool) {
+	var defaultRoutes []string
+	foundMatchingRoute := false
+
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		if r.Destination == unspec {
+			routeInfo := formatRouteInfo(r)
+			defaultRoutes = append(defaultRoutes, routeInfo)
+
+			if r.Nexthop == nexthop.IP && compareIntf(r.Interface, intf) == 0 {
+				foundMatchingRoute = true
+				log.Debugf("network monitor: found matching default route: %s", routeInfo)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return defaultRoutes, foundMatchingRoute
+}
+
+func formatRouteInfo(r systemops.Route) string {
+	newIntf := "<nil>"
+	if r.Interface != nil {
+		newIntf = r.Interface.Name
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("Nexthop: %s, Interface: %s", r.Nexthop, newIntf)
+}
+
+func logRouteChange(ip netip.Addr, intf *net.Interface) {
+	oldIntf := "<nil>"
+	if intf != nil {
+		oldIntf = intf.Name
+	}
+	log.Infof("network monitor: default route for %s (%s) is gone or changed", ip, oldIntf)
+}
+
+func neighborChanged(nexthop systemops.Nexthop, neighbor *systemops.Neighbor, neighbors map[netip.Addr]systemops.Neighbor) bool {
+	if neighbor == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// TODO: consider non-local nexthops, e.g. on point-to-point interfaces
+	if n, ok := neighbors[nexthop.IP]; ok {
+		if n.State == unreachable || n.State == incomplete {
+			log.Infof("network monitor: neighbor %s (%s) is not reachable: %s", neighbor.IPAddress, neighbor.LinkLayerAddress, stateFromInt(n.State))
+			return true
+		} else if n.InterfaceIndex != neighbor.InterfaceIndex {
+			log.Infof(
+				"network monitor: neighbor %s (%s) changed interface from '%s' (%d) to '%s' (%d): %s",
+				neighbor.IPAddress,
+				neighbor.LinkLayerAddress,
+				neighbor.InterfaceAlias,
+				neighbor.InterfaceIndex,
+				n.InterfaceAlias,
+				n.InterfaceIndex,
+				stateFromInt(n.State),
+			)
+			return true
+		}
+	} else {
+		log.Infof("network monitor: neighbor %s (%s) is gone", neighbor.IPAddress, neighbor.LinkLayerAddress)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func getNeighbors() (map[netip.Addr]systemops.Neighbor, error) {
+	entries, err := systemops.GetNeighbors()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get neighbors: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	neighbours := make(map[netip.Addr]systemops.Neighbor, len(entries))
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		neighbours[entry.IPAddress] = entry
+	}
+
+	return neighbours, nil
+}
+
+func getRoutes() ([]systemops.Route, error) {
+	entries, err := systemops.GetRoutes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get routes: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return entries, nil
+}
+
+func stateFromInt(state uint8) string {
+	switch state {
+	case unreachable:
+		return "unreachable"
+	case incomplete:
+		return "incomplete"
+	case probe:
+		return "probe"
+	case delay:
+		return "delay"
+	case stale:
+		return "stale"
+	case reachable:
+		return "reachable"
+	case permanent:
+		return "permanent"
+	case tbd:
+		return "tbd"
+	default:
+		return "unknown"
+	}
+}
+
+func compareIntf(a, b *net.Interface) int {
+	if a == nil && b == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if a == nil {
+		return -1
+	}
+	if b == nil {
+		return 1
+	}
+	return a.Index - b.Index
+}

client/internal/peer/conn.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/wgproxy"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface/bind"
-	signal "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/client"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	sProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/proto"
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
@@ -68,9 +68,6 @@ type ConnConfig struct {
 
 	NATExternalIPs []string
 
-	// UsesBind indicates whether the WireGuard interface is userspace and uses bind.ICEBind
-	UserspaceBind bool
-
 	// RosenpassPubKey is this peer's Rosenpass public key
 	RosenpassPubKey []byte
 	// RosenpassPubKey is this peer's RosenpassAddr server address (IP:port)
@@ -101,9 +98,6 @@ type IceCredentials struct {
 	Pwd   string
 }
 
-type BeforeAddPeerHookFunc func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID, IP net.IP) error
-type AfterRemovePeerHookFunc func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID) error
-
 type Conn struct {
 	config ConnConfig
 	mu     sync.Mutex
@@ -133,30 +127,13 @@ type Conn struct {
 	wgProxyFactory *wgproxy.Factory
 	wgProxy        wgproxy.Proxy
 
-	remoteModeCh chan ModeMessage
-	meta         meta
-
 	adapter        iface.TunAdapter
 	iFaceDiscover  stdnet.ExternalIFaceDiscover
 	sentExtraSrflx bool
 
-	remoteEndpoint *net.UDPAddr
-	remoteConn     *ice.Conn
-
 	connID               nbnet.ConnectionID
-	beforeAddPeerHooks   []BeforeAddPeerHookFunc
+	beforeAddPeerHooks   []nbnet.AddHookFunc
-	afterRemovePeerHooks []AfterRemovePeerHookFunc
+	afterRemovePeerHooks []nbnet.RemoveHookFunc
-}
-
-// meta holds meta information about a connection
-type meta struct {
-	protoSupport signal.FeaturesSupport
-}
-
-// ModeMessage represents a connection mode chosen by the peer
-type ModeMessage struct {
-	// Direct indicates that it decided to use a direct connection
-	Direct bool
 }
 
 // GetConf returns the connection config
@@ -185,7 +162,6 @@ func NewConn(config ConnConfig, statusRecorder *Status, wgProxyFactory *wgproxy.
 		remoteOffersCh: make(chan OfferAnswer),
 		remoteAnswerCh: make(chan OfferAnswer),
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
-		remoteModeCh:   make(chan ModeMessage, 1),
 		wgProxyFactory: wgProxyFactory,
 		adapter:        adapter,
 		iFaceDiscover:  iFaceDiscover,
@@ -276,7 +252,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) candidateTypes() []ice.CandidateType {
 // Open opens connection to the remote peer starting ICE candidate gathering process.
 // Blocks until connection has been closed or connection timeout.
 // ConnStatus will be set accordingly
-func (conn *Conn) Open() error {
+func (conn *Conn) Open(ctx context.Context) error {
 	log.Debugf("trying to connect to peer %s", conn.config.Key)
 
 	peerState := State{
@@ -336,7 +312,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) Open() error {
 	// at this point we received offer/answer and we are ready to gather candidates
 	conn.mu.Lock()
 	conn.status = StatusConnecting
-	conn.ctx, conn.notifyDisconnected = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	conn.ctx, conn.notifyDisconnected = context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	defer conn.notifyDisconnected()
 	conn.mu.Unlock()
 
@@ -353,7 +329,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) Open() error {
 
 	err = conn.agent.GatherCandidates()
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("gather candidates: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	// will block until connection succeeded
@@ -370,14 +346,12 @@ func (conn *Conn) Open() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// dynamically set remote WireGuard port is other side specified a different one from the default one
+	// dynamically set remote WireGuard port if other side specified a different one from the default one
 	remoteWgPort := iface.DefaultWgPort
 	if remoteOfferAnswer.WgListenPort != 0 {
 		remoteWgPort = remoteOfferAnswer.WgListenPort
 	}
 
-	conn.remoteConn = remoteConn
-
 	// the ice connection has been established successfully so we are ready to start the proxy
 	remoteAddr, err := conn.configureConnection(remoteConn, remoteWgPort, remoteOfferAnswer.RosenpassPubKey,
 		remoteOfferAnswer.RosenpassAddr)
@@ -402,11 +376,11 @@ func isRelayCandidate(candidate ice.Candidate) bool {
 	return candidate.Type() == ice.CandidateTypeRelay
 }
 
-func (conn *Conn) AddBeforeAddPeerHook(hook BeforeAddPeerHookFunc) {
+func (conn *Conn) AddBeforeAddPeerHook(hook nbnet.AddHookFunc) {
 	conn.beforeAddPeerHooks = append(conn.beforeAddPeerHooks, hook)
 }
 
-func (conn *Conn) AddAfterRemovePeerHook(hook AfterRemovePeerHookFunc) {
+func (conn *Conn) AddAfterRemovePeerHook(hook nbnet.RemoveHookFunc) {
 	conn.afterRemovePeerHooks = append(conn.afterRemovePeerHooks, hook)
 }
 
@@ -423,7 +397,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) configureConnection(remoteConn net.Conn, remoteWgPort int, rem
 	var endpoint net.Addr
 	if isRelayCandidate(pair.Local) {
 		log.Debugf("setup relay connection")
-		conn.wgProxy = conn.wgProxyFactory.GetProxy()
+		conn.wgProxy = conn.wgProxyFactory.GetProxy(conn.ctx)
 		endpoint, err = conn.wgProxy.AddTurnConn(remoteConn)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -435,7 +409,6 @@ func (conn *Conn) configureConnection(remoteConn net.Conn, remoteWgPort int, rem
 	}
 
 	endpointUdpAddr, _ := net.ResolveUDPAddr(endpoint.Network(), endpoint.String())
-	conn.remoteEndpoint = endpointUdpAddr
 	log.Debugf("Conn resolved IP for %s: %s", endpoint, endpointUdpAddr.IP)
 
 	conn.connID = nbnet.GenerateConnID()
@@ -448,9 +421,11 @@ func (conn *Conn) configureConnection(remoteConn net.Conn, remoteWgPort int, rem
 	err = conn.config.WgConfig.WgInterface.UpdatePeer(conn.config.WgConfig.RemoteKey, conn.config.WgConfig.AllowedIps, defaultWgKeepAlive, endpointUdpAddr, conn.config.WgConfig.PreSharedKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		if conn.wgProxy != nil {
-			_ = conn.wgProxy.CloseConn()
+			if err := conn.wgProxy.CloseConn(); err != nil {
+				log.Warnf("Failed to close turn connection: %v", err)
+			}
 		}
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("update peer: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	conn.status = StatusConnected
@@ -485,6 +460,10 @@ func (conn *Conn) configureConnection(remoteConn net.Conn, remoteWgPort int, rem
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	if runtime.GOOS == "ios" {
+		runtime.GC()
+	}
+
 	if conn.onConnected != nil {
 		conn.onConnected(conn.config.Key, remoteRosenpassPubKey, ipNet.IP.String(), remoteRosenpassAddr)
 	}
@@ -615,40 +594,39 @@ func (conn *Conn) SetSendSignalMessage(handler func(message *sProto.Message) err
 // onICECandidate is a callback attached to an ICE Agent to receive new local connection candidates
 // and then signals them to the remote peer
 func (conn *Conn) onICECandidate(candidate ice.Candidate) {
-	if candidate != nil {
+	// nil means candidate gathering has been ended
-		// TODO: reported port is incorrect for CandidateTypeHost, makes understanding ICE use via logs confusing as port is ignored
+	if candidate == nil {
-		log.Debugf("discovered local candidate %s", candidate.String())
+		return
-		go func() {
-			err := conn.signalCandidate(candidate)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed signaling candidate to the remote peer %s %s", conn.config.Key, err)
-			}
-
-			// sends an extra server reflexive candidate to the remote peer with our related port (usually the wireguard port)
-			// this is useful when network has an existing port forwarding rule for the wireguard port and this peer
-			if !conn.sentExtraSrflx && candidate.Type() == ice.CandidateTypeServerReflexive && candidate.Port() != candidate.RelatedAddress().Port {
-				relatedAdd := candidate.RelatedAddress()
-				extraSrflx, err := ice.NewCandidateServerReflexive(&ice.CandidateServerReflexiveConfig{
-					Network:   candidate.NetworkType().String(),
-					Address:   candidate.Address(),
-					Port:      relatedAdd.Port,
-					Component: candidate.Component(),
-					RelAddr:   relatedAdd.Address,
-					RelPort:   relatedAdd.Port,
-				})
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Errorf("failed creating extra server reflexive candidate %s", err)
-					return
-				}
-				err = conn.signalCandidate(extraSrflx)
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Errorf("failed signaling the extra server reflexive candidate to the remote peer %s: %s", conn.config.Key, err)
-					return
-				}
-				conn.sentExtraSrflx = true
-			}
-		}()
 	}
+
+	// TODO: reported port is incorrect for CandidateTypeHost, makes understanding ICE use via logs confusing as port is ignored
+	log.Debugf("discovered local candidate %s", candidate.String())
+	go func() {
+		err := conn.signalCandidate(candidate)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed signaling candidate to the remote peer %s %s", conn.config.Key, err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if !conn.shouldSendExtraSrflxCandidate(candidate) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// sends an extra server reflexive candidate to the remote peer with our related port (usually the wireguard port)
+	// this is useful when network has an existing port forwarding rule for the wireguard port and this peer
+	extraSrflx, err := extraSrflxCandidate(candidate)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed creating extra server reflexive candidate %s", err)
+		return
+	}
+	conn.sentExtraSrflx = true
+
+	go func() {
+		err = conn.signalCandidate(extraSrflx)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed signaling the extra server reflexive candidate to the remote peer %s: %s", conn.config.Key, err)
+		}
+	}()
 }
 
 func (conn *Conn) onICESelectedCandidatePair(c1 ice.Candidate, c2 ice.Candidate) {
@@ -730,7 +708,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) Close() error {
 		// before conn.Open() another update from management arrives with peers: [1,2,3,4,5]
 		// engine adds a new Conn for 4 and 5
 		// therefore peer 4 has 2 Conn objects
-		log.Warnf("connection has been already closed or attempted closing not started coonection %s", conn.config.Key)
+		log.Warnf("Connection has been already closed or attempted closing not started connection %s", conn.config.Key)
 		return NewConnectionAlreadyClosed(conn.config.Key)
 	}
 }
@@ -773,7 +751,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) OnRemoteAnswer(answer OfferAnswer) bool {
 }
 
 // OnRemoteCandidate Handles ICE connection Candidate provided by the remote peer.
-func (conn *Conn) OnRemoteCandidate(candidate ice.Candidate) {
+func (conn *Conn) OnRemoteCandidate(candidate ice.Candidate, haRoutes route.HAMap) {
 	log.Debugf("OnRemoteCandidate from peer %s -> %s", conn.config.Key, candidate.String())
 	go func() {
 		conn.mu.Lock()
@@ -795,8 +773,21 @@ func (conn *Conn) GetKey() string {
 	return conn.config.Key
 }
 
-// RegisterProtoSupportMeta register supported proto message in the connection metadata
+func (conn *Conn) shouldSendExtraSrflxCandidate(candidate ice.Candidate) bool {
-func (conn *Conn) RegisterProtoSupportMeta(support []uint32) {
+	if !conn.sentExtraSrflx && candidate.Type() == ice.CandidateTypeServerReflexive && candidate.Port() != candidate.RelatedAddress().Port {
-	protoSupport := signal.ParseFeaturesSupported(support)
+		return true
-	conn.meta.protoSupport = protoSupport
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func extraSrflxCandidate(candidate ice.Candidate) (*ice.CandidateServerReflexive, error) {
+	relatedAdd := candidate.RelatedAddress()
+	return ice.NewCandidateServerReflexive(&ice.CandidateServerReflexiveConfig{
+		Network:   candidate.NetworkType().String(),
+		Address:   candidate.Address(),
+		Port:      relatedAdd.Port,
+		Component: candidate.Component(),
+		RelAddr:   relatedAdd.Address,
+		RelPort:   relatedAdd.Port,
+	})
 }

client/internal/peer/conn_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package peer
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ func TestNewConn_interfaceFilter(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConn_GetKey(t *testing.T) {
-	wgProxyFactory := wgproxy.NewFactory(connConf.LocalWgPort)
+	wgProxyFactory := wgproxy.NewFactory(context.Background(), false, connConf.LocalWgPort)
 	defer func() {
 		_ = wgProxyFactory.Free()
 	}()
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ func TestConn_GetKey(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConn_OnRemoteOffer(t *testing.T) {
-	wgProxyFactory := wgproxy.NewFactory(connConf.LocalWgPort)
+	wgProxyFactory := wgproxy.NewFactory(context.Background(), false, connConf.LocalWgPort)
 	defer func() {
 		_ = wgProxyFactory.Free()
 	}()
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ func TestConn_OnRemoteOffer(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConn_OnRemoteAnswer(t *testing.T) {
-	wgProxyFactory := wgproxy.NewFactory(connConf.LocalWgPort)
+	wgProxyFactory := wgproxy.NewFactory(context.Background(), false, connConf.LocalWgPort)
 	defer func() {
 		_ = wgProxyFactory.Free()
 	}()
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ func TestConn_OnRemoteAnswer(t *testing.T) {
 	wg.Wait()
 }
 func TestConn_Status(t *testing.T) {
-	wgProxyFactory := wgproxy.NewFactory(connConf.LocalWgPort)
+	wgProxyFactory := wgproxy.NewFactory(context.Background(), false, connConf.LocalWgPort)
 	defer func() {
 		_ = wgProxyFactory.Free()
 	}()
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ func TestConn_Status(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConn_Close(t *testing.T) {
-	wgProxyFactory := wgproxy.NewFactory(connConf.LocalWgPort)
+	wgProxyFactory := wgproxy.NewFactory(context.Background(), false, connConf.LocalWgPort)
 	defer func() {
 		_ = wgProxyFactory.Free()
 	}()

client/internal/peer/status.go

@@ -2,14 +2,17 @@ package peer
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/relay"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
 )
 
 // State contains the latest state of a peer
@@ -37,25 +40,25 @@ type State struct {
 // AddRoute add a single route to routes map
 func (s *State) AddRoute(network string) {
 	s.Mux.Lock()
+	defer s.Mux.Unlock()
 	if s.routes == nil {
 		s.routes = make(map[string]struct{})
 	}
 	s.routes[network] = struct{}{}
-	s.Mux.Unlock()
 }
 
 // SetRoutes set state routes
 func (s *State) SetRoutes(routes map[string]struct{}) {
 	s.Mux.Lock()
+	defer s.Mux.Unlock()
 	s.routes = routes
-	s.Mux.Unlock()
 }
 
 // DeleteRoute removes a route from the network amp
 func (s *State) DeleteRoute(network string) {
 	s.Mux.Lock()
+	defer s.Mux.Unlock()
 	delete(s.routes, network)
-	s.Mux.Unlock()
 }
 
 // GetRoutes return routes map
@@ -117,22 +120,23 @@ type FullStatus struct {
 
 // Status holds a state of peers, signal, management connections and relays
 type Status struct {
-	mux                 sync.Mutex
+	mux                   sync.Mutex
-	peers               map[string]State
+	peers                 map[string]State
-	changeNotify        map[string]chan struct{}
+	changeNotify          map[string]chan struct{}
-	signalState         bool
+	signalState           bool
-	signalError         error
+	signalError           error
-	managementState     bool
+	managementState       bool
-	managementError     error
+	managementError       error
-	relayStates         []relay.ProbeResult
+	relayStates           []relay.ProbeResult
-	localPeer           LocalPeerState
+	localPeer             LocalPeerState
-	offlinePeers        []State
+	offlinePeers          []State
-	mgmAddress          string
+	mgmAddress            string
-	signalAddress       string
+	signalAddress         string
-	notifier            *notifier
+	notifier              *notifier
-	rosenpassEnabled    bool
+	rosenpassEnabled      bool
-	rosenpassPermissive bool
+	rosenpassPermissive   bool
-	nsGroupStates       []NSGroupState
+	nsGroupStates         []NSGroupState
+	resolvedDomainsStates map[domain.Domain][]netip.Prefix
 
 	// To reduce the number of notification invocation this bool will be true when need to call the notification
 	// Some Peer actions mostly used by in a batch when the network map has been synchronized. In these type of events
@@ -143,11 +147,12 @@ type Status struct {
 // NewRecorder returns a new Status instance
 func NewRecorder(mgmAddress string) *Status {
 	return &Status{
-		peers:        make(map[string]State),
+		peers:                 make(map[string]State),
-		changeNotify: make(map[string]chan struct{}),
+		changeNotify:          make(map[string]chan struct{}),
-		offlinePeers: make([]State, 0),
+		offlinePeers:          make([]State, 0),
-		notifier:     newNotifier(),
+		notifier:              newNotifier(),
-		mgmAddress:   mgmAddress,
+		mgmAddress:            mgmAddress,
+		resolvedDomainsStates: make(map[domain.Domain][]netip.Prefix),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +193,7 @@ func (d *Status) GetPeer(peerPubKey string) (State, error) {
 
 	state, ok := d.peers[peerPubKey]
 	if !ok {
-		return State{}, errors.New("peer not found")
+		return State{}, iface.ErrPeerNotFound
 	}
 	return state, nil
 }
@@ -429,6 +434,18 @@ func (d *Status) UpdateDNSStates(dnsStates []NSGroupState) {
 	d.nsGroupStates = dnsStates
 }
 
+func (d *Status) UpdateResolvedDomainsStates(domain domain.Domain, prefixes []netip.Prefix) {
+	d.mux.Lock()
+	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.resolvedDomainsStates[domain] = prefixes
+}
+
+func (d *Status) DeleteResolvedDomainsStates(domain domain.Domain) {
+	d.mux.Lock()
+	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	delete(d.resolvedDomainsStates, domain)
+}
+
 func (d *Status) GetRosenpassState() RosenpassState {
 	return RosenpassState{
 		d.rosenpassEnabled,
@@ -493,6 +510,12 @@ func (d *Status) GetDNSStates() []NSGroupState {
 	return d.nsGroupStates
 }
 
+func (d *Status) GetResolvedDomainsStates() map[domain.Domain][]netip.Prefix {
+	d.mux.Lock()
+	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	return maps.Clone(d.resolvedDomainsStates)
+}
+
 // GetFullStatus gets full status
 func (d *Status) GetFullStatus() FullStatus {
 	d.mux.Lock()

client/internal/relay/relay.go

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ func ProbeAll(
 
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	for i, uri := range relays {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 1*time.Second)
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 2*time.Second)
 		defer cancel()
 
 		wg.Add(1)

client/internal/routemanager/client.go

@@ -3,18 +3,20 @@ package routemanager
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/static"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
 
-const minRangeBits = 7
-
 type routerPeerStatus struct {
 	connected bool
 	relayed   bool
@@ -27,39 +29,48 @@ type routesUpdate struct {
 	routes       []*route.Route
 }
 
+// RouteHandler defines the interface for handling routes
+type RouteHandler interface {
+	String() string
+	AddRoute(ctx context.Context) error
+	RemoveRoute() error
+	AddAllowedIPs(peerKey string) error
+	RemoveAllowedIPs() error
+}
+
 type clientNetwork struct {
 	ctx                 context.Context
-	stop                context.CancelFunc
+	cancel              context.CancelFunc
 	statusRecorder      *peer.Status
 	wgInterface         *iface.WGIface
-	routes              map[string]*route.Route
+	routes              map[route.ID]*route.Route
 	routeUpdate         chan routesUpdate
 	peerStateUpdate     chan struct{}
 	routePeersNotifiers map[string]chan struct{}
-	chosenRoute         *route.Route
+	currentChosen       *route.Route
-	network             netip.Prefix
+	handler             RouteHandler
 	updateSerial        uint64
 }
 
-func newClientNetworkWatcher(ctx context.Context, wgInterface *iface.WGIface, statusRecorder *peer.Status, network netip.Prefix) *clientNetwork {
+func newClientNetworkWatcher(ctx context.Context, dnsRouteInterval time.Duration, wgInterface *iface.WGIface, statusRecorder *peer.Status, rt *route.Route, routeRefCounter *refcounter.RouteRefCounter, allowedIPsRefCounter *refcounter.AllowedIPsRefCounter) *clientNetwork {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 
 	client := &clientNetwork{
 		ctx:                 ctx,
-		stop:                cancel,
+		cancel:              cancel,
 		statusRecorder:      statusRecorder,
 		wgInterface:         wgInterface,
-		routes:              make(map[string]*route.Route),
+		routes:              make(map[route.ID]*route.Route),
 		routePeersNotifiers: make(map[string]chan struct{}),
 		routeUpdate:         make(chan routesUpdate),
 		peerStateUpdate:     make(chan struct{}),
-		network:             network,
+		handler:             handlerFromRoute(rt, routeRefCounter, allowedIPsRefCounter, dnsRouteInterval, statusRecorder),
 	}
 	return client
 }
 
-func (c *clientNetwork) getRouterPeerStatuses() map[string]routerPeerStatus {
+func (c *clientNetwork) getRouterPeerStatuses() map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus {
-	routePeerStatuses := make(map[string]routerPeerStatus)
+	routePeerStatuses := make(map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus)
 	for _, r := range c.routes {
 		peerStatus, err := c.statusRecorder.GetPeer(r.Peer)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -85,18 +96,18 @@ func (c *clientNetwork) getRouterPeerStatuses() map[string]routerPeerStatus {
 // * Metric: Routes with lower metrics (better) are prioritized.
 // * Non-relayed: Routes without relays are preferred.
 // * Direct connections: Routes with direct peer connections are favored.
-// * Stability: In case of equal scores, the currently active route (if any) is maintained.
 // * Latency: Routes with lower latency are prioritized.
+// * Stability: In case of equal scores, the currently active route (if any) is maintained.
 //
 // It returns the ID of the selected optimal route.
-func (c *clientNetwork) getBestRouteFromStatuses(routePeerStatuses map[string]routerPeerStatus) string {
+func (c *clientNetwork) getBestRouteFromStatuses(routePeerStatuses map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus) route.ID {
-	chosen := ""
+	chosen := route.ID("")
 	chosenScore := float64(0)
 	currScore := float64(0)
 
-	currID := ""
+	currID := route.ID("")
-	if c.chosenRoute != nil {
+	if c.currentChosen != nil {
-		currID = c.chosenRoute.ID
+		currID = c.currentChosen.ID
 	}
 
 	for _, r := range c.routes {
@@ -150,13 +161,18 @@ func (c *clientNetwork) getBestRouteFromStatuses(routePeerStatuses map[string]ro
 			peers = append(peers, r.Peer)
 		}
 
-		log.Warnf("the network %s has not been assigned a routing peer as no peers from the list %s are currently connected", c.network, peers)
+		log.Warnf("The network [%v] has not been assigned a routing peer as no peers from the list %s are currently connected", c.handler, peers)
 	case chosen != currID:
-		if currScore != 0 && currScore < chosenScore+0.1 {
+		// we compare the current score + 10ms to the chosen score to avoid flapping between routes
+		if currScore != 0 && currScore+0.01 > chosenScore {
+			log.Debugf("Keeping current routing peer because the score difference with latency is less than 0.01(10ms), current: %f, new: %f", currScore, chosenScore)
 			return currID
-		} else {
-			log.Infof("new chosen route is %s with peer %s with score %f for network %s", chosen, c.routes[chosen].Peer, chosenScore, c.network)
 		}
+		var p string
+		if rt := c.routes[chosen]; rt != nil {
+			p = rt.Peer
+		}
+		log.Infof("New chosen route is %s with peer %s with score %f for network [%v]", chosen, p, chosenScore, c.handler)
 	}
 
 	return chosen
@@ -190,98 +206,103 @@ func (c *clientNetwork) startPeersStatusChangeWatcher() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *clientNetwork) removeRouteFromWireguardPeer(peerKey string) error {
+func (c *clientNetwork) removeRouteFromWireguardPeer() error {
-	state, err := c.statusRecorder.GetPeer(peerKey)
+	c.removeStateRoute()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get peer state: %v", err)
-	}
 
-	state.DeleteRoute(c.network.String())
+	if err := c.handler.RemoveAllowedIPs(); err != nil {
-	if err := c.statusRecorder.UpdatePeerState(state); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IPs: %w", err)
-		log.Warnf("Failed to update peer state: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if state.ConnStatus != peer.StatusConnected {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	err = c.wgInterface.RemoveAllowedIP(peerKey, c.network.String())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IP %s removed for peer %s, err: %v",
-			c.network, c.chosenRoute.Peer, err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (c *clientNetwork) removeRouteFromPeerAndSystem() error {
-	if c.chosenRoute != nil {
+	if c.currentChosen == nil {
-		if err := removeVPNRoute(c.network, c.wgInterface.Name()); err != nil {
+		return nil
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove route %s from system, err: %v", c.network, err)
-		}
-
-		if err := c.removeRouteFromWireguardPeer(c.chosenRoute.Peer); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove route: %v", err)
-		}
 	}
-	return nil
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	if err := c.removeRouteFromWireguardPeer(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IPs for peer %s: %w", c.currentChosen.Peer, err))
+	}
+	if err := c.handler.RemoveRoute(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove route: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
 func (c *clientNetwork) recalculateRouteAndUpdatePeerAndSystem() error {
 	routerPeerStatuses := c.getRouterPeerStatuses()
 
-	chosen := c.getBestRouteFromStatuses(routerPeerStatuses)
+	newChosenID := c.getBestRouteFromStatuses(routerPeerStatuses)
 
 	// If no route is chosen, remove the route from the peer and system
-	if chosen == "" {
+	if newChosenID == "" {
 		if err := c.removeRouteFromPeerAndSystem(); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove route from peer and system: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove route for peer %s: %w", c.currentChosen.Peer, err)
 		}
 
-		c.chosenRoute = nil
+		c.currentChosen = nil
 
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	// If the chosen route is the same as the current route, do nothing
-	if c.chosenRoute != nil && c.chosenRoute.ID == chosen {
+	if c.currentChosen != nil && c.currentChosen.ID == newChosenID &&
-		if c.chosenRoute.IsEqual(c.routes[chosen]) {
+		c.currentChosen.IsEqual(c.routes[newChosenID]) {
-			return nil
+		return nil
-		}
 	}
 
-	if c.chosenRoute != nil {
+	if c.currentChosen == nil {
-		// If a previous route exists, remove it from the peer
+		// If they were not previously assigned to another peer, add routes to the system first
-		if err := c.removeRouteFromWireguardPeer(c.chosenRoute.Peer); err != nil {
+		if err := c.handler.AddRoute(c.ctx); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove route from peer: %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("add route: %w", err)
 		}
 	} else {
-		// otherwise add the route to the system
+		// Otherwise, remove the allowed IPs from the previous peer first
-		if err := addVPNRoute(c.network, c.wgInterface.Name()); err != nil {
+		if err := c.removeRouteFromWireguardPeer(); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("route %s couldn't be added for peer %s, err: %v",
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IPs for peer %s: %w", c.currentChosen.Peer, err)
-				c.network.String(), c.wgInterface.Address().IP.String(), err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	c.chosenRoute = c.routes[chosen]
+	c.currentChosen = c.routes[newChosenID]
 
-	state, err := c.statusRecorder.GetPeer(c.chosenRoute.Peer)
+	if err := c.handler.AddAllowedIPs(c.currentChosen.Peer); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add allowed IPs for peer %s: %w", c.currentChosen.Peer, err)
-		log.Errorf("Failed to get peer state: %v", err)
-	} else {
-		state.AddRoute(c.network.String())
-		if err := c.statusRecorder.UpdatePeerState(state); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("Failed to update peer state: %v", err)
-		}
 	}
 
-	if err := c.wgInterface.AddAllowedIP(c.chosenRoute.Peer, c.network.String()); err != nil {
+	c.addStateRoute()
-		log.Errorf("couldn't add allowed IP %s added for peer %s, err: %v",
-			c.network, c.chosenRoute.Peer, err)
-	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (c *clientNetwork) addStateRoute() {
+	state, err := c.statusRecorder.GetPeer(c.currentChosen.Peer)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to get peer state: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	state.AddRoute(c.handler.String())
+	if err := c.statusRecorder.UpdatePeerState(state); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Failed to update peer state: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *clientNetwork) removeStateRoute() {
+	state, err := c.statusRecorder.GetPeer(c.currentChosen.Peer)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to get peer state: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	state.DeleteRoute(c.handler.String())
+	if err := c.statusRecorder.UpdatePeerState(state); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Failed to update peer state: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func (c *clientNetwork) sendUpdateToClientNetworkWatcher(update routesUpdate) {
 	go func() {
 		c.routeUpdate <- update
@@ -289,7 +310,7 @@ func (c *clientNetwork) sendUpdateToClientNetworkWatcher(update routesUpdate) {
 }
 
 func (c *clientNetwork) handleUpdate(update routesUpdate) {
-	updateMap := make(map[string]*route.Route)
+	updateMap := make(map[route.ID]*route.Route)
 
 	for _, r := range update.routes {
 		updateMap[r.ID] = r
@@ -312,24 +333,23 @@ func (c *clientNetwork) peersStateAndUpdateWatcher() {
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-c.ctx.Done():
-			log.Debugf("stopping watcher for network %s", c.network)
+			log.Debugf("Stopping watcher for network [%v]", c.handler)
-			err := c.removeRouteFromPeerAndSystem()
+			if err := c.removeRouteFromPeerAndSystem(); err != nil {
-			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Failed to remove routes for [%v]: %v", c.handler, err)
-				log.Errorf("Couldn't remove route from peer and system for network %s: %v", c.network, err)
 			}
 			return
 		case <-c.peerStateUpdate:
 			err := c.recalculateRouteAndUpdatePeerAndSystem()
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("Couldn't recalculate route and update peer and system: %v", err)
+				log.Errorf("Failed to recalculate routes for network [%v]: %v", c.handler, err)
 			}
 		case update := <-c.routeUpdate:
 			if update.updateSerial < c.updateSerial {
-				log.Warnf("Received a routes update with smaller serial number, ignoring it")
+				log.Warnf("Received a routes update with smaller serial number (%d -> %d), ignoring it", c.updateSerial, update.updateSerial)
 				continue
 			}
 
-			log.Debugf("Received a new client network route update for %s", c.network)
+			log.Debugf("Received a new client network route update for [%v]", c.handler)
 
 			c.handleUpdate(update)
 
@@ -337,10 +357,17 @@ func (c *clientNetwork) peersStateAndUpdateWatcher() {
 
 			err := c.recalculateRouteAndUpdatePeerAndSystem()
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("Couldn't recalculate route and update peer and system for network %s: %v", c.network, err)
+				log.Errorf("Failed to recalculate routes for network [%v]: %v", c.handler, err)
 			}
 
 			c.startPeersStatusChangeWatcher()
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func handlerFromRoute(rt *route.Route, routeRefCounter *refcounter.RouteRefCounter, allowedIPsRefCounter *refcounter.AllowedIPsRefCounter, dnsRouterInteval time.Duration, statusRecorder *peer.Status) RouteHandler {
+	if rt.IsDynamic() {
+		return dynamic.NewRoute(rt, routeRefCounter, allowedIPsRefCounter, dnsRouterInteval, statusRecorder)
+	}
+	return static.NewRoute(rt, routeRefCounter, allowedIPsRefCounter)
+}

client/internal/routemanager/client_test.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/static"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
 
@@ -12,21 +13,21 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name            string
-		statuses        map[string]routerPeerStatus
+		statuses        map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus
-		expectedRouteID string
+		expectedRouteID route.ID
-		currentRoute    string
+		currentRoute    route.ID
-		existingRoutes  map[string]*route.Route
+		existingRoutes  map[route.ID]*route.Route
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "one route",
-			statuses: map[string]routerPeerStatus{
+			statuses: map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus{
 				"route1": {
 					connected: true,
 					relayed:   false,
 					direct:    true,
 				},
 			},
-			existingRoutes: map[string]*route.Route{
+			existingRoutes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
 				"route1": {
 					ID:     "route1",
 					Metric: route.MaxMetric,
@@ -38,14 +39,14 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "one connected routes with relayed and direct",
-			statuses: map[string]routerPeerStatus{
+			statuses: map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus{
 				"route1": {
 					connected: true,
 					relayed:   true,
 					direct:    true,
 				},
 			},
-			existingRoutes: map[string]*route.Route{
+			existingRoutes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
 				"route1": {
 					ID:     "route1",
 					Metric: route.MaxMetric,
@@ -57,14 +58,14 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "one connected routes with relayed and no direct",
-			statuses: map[string]routerPeerStatus{
+			statuses: map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus{
 				"route1": {
 					connected: true,
 					relayed:   true,
 					direct:    false,
 				},
 			},
-			existingRoutes: map[string]*route.Route{
+			existingRoutes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
 				"route1": {
 					ID:     "route1",
 					Metric: route.MaxMetric,
@@ -76,14 +77,14 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "no connected peers",
-			statuses: map[string]routerPeerStatus{
+			statuses: map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus{
 				"route1": {
 					connected: false,
 					relayed:   false,
 					direct:    false,
 				},
 			},
-			existingRoutes: map[string]*route.Route{
+			existingRoutes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
 				"route1": {
 					ID:     "route1",
 					Metric: route.MaxMetric,
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "multiple connected peers with different metrics",
-			statuses: map[string]routerPeerStatus{
+			statuses: map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus{
 				"route1": {
 					connected: true,
 					relayed:   false,
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 					direct:    true,
 				},
 			},
-			existingRoutes: map[string]*route.Route{
+			existingRoutes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
 				"route1": {
 					ID:     "route1",
 					Metric: 9000,
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "multiple connected peers with one relayed",
-			statuses: map[string]routerPeerStatus{
+			statuses: map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus{
 				"route1": {
 					connected: true,
 					relayed:   false,
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 					direct:    true,
 				},
 			},
-			existingRoutes: map[string]*route.Route{
+			existingRoutes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
 				"route1": {
 					ID:     "route1",
 					Metric: route.MaxMetric,
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "multiple connected peers with one direct",
-			statuses: map[string]routerPeerStatus{
+			statuses: map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus{
 				"route1": {
 					connected: true,
 					relayed:   false,
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 					direct:    false,
 				},
 			},
-			existingRoutes: map[string]*route.Route{
+			existingRoutes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
 				"route1": {
 					ID:     "route1",
 					Metric: route.MaxMetric,
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "multiple connected peers with different latencies",
-			statuses: map[string]routerPeerStatus{
+			statuses: map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus{
 				"route1": {
 					connected: true,
 					latency:   300 * time.Millisecond,
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 					latency:   10 * time.Millisecond,
 				},
 			},
-			existingRoutes: map[string]*route.Route{
+			existingRoutes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
 				"route1": {
 					ID:     "route1",
 					Metric: route.MaxMetric,
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "should ignore routes with latency 0",
-			statuses: map[string]routerPeerStatus{
+			statuses: map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus{
 				"route1": {
 					connected: true,
 					latency:   0 * time.Millisecond,
@@ -219,7 +220,7 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 					latency:   10 * time.Millisecond,
 				},
 			},
-			existingRoutes: map[string]*route.Route{
+			existingRoutes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
 				"route1": {
 					ID:     "route1",
 					Metric: route.MaxMetric,
@@ -236,12 +237,12 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "current route with similar score and similar but slightly worse latency should not change",
-			statuses: map[string]routerPeerStatus{
+			statuses: map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus{
 				"route1": {
 					connected: true,
 					relayed:   false,
 					direct:    true,
-					latency:   12 * time.Millisecond,
+					latency:   15 * time.Millisecond,
 				},
 				"route2": {
 					connected: true,
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 					latency:   10 * time.Millisecond,
 				},
 			},
-			existingRoutes: map[string]*route.Route{
+			existingRoutes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
 				"route1": {
 					ID:     "route1",
 					Metric: route.MaxMetric,
@@ -265,9 +266,40 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 			currentRoute:    "route1",
 			expectedRouteID: "route1",
 		},
+		{
+			name: "current route with bad score should be changed to route with better score",
+			statuses: map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus{
+				"route1": {
+					connected: true,
+					relayed:   false,
+					direct:    true,
+					latency:   200 * time.Millisecond,
+				},
+				"route2": {
+					connected: true,
+					relayed:   false,
+					direct:    true,
+					latency:   10 * time.Millisecond,
+				},
+			},
+			existingRoutes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
+				"route1": {
+					ID:     "route1",
+					Metric: route.MaxMetric,
+					Peer:   "peer1",
+				},
+				"route2": {
+					ID:     "route2",
+					Metric: route.MaxMetric,
+					Peer:   "peer2",
+				},
+			},
+			currentRoute:    "route1",
+			expectedRouteID: "route2",
+		},
 		{
 			name: "current chosen route doesn't exist anymore",
-			statuses: map[string]routerPeerStatus{
+			statuses: map[route.ID]routerPeerStatus{
 				"route1": {
 					connected: true,
 					relayed:   false,
@@ -281,7 +313,7 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 					latency:   10 * time.Millisecond,
 				},
 			},
-			existingRoutes: map[string]*route.Route{
+			existingRoutes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
 				"route1": {
 					ID:     "route1",
 					Metric: route.MaxMetric,
@@ -309,9 +341,9 @@ func TestGetBestrouteFromStatuses(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// create new clientNetwork
 			client := &clientNetwork{
-				network:     netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/24"),
+				handler:       static.NewRoute(&route.Route{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/24")}, nil, nil),
-				routes:      tc.existingRoutes,
+				routes:        tc.existingRoutes,
-				chosenRoute: currentRoute,
+				currentChosen: currentRoute,
 			}
 
 			chosenRoute := client.getBestRouteFromStatuses(tc.statuses)

client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route.go

@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+package dynamic
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/util"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+const (
+	DefaultInterval = time.Minute
+
+	minInterval     = 2 * time.Second
+	failureInterval = 5 * time.Second
+
+	addAllowedIP = "add allowed IP %s: %w"
+)
+
+type domainMap map[domain.Domain][]netip.Prefix
+
+type resolveResult struct {
+	domain domain.Domain
+	prefix netip.Prefix
+	err    error
+}
+
+type Route struct {
+	route                *route.Route
+	routeRefCounter      *refcounter.RouteRefCounter
+	allowedIPsRefcounter *refcounter.AllowedIPsRefCounter
+	interval             time.Duration
+	dynamicDomains       domainMap
+	mu                   sync.Mutex
+	currentPeerKey       string
+	cancel               context.CancelFunc
+	statusRecorder       *peer.Status
+}
+
+func NewRoute(
+	rt *route.Route,
+	routeRefCounter *refcounter.RouteRefCounter,
+	allowedIPsRefCounter *refcounter.AllowedIPsRefCounter,
+	interval time.Duration,
+	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
+) *Route {
+	return &Route{
+		route:                rt,
+		routeRefCounter:      routeRefCounter,
+		allowedIPsRefcounter: allowedIPsRefCounter,
+		interval:             interval,
+		dynamicDomains:       domainMap{},
+		statusRecorder:       statusRecorder,
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *Route) String() string {
+	s, err := r.route.Domains.String()
+	if err != nil {
+		return r.route.Domains.PunycodeString()
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func (r *Route) AddRoute(ctx context.Context) error {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if r.cancel != nil {
+		r.cancel()
+	}
+
+	ctx, r.cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+
+	go r.startResolver(ctx)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveRoute will stop the dynamic resolver and remove all dynamic routes.
+// It doesn't touch allowed IPs, these should be removed separately and before calling this method.
+func (r *Route) RemoveRoute() error {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if r.cancel != nil {
+		r.cancel()
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for domain, prefixes := range r.dynamicDomains {
+		for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+			if _, err := r.routeRefCounter.Decrement(prefix); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove dynamic route for IP %s: %w", prefix, err))
+			}
+		}
+		log.Debugf("Removed dynamic route(s) for [%s]: %s", domain.SafeString(), strings.ReplaceAll(fmt.Sprintf("%s", prefixes), " ", ", "))
+
+		r.statusRecorder.DeleteResolvedDomainsStates(domain)
+	}
+
+	r.dynamicDomains = domainMap{}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *Route) AddAllowedIPs(peerKey string) error {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for domain, domainPrefixes := range r.dynamicDomains {
+		for _, prefix := range domainPrefixes {
+			if err := r.incrementAllowedIP(domain, prefix, peerKey); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf(addAllowedIP, prefix, err))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	r.currentPeerKey = peerKey
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *Route) RemoveAllowedIPs() error {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, domainPrefixes := range r.dynamicDomains {
+		for _, prefix := range domainPrefixes {
+			if _, err := r.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(prefix); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IP %s: %w", prefix, err))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	r.currentPeerKey = ""
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *Route) startResolver(ctx context.Context) {
+	log.Debugf("Starting dynamic route resolver for domains [%v]", r)
+
+	interval := r.interval
+	if interval < minInterval {
+		interval = minInterval
+		log.Warnf("Dynamic route resolver interval %s is too low, setting to minimum value %s", r.interval, minInterval)
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(interval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	if err := r.update(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to resolve domains for route [%v]: %v", r, err)
+		if interval > failureInterval {
+			ticker.Reset(failureInterval)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Debugf("Stopping dynamic route resolver for domains [%v]", r)
+			return
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			if err := r.update(ctx); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Failed to resolve domains for route [%v]: %v", r, err)
+				// Use a lower ticker interval if the update fails
+				if interval > failureInterval {
+					ticker.Reset(failureInterval)
+				}
+			} else if interval > failureInterval {
+				// Reset to the original interval if the update succeeds
+				ticker.Reset(interval)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *Route) update(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if resolved, err := r.resolveDomains(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("resolve domains: %w", err)
+	} else if err := r.updateDynamicRoutes(ctx, resolved); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update dynamic routes: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *Route) resolveDomains() (domainMap, error) {
+	results := make(chan resolveResult)
+	go r.resolve(results)
+
+	resolved := domainMap{}
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	for result := range results {
+		if result.err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, result.err)
+		} else {
+			resolved[result.domain] = append(resolved[result.domain], result.prefix)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return resolved, nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *Route) resolve(results chan resolveResult) {
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	for _, d := range r.route.Domains {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(domain domain.Domain) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			ips, err := net.LookupIP(string(domain))
+			if err != nil {
+				results <- resolveResult{domain: domain, err: fmt.Errorf("resolve d %s: %w", domain.SafeString(), err)}
+				return
+			}
+			for _, ip := range ips {
+				prefix, err := util.GetPrefixFromIP(ip)
+				if err != nil {
+					results <- resolveResult{domain: domain, err: fmt.Errorf("get prefix from IP %s: %w", ip.String(), err)}
+					return
+				}
+				results <- resolveResult{domain: domain, prefix: prefix}
+			}
+		}(d)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+	close(results)
+}
+
+func (r *Route) updateDynamicRoutes(ctx context.Context, newDomains domainMap) error {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if ctx.Err() != nil {
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	for domain, newPrefixes := range newDomains {
+		oldPrefixes := r.dynamicDomains[domain]
+		toAdd, toRemove := determinePrefixChanges(oldPrefixes, newPrefixes)
+
+		addedPrefixes, err := r.addRoutes(domain, toAdd)
+		if err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+		} else if len(addedPrefixes) > 0 {
+			log.Debugf("Added dynamic route(s) for [%s]: %s", domain.SafeString(), strings.ReplaceAll(fmt.Sprintf("%s", addedPrefixes), " ", ", "))
+		}
+
+		removedPrefixes, err := r.removeRoutes(toRemove)
+		if err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+		} else if len(removedPrefixes) > 0 {
+			log.Debugf("Removed dynamic route(s) for [%s]: %s", domain.SafeString(), strings.ReplaceAll(fmt.Sprintf("%s", removedPrefixes), " ", ", "))
+		}
+
+		updatedPrefixes := combinePrefixes(oldPrefixes, removedPrefixes, addedPrefixes)
+		r.dynamicDomains[domain] = updatedPrefixes
+
+		r.statusRecorder.UpdateResolvedDomainsStates(domain, updatedPrefixes)
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *Route) addRoutes(domain domain.Domain, prefixes []netip.Prefix) ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
+	var addedPrefixes []netip.Prefix
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+		if _, err := r.routeRefCounter.Increment(prefix, nil); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add dynamic route for IP %s: %w", prefix, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		if r.currentPeerKey != "" {
+			if err := r.incrementAllowedIP(domain, prefix, r.currentPeerKey); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf(addAllowedIP, prefix, err))
+			}
+		}
+		addedPrefixes = append(addedPrefixes, prefix)
+	}
+
+	return addedPrefixes, merr.ErrorOrNil()
+}
+
+func (r *Route) removeRoutes(prefixes []netip.Prefix) ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
+	if r.route.KeepRoute {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var removedPrefixes []netip.Prefix
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+		if _, err := r.routeRefCounter.Decrement(prefix); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove dynamic route for IP %s: %w", prefix, err))
+		}
+		if r.currentPeerKey != "" {
+			if _, err := r.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(prefix); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IP %s: %w", prefix, err))
+			}
+		}
+		removedPrefixes = append(removedPrefixes, prefix)
+	}
+
+	return removedPrefixes, merr.ErrorOrNil()
+}
+
+func (r *Route) incrementAllowedIP(domain domain.Domain, prefix netip.Prefix, peerKey string) error {
+	if ref, err := r.allowedIPsRefcounter.Increment(prefix, peerKey); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(addAllowedIP, prefix, err)
+	} else if ref.Count > 1 && ref.Out != peerKey {
+		log.Warnf("IP [%s] for domain [%s] is already routed by peer [%s]. HA routing disabled",
+			prefix.Addr(),
+			domain.SafeString(),
+			ref.Out,
+		)
+
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func determinePrefixChanges(oldPrefixes, newPrefixes []netip.Prefix) (toAdd, toRemove []netip.Prefix) {
+	prefixSet := make(map[netip.Prefix]bool)
+	for _, prefix := range oldPrefixes {
+		prefixSet[prefix] = false
+	}
+	for _, prefix := range newPrefixes {
+		if _, exists := prefixSet[prefix]; exists {
+			prefixSet[prefix] = true
+		} else {
+			toAdd = append(toAdd, prefix)
+		}
+	}
+	for prefix, inUse := range prefixSet {
+		if !inUse {
+			toRemove = append(toRemove, prefix)
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func combinePrefixes(oldPrefixes, removedPrefixes, addedPrefixes []netip.Prefix) []netip.Prefix {
+	prefixSet := make(map[netip.Prefix]struct{})
+	for _, prefix := range oldPrefixes {
+		prefixSet[prefix] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for _, prefix := range removedPrefixes {
+		delete(prefixSet, prefix)
+	}
+	for _, prefix := range addedPrefixes {
+		prefixSet[prefix] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	var combinedPrefixes []netip.Prefix
+	for prefix := range prefixSet {
+		combinedPrefixes = append(combinedPrefixes, prefix)
+	}
+
+	return combinedPrefixes
+}

client/internal/routemanager/manager.go

@@ -2,33 +2,36 @@ package routemanager
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
 	"runtime"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/listener"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/vars"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routeselector"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
-var defaultv4 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)
-
-// nolint:unused
-var defaultv6 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)
-
 // Manager is a route manager interface
 type Manager interface {
-	Init() (peer.BeforeAddPeerHookFunc, peer.AfterRemovePeerHookFunc, error)
+	Init() (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error)
-	UpdateRoutes(updateSerial uint64, newRoutes []*route.Route) error
+	UpdateRoutes(updateSerial uint64, newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[route.ID]*route.Route, route.HAMap, error)
+	TriggerSelection(route.HAMap)
+	GetRouteSelector() *routeselector.RouteSelector
 	SetRouteChangeListener(listener listener.NetworkChangeListener)
 	InitialRouteRange() []string
 	EnableServerRouter(firewall firewall.Manager) error
@@ -37,29 +40,71 @@ type Manager interface {
 
 // DefaultManager is the default instance of a route manager
 type DefaultManager struct {
-	ctx            context.Context
+	ctx                  context.Context
-	stop           context.CancelFunc
+	stop                 context.CancelFunc
-	mux            sync.Mutex
+	mux                  sync.Mutex
-	clientNetworks map[string]*clientNetwork
+	clientNetworks       map[route.HAUniqueID]*clientNetwork
-	serverRouter   serverRouter
+	routeSelector        *routeselector.RouteSelector
-	statusRecorder *peer.Status
+	serverRouter         serverRouter
-	wgInterface    *iface.WGIface
+	sysOps               *systemops.SysOps
-	pubKey         string
+	statusRecorder       *peer.Status
-	notifier       *notifier
+	wgInterface          *iface.WGIface
+	pubKey               string
+	notifier             *notifier
+	routeRefCounter      *refcounter.RouteRefCounter
+	allowedIPsRefCounter *refcounter.AllowedIPsRefCounter
+	dnsRouteInterval     time.Duration
 }
 
-func NewManager(ctx context.Context, pubKey string, wgInterface *iface.WGIface, statusRecorder *peer.Status, initialRoutes []*route.Route) *DefaultManager {
+func NewManager(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	pubKey string,
+	dnsRouteInterval time.Duration,
+	wgInterface *iface.WGIface,
+	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
+	initialRoutes []*route.Route,
+) *DefaultManager {
 	mCTX, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	sysOps := systemops.NewSysOps(wgInterface)
+
 	dm := &DefaultManager{
-		ctx:            mCTX,
+		ctx:              mCTX,
-		stop:           cancel,
+		stop:             cancel,
-		clientNetworks: make(map[string]*clientNetwork),
+		dnsRouteInterval: dnsRouteInterval,
-		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
+		clientNetworks:   make(map[route.HAUniqueID]*clientNetwork),
-		wgInterface:    wgInterface,
+		routeSelector:    routeselector.NewRouteSelector(),
-		pubKey:         pubKey,
+		sysOps:           sysOps,
-		notifier:       newNotifier(),
+		statusRecorder:   statusRecorder,
+		wgInterface:      wgInterface,
+		pubKey:           pubKey,
+		notifier:         newNotifier(),
 	}
 
+	dm.routeRefCounter = refcounter.New(
+		func(prefix netip.Prefix, _ any) (any, error) {
+			return nil, sysOps.AddVPNRoute(prefix, wgInterface.ToInterface())
+		},
+		func(prefix netip.Prefix, _ any) error {
+			return sysOps.RemoveVPNRoute(prefix, wgInterface.ToInterface())
+		},
+	)
+
+	dm.allowedIPsRefCounter = refcounter.New(
+		func(prefix netip.Prefix, peerKey string) (string, error) {
+			// save peerKey to use it in the remove function
+			return peerKey, wgInterface.AddAllowedIP(peerKey, prefix.String())
+		},
+		func(prefix netip.Prefix, peerKey string) error {
+			if err := wgInterface.RemoveAllowedIP(peerKey, prefix.String()); err != nil {
+				if !errors.Is(err, iface.ErrPeerNotFound) && !errors.Is(err, iface.ErrAllowedIPNotFound) {
+					return err
+				}
+				log.Tracef("Remove allowed IPs %s for %s: %v", prefix, peerKey, err)
+			}
+			return nil
+		},
+	)
+
 	if runtime.GOOS == "android" {
 		cr := dm.clientRoutes(initialRoutes)
 		dm.notifier.setInitialClientRoutes(cr)
@@ -68,12 +113,12 @@ func NewManager(ctx context.Context, pubKey string, wgInterface *iface.WGIface,
 }
 
 // Init sets up the routing
-func (m *DefaultManager) Init() (peer.BeforeAddPeerHookFunc, peer.AfterRemovePeerHookFunc, error) {
+func (m *DefaultManager) Init() (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error) {
 	if nbnet.CustomRoutingDisabled() {
 		return nil, nil, nil
 	}
 
-	if err := cleanupRouting(); err != nil {
+	if err := m.sysOps.CleanupRouting(); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("Failed cleaning up routing: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -81,7 +126,7 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) Init() (peer.BeforeAddPeerHookFunc, peer.AfterRemovePee
 	signalAddress := m.statusRecorder.GetSignalState().URL
 	ips := resolveURLsToIPs([]string{mgmtAddress, signalAddress})
 
-	beforePeerHook, afterPeerHook, err := setupRouting(ips, m.wgInterface)
+	beforePeerHook, afterPeerHook, err := m.sysOps.SetupRouting(ips)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("setup routing: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -105,8 +150,19 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) Stop() {
 		m.serverRouter.cleanUp()
 	}
 
+	if m.routeRefCounter != nil {
+		if err := m.routeRefCounter.Flush(); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Error flushing route ref counter: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if m.allowedIPsRefCounter != nil {
+		if err := m.allowedIPsRefCounter.Flush(); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Error flushing allowed IPs ref counter: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	if !nbnet.CustomRoutingDisabled() {
-		if err := cleanupRouting(); err != nil {
+		if err := m.sysOps.CleanupRouting(); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("Error cleaning up routing: %v", err)
 		} else {
 			log.Info("Routing cleanup complete")
@@ -117,28 +173,29 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) Stop() {
 }
 
 // UpdateRoutes compares received routes with existing routes and removes, updates or adds them to the client and server maps
-func (m *DefaultManager) UpdateRoutes(updateSerial uint64, newRoutes []*route.Route) error {
+func (m *DefaultManager) UpdateRoutes(updateSerial uint64, newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[route.ID]*route.Route, route.HAMap, error) {
 	select {
 	case <-m.ctx.Done():
 		log.Infof("not updating routes as context is closed")
-		return m.ctx.Err()
+		return nil, nil, m.ctx.Err()
 	default:
 		m.mux.Lock()
 		defer m.mux.Unlock()
 
-		newServerRoutesMap, newClientRoutesIDMap := m.classifiesRoutes(newRoutes)
+		newServerRoutesMap, newClientRoutesIDMap := m.classifyRoutes(newRoutes)
 
-		m.updateClientNetworks(updateSerial, newClientRoutesIDMap)
+		filteredClientRoutes := m.routeSelector.FilterSelected(newClientRoutesIDMap)
-		m.notifier.onNewRoutes(newClientRoutesIDMap)
+		m.updateClientNetworks(updateSerial, filteredClientRoutes)
+		m.notifier.onNewRoutes(filteredClientRoutes)
 
 		if m.serverRouter != nil {
 			err := m.serverRouter.updateRoutes(newServerRoutesMap)
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("update routes: %w", err)
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("update routes: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
 
-		return nil
+		return newServerRoutesMap, newClientRoutesIDMap, nil
 	}
 }
 
@@ -149,24 +206,62 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) SetRouteChangeListener(listener listener.NetworkChangeL
 
 // InitialRouteRange return the list of initial routes. It used by mobile systems
 func (m *DefaultManager) InitialRouteRange() []string {
-	return m.notifier.initialRouteRanges()
+	return m.notifier.getInitialRouteRanges()
 }
 
-func (m *DefaultManager) updateClientNetworks(updateSerial uint64, networks map[string][]*route.Route) {
+// GetRouteSelector returns the route selector
-	// removing routes that do not exist as per the update from the Management service.
+func (m *DefaultManager) GetRouteSelector() *routeselector.RouteSelector {
+	return m.routeSelector
+}
+
+// GetClientRoutes returns the client routes
+func (m *DefaultManager) GetClientRoutes() map[route.HAUniqueID]*clientNetwork {
+	return m.clientNetworks
+}
+
+// TriggerSelection triggers the selection of routes, stopping deselected watchers and starting newly selected ones
+func (m *DefaultManager) TriggerSelection(networks route.HAMap) {
+	m.mux.Lock()
+	defer m.mux.Unlock()
+
+	networks = m.routeSelector.FilterSelected(networks)
+
+	m.notifier.onNewRoutes(networks)
+
+	m.stopObsoleteClients(networks)
+
+	for id, routes := range networks {
+		if _, found := m.clientNetworks[id]; found {
+			// don't touch existing client network watchers
+			continue
+		}
+
+		clientNetworkWatcher := newClientNetworkWatcher(m.ctx, m.dnsRouteInterval, m.wgInterface, m.statusRecorder, routes[0], m.routeRefCounter, m.allowedIPsRefCounter)
+		m.clientNetworks[id] = clientNetworkWatcher
+		go clientNetworkWatcher.peersStateAndUpdateWatcher()
+		clientNetworkWatcher.sendUpdateToClientNetworkWatcher(routesUpdate{routes: routes})
+	}
+}
+
+// stopObsoleteClients stops the client network watcher for the networks that are not in the new list
+func (m *DefaultManager) stopObsoleteClients(networks route.HAMap) {
 	for id, client := range m.clientNetworks {
-		_, found := networks[id]
+		if _, ok := networks[id]; !ok {
-		if !found {
+			log.Debugf("Stopping client network watcher, %s", id)
-			log.Debugf("stopping client network watcher, %s", id)
+			client.cancel()
-			client.stop()
 			delete(m.clientNetworks, id)
 		}
 	}
+}
+
+func (m *DefaultManager) updateClientNetworks(updateSerial uint64, networks route.HAMap) {
+	// removing routes that do not exist as per the update from the Management service.
+	m.stopObsoleteClients(networks)
 
 	for id, routes := range networks {
 		clientNetworkWatcher, found := m.clientNetworks[id]
 		if !found {
-			clientNetworkWatcher = newClientNetworkWatcher(m.ctx, m.wgInterface, m.statusRecorder, routes[0].Network)
+			clientNetworkWatcher = newClientNetworkWatcher(m.ctx, m.dnsRouteInterval, m.wgInterface, m.statusRecorder, routes[0], m.routeRefCounter, m.allowedIPsRefCounter)
 			m.clientNetworks[id] = clientNetworkWatcher
 			go clientNetworkWatcher.peersStateAndUpdateWatcher()
 		}
@@ -178,15 +273,15 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) updateClientNetworks(updateSerial uint64, networks map[
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *DefaultManager) classifiesRoutes(newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[string]*route.Route, map[string][]*route.Route) {
+func (m *DefaultManager) classifyRoutes(newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[route.ID]*route.Route, route.HAMap) {
-	newClientRoutesIDMap := make(map[string][]*route.Route)
+	newClientRoutesIDMap := make(route.HAMap)
-	newServerRoutesMap := make(map[string]*route.Route)
+	newServerRoutesMap := make(map[route.ID]*route.Route)
-	ownNetworkIDs := make(map[string]bool)
+	ownNetworkIDs := make(map[route.HAUniqueID]bool)
 
 	for _, newRoute := range newRoutes {
-		networkID := route.GetHAUniqueID(newRoute)
+		haID := newRoute.GetHAUniqueID()
 		if newRoute.Peer == m.pubKey {
-			ownNetworkIDs[networkID] = true
+			ownNetworkIDs[haID] = true
 			// only linux is supported for now
 			if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
 				log.Warnf("received a route to manage, but agent doesn't support router mode on %s OS", runtime.GOOS)
@@ -197,12 +292,12 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) classifiesRoutes(newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[string]
 	}
 
 	for _, newRoute := range newRoutes {
-		networkID := route.GetHAUniqueID(newRoute)
+		haID := newRoute.GetHAUniqueID()
-		if !ownNetworkIDs[networkID] {
+		if !ownNetworkIDs[haID] {
-			if !isPrefixSupported(newRoute.Network) {
+			if !isRouteSupported(newRoute) {
 				continue
 			}
-			newClientRoutesIDMap[networkID] = append(newClientRoutesIDMap[networkID], newRoute)
+			newClientRoutesIDMap[haID] = append(newClientRoutesIDMap[haID], newRoute)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -210,27 +305,24 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) classifiesRoutes(newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[string]
 }
 
 func (m *DefaultManager) clientRoutes(initialRoutes []*route.Route) []*route.Route {
-	_, crMap := m.classifiesRoutes(initialRoutes)
+	_, crMap := m.classifyRoutes(initialRoutes)
-	rs := make([]*route.Route, 0)
+	rs := make([]*route.Route, 0, len(crMap))
 	for _, routes := range crMap {
 		rs = append(rs, routes...)
 	}
 	return rs
 }
 
-func isPrefixSupported(prefix netip.Prefix) bool {
+func isRouteSupported(route *route.Route) bool {
-	if !nbnet.CustomRoutingDisabled() {
+	if !nbnet.CustomRoutingDisabled() || route.IsDynamic() {
-		switch runtime.GOOS {
+		return true
-		case "linux", "windows", "darwin":
-			return true
-		}
 	}
 
 	// If prefix is too small, lets assume it is a possible default prefix which is not yet supported
 	// we skip this prefix management
-	if prefix.Bits() <= minRangeBits {
+	if route.Network.Bits() <= vars.MinRangeBits {
 		log.Warnf("This agent version: %s, doesn't support default routes, received %s, skipping this prefix",
-			version.NetbirdVersion(), prefix)
+			version.NetbirdVersion(), route.Network)
 		return false
 	}
 	return true

client/internal/routemanager/manager_test.go

@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ func TestManagerUpdateRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			wgInterface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(fmt.Sprintf("utun43%d", n), "100.65.65.2/24", 33100, peerPrivateKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil)
+			wgInterface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(fmt.Sprintf("utun43%d", n), "100.65.65.2/24", 33100, peerPrivateKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil, nil)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should create testing WGIface interface")
 			defer wgInterface.Close()
 
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ func TestManagerUpdateRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 
 			statusRecorder := peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm")
 			ctx := context.TODO()
-			routeManager := NewManager(ctx, localPeerKey, wgInterface, statusRecorder, nil)
+			routeManager := NewManager(ctx, localPeerKey, 0, wgInterface, statusRecorder, nil)
 
 			_, _, err = routeManager.Init()
 
@@ -428,15 +428,15 @@ func TestManagerUpdateRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			if len(testCase.inputInitRoutes) > 0 {
-				err = routeManager.UpdateRoutes(testCase.inputSerial, testCase.inputRoutes)
+				_, _, err = routeManager.UpdateRoutes(testCase.inputSerial, testCase.inputRoutes)
 				require.NoError(t, err, "should update routes with init routes")
 			}
 
-			err = routeManager.UpdateRoutes(testCase.inputSerial+uint64(len(testCase.inputInitRoutes)), testCase.inputRoutes)
+			_, _, err = routeManager.UpdateRoutes(testCase.inputSerial+uint64(len(testCase.inputInitRoutes)), testCase.inputRoutes)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should update routes")
 
 			expectedWatchers := testCase.clientNetworkWatchersExpected
-			if (runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "windows" || runtime.GOOS == "darwin") && testCase.clientNetworkWatchersExpectedAllowed != 0 {
+			if testCase.clientNetworkWatchersExpectedAllowed != 0 {
 				expectedWatchers = testCase.clientNetworkWatchersExpectedAllowed
 			}
 			require.Len(t, routeManager.clientNetworks, expectedWatchers, "client networks size should match")

client/internal/routemanager/mock.go

@@ -6,18 +6,21 @@ import (
 
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/listener"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routeselector"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
 // MockManager is the mock instance of a route manager
 type MockManager struct {
-	UpdateRoutesFunc func(updateSerial uint64, newRoutes []*route.Route) error
+	UpdateRoutesFunc     func(updateSerial uint64, newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[route.ID]*route.Route, route.HAMap, error)
-	StopFunc         func()
+	TriggerSelectionFunc func(haMap route.HAMap)
+	GetRouteSelectorFunc func() *routeselector.RouteSelector
+	StopFunc             func()
 }
 
-func (m *MockManager) Init() (peer.BeforeAddPeerHookFunc, peer.AfterRemovePeerHookFunc, error) {
+func (m *MockManager) Init() (net.AddHookFunc, net.RemoveHookFunc, error) {
 	return nil, nil, nil
 }
 
@@ -27,11 +30,25 @@ func (m *MockManager) InitialRouteRange() []string {
 }
 
 // UpdateRoutes mock implementation of UpdateRoutes from Manager interface
-func (m *MockManager) UpdateRoutes(updateSerial uint64, newRoutes []*route.Route) error {
+func (m *MockManager) UpdateRoutes(updateSerial uint64, newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[route.ID]*route.Route, route.HAMap, error) {
 	if m.UpdateRoutesFunc != nil {
 		return m.UpdateRoutesFunc(updateSerial, newRoutes)
 	}
-	return fmt.Errorf("method UpdateRoutes is not implemented")
+	return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("method UpdateRoutes is not implemented")
+}
+
+func (m *MockManager) TriggerSelection(networks route.HAMap) {
+	if m.TriggerSelectionFunc != nil {
+		m.TriggerSelectionFunc(networks)
+	}
+}
+
+// GetRouteSelector mock implementation of GetRouteSelector from Manager interface
+func (m *MockManager) GetRouteSelector() *routeselector.RouteSelector {
+	if m.GetRouteSelectorFunc != nil {
+		return m.GetRouteSelectorFunc()
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Start mock implementation of Start from Manager interface

client/internal/routemanager/notifier.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package routemanager
 
 import (
+	"runtime"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -10,8 +11,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 type notifier struct {
-	initialRouteRangers []string
+	initialRouteRanges []string
-	routeRangers        []string
+	routeRanges        []string
 
 	listener    listener.NetworkChangeListener
 	listenerMux sync.Mutex
@@ -33,10 +34,10 @@ func (n *notifier) setInitialClientRoutes(clientRoutes []*route.Route) {
 		nets = append(nets, r.Network.String())
 	}
 	sort.Strings(nets)
-	n.initialRouteRangers = nets
+	n.initialRouteRanges = nets
 }
 
-func (n *notifier) onNewRoutes(idMap map[string][]*route.Route) {
+func (n *notifier) onNewRoutes(idMap route.HAMap) {
 	newNets := make([]string, 0)
 	for _, routes := range idMap {
 		for _, r := range routes {
@@ -45,11 +46,18 @@ func (n *notifier) onNewRoutes(idMap map[string][]*route.Route) {
 	}
 
 	sort.Strings(newNets)
-	if !n.hasDiff(n.initialRouteRangers, newNets) {
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
-		return
+	case "android":
+		if !n.hasDiff(n.initialRouteRanges, newNets) {
+			return
+		}
+	default:
+		if !n.hasDiff(n.routeRanges, newNets) {
+			return
+		}
 	}
 
-	n.routeRangers = newNets
+	n.routeRanges = newNets
 
 	n.notify()
 }
@@ -62,7 +70,7 @@ func (n *notifier) notify() {
 	}
 
 	go func(l listener.NetworkChangeListener) {
-		l.OnNetworkChanged(strings.Join(n.routeRangers, ","))
+		l.OnNetworkChanged(strings.Join(addIPv6RangeIfNeeded(n.routeRanges), ","))
 	}(n.listener)
 }
 
@@ -78,6 +86,20 @@ func (n *notifier) hasDiff(a []string, b []string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func (n *notifier) initialRouteRanges() []string {
+func (n *notifier) getInitialRouteRanges() []string {
-	return n.initialRouteRangers
+	return addIPv6RangeIfNeeded(n.initialRouteRanges)
+}
+
+// addIPv6RangeIfNeeded returns the input ranges with the default IPv6 range when there is an IPv4 default route.
+func addIPv6RangeIfNeeded(inputRanges []string) []string {
+	ranges := inputRanges
+	for _, r := range inputRanges {
+		// we are intentionally adding the ipv6 default range in case of ipv4 default range
+		// to ensure that all traffic is managed by the tunnel interface on android
+		if r == "0.0.0.0/0" {
+			ranges = append(ranges, "::/0")
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return ranges
 }

client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/refcounter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+package refcounter
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+)
+
+// ErrIgnore can be returned by AddFunc to indicate that the counter not be incremented for the given prefix.
+var ErrIgnore = errors.New("ignore")
+
+type Ref[O any] struct {
+	Count int
+	Out   O
+}
+
+type AddFunc[I, O any] func(prefix netip.Prefix, in I) (out O, err error)
+type RemoveFunc[I, O any] func(prefix netip.Prefix, out O) error
+
+type Counter[I, O any] struct {
+	// refCountMap keeps track of the reference Ref for prefixes
+	refCountMap map[netip.Prefix]Ref[O]
+	refCountMu  sync.Mutex
+	// idMap keeps track of the prefixes associated with an ID for removal
+	idMap  map[string][]netip.Prefix
+	idMu   sync.Mutex
+	add    AddFunc[I, O]
+	remove RemoveFunc[I, O]
+}
+
+// New creates a new Counter instance
+func New[I, O any](add AddFunc[I, O], remove RemoveFunc[I, O]) *Counter[I, O] {
+	return &Counter[I, O]{
+		refCountMap: map[netip.Prefix]Ref[O]{},
+		idMap:       map[string][]netip.Prefix{},
+		add:         add,
+		remove:      remove,
+	}
+}
+
+// Increment increments the reference count for the given prefix.
+// If this is the first reference to the prefix, the AddFunc is called.
+func (rm *Counter[I, O]) Increment(prefix netip.Prefix, in I) (Ref[O], error) {
+	rm.refCountMu.Lock()
+	defer rm.refCountMu.Unlock()
+
+	ref := rm.refCountMap[prefix]
+	log.Tracef("Increasing ref count %d for prefix %s with [%v]", ref.Count, prefix, ref.Out)
+
+	// Call AddFunc only if it's a new prefix
+	if ref.Count == 0 {
+		log.Tracef("Adding for prefix %s with [%v]", prefix, ref.Out)
+		out, err := rm.add(prefix, in)
+
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrIgnore) {
+			return ref, nil
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return ref, fmt.Errorf("failed to add for prefix %s: %w", prefix, err)
+		}
+		ref.Out = out
+	}
+
+	ref.Count++
+	rm.refCountMap[prefix] = ref
+
+	return ref, nil
+}
+
+// IncrementWithID increments the reference count for the given prefix and groups it under the given ID.
+// If this is the first reference to the prefix, the AddFunc is called.
+func (rm *Counter[I, O]) IncrementWithID(id string, prefix netip.Prefix, in I) (Ref[O], error) {
+	rm.idMu.Lock()
+	defer rm.idMu.Unlock()
+
+	ref, err := rm.Increment(prefix, in)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ref, fmt.Errorf("with ID: %w", err)
+	}
+	rm.idMap[id] = append(rm.idMap[id], prefix)
+
+	return ref, nil
+}
+
+// Decrement decrements the reference count for the given prefix.
+// If the reference count reaches 0, the RemoveFunc is called.
+func (rm *Counter[I, O]) Decrement(prefix netip.Prefix) (Ref[O], error) {
+	rm.refCountMu.Lock()
+	defer rm.refCountMu.Unlock()
+
+	ref, ok := rm.refCountMap[prefix]
+	if !ok {
+		log.Tracef("No reference found for prefix %s", prefix)
+		return ref, nil
+	}
+
+	log.Tracef("Decreasing ref count %d for prefix %s with [%v]", ref.Count, prefix, ref.Out)
+	if ref.Count == 1 {
+		log.Tracef("Removing for prefix %s with [%v]", prefix, ref.Out)
+		if err := rm.remove(prefix, ref.Out); err != nil {
+			return ref, fmt.Errorf("remove for prefix %s: %w", prefix, err)
+		}
+		delete(rm.refCountMap, prefix)
+	} else {
+		ref.Count--
+		rm.refCountMap[prefix] = ref
+	}
+
+	return ref, nil
+}
+
+// DecrementWithID decrements the reference count for all prefixes associated with the given ID.
+// If the reference count reaches 0, the RemoveFunc is called.
+func (rm *Counter[I, O]) DecrementWithID(id string) error {
+	rm.idMu.Lock()
+	defer rm.idMu.Unlock()
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, prefix := range rm.idMap[id] {
+		if _, err := rm.Decrement(prefix); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+		}
+	}
+	delete(rm.idMap, id)
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// Flush removes all references and calls RemoveFunc for each prefix.
+func (rm *Counter[I, O]) Flush() error {
+	rm.refCountMu.Lock()
+	defer rm.refCountMu.Unlock()
+	rm.idMu.Lock()
+	defer rm.idMu.Unlock()
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for prefix := range rm.refCountMap {
+		log.Tracef("Removing for prefix %s", prefix)
+		ref := rm.refCountMap[prefix]
+		if err := rm.remove(prefix, ref.Out); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove for prefix %s: %w", prefix, err))
+		}
+	}
+	rm.refCountMap = map[netip.Prefix]Ref[O]{}
+
+	rm.idMap = map[string][]netip.Prefix{}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}

client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package refcounter
+
+// RouteRefCounter is a Counter for Route, it doesn't take any input on Increment and doesn't use any output on Decrement
+type RouteRefCounter = Counter[any, any]
+
+// AllowedIPsRefCounter is a Counter for AllowedIPs, it takes a peer key on Increment and passes it back to Decrement
+type AllowedIPsRefCounter = Counter[string, string]

client/internal/routemanager/routemanager.go

@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !android && !ios
-
-package routemanager
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
-)
-
-type ref struct {
-	count   int
-	nexthop netip.Addr
-	intf    string
-}
-
-type RouteManager struct {
-	// refCountMap keeps track of the reference ref for prefixes
-	refCountMap map[netip.Prefix]ref
-	// prefixMap keeps track of the prefixes associated with a connection ID for removal
-	prefixMap   map[nbnet.ConnectionID][]netip.Prefix
-	addRoute    AddRouteFunc
-	removeRoute RemoveRouteFunc
-	mutex       sync.Mutex
-}
-
-type AddRouteFunc func(prefix netip.Prefix) (nexthop netip.Addr, intf string, err error)
-type RemoveRouteFunc func(prefix netip.Prefix, nexthop netip.Addr, intf string) error
-
-func NewRouteManager(addRoute AddRouteFunc, removeRoute RemoveRouteFunc) *RouteManager {
-	// TODO: read initial routing table into refCountMap
-	return &RouteManager{
-		refCountMap: map[netip.Prefix]ref{},
-		prefixMap:   map[nbnet.ConnectionID][]netip.Prefix{},
-		addRoute:    addRoute,
-		removeRoute: removeRoute,
-	}
-}
-
-func (rm *RouteManager) AddRouteRef(connID nbnet.ConnectionID, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
-	rm.mutex.Lock()
-	defer rm.mutex.Unlock()
-
-	ref := rm.refCountMap[prefix]
-	log.Debugf("Increasing route ref count %d for prefix %s", ref.count, prefix)
-
-	// Add route to the system, only if it's a new prefix
-	if ref.count == 0 {
-		log.Debugf("Adding route for prefix %s", prefix)
-		nexthop, intf, err := rm.addRoute(prefix)
-		if errors.Is(err, ErrRouteNotFound) {
-			return nil
-		}
-		if errors.Is(err, ErrRouteNotAllowed) {
-			log.Debugf("Adding route for prefix %s: %s", prefix, err)
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to add route for prefix %s: %w", prefix, err)
-		}
-		ref.nexthop = nexthop
-		ref.intf = intf
-	}
-
-	ref.count++
-	rm.refCountMap[prefix] = ref
-	rm.prefixMap[connID] = append(rm.prefixMap[connID], prefix)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (rm *RouteManager) RemoveRouteRef(connID nbnet.ConnectionID) error {
-	rm.mutex.Lock()
-	defer rm.mutex.Unlock()
-
-	prefixes, ok := rm.prefixMap[connID]
-	if !ok {
-		log.Debugf("No prefixes found for connection ID %s", connID)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	var result *multierror.Error
-	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
-		ref := rm.refCountMap[prefix]
-		log.Debugf("Decreasing route ref count %d for prefix %s", ref.count, prefix)
-		if ref.count == 1 {
-			log.Debugf("Removing route for prefix %s", prefix)
-			// TODO: don't fail if the route is not found
-			if err := rm.removeRoute(prefix, ref.nexthop, ref.intf); err != nil {
-				result = multierror.Append(result, fmt.Errorf("remove route for prefix %s: %w", prefix, err))
-				continue
-			}
-			delete(rm.refCountMap, prefix)
-		} else {
-			ref.count--
-			rm.refCountMap[prefix] = ref
-		}
-	}
-	delete(rm.prefixMap, connID)
-
-	return result.ErrorOrNil()
-}
-
-// Flush removes all references and routes from the system
-func (rm *RouteManager) Flush() error {
-	rm.mutex.Lock()
-	defer rm.mutex.Unlock()
-
-	var result *multierror.Error
-	for prefix := range rm.refCountMap {
-		log.Debugf("Removing route for prefix %s", prefix)
-		ref := rm.refCountMap[prefix]
-		if err := rm.removeRoute(prefix, ref.nexthop, ref.intf); err != nil {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, fmt.Errorf("remove route for prefix %s: %w", prefix, err))
-		}
-	}
-	rm.refCountMap = map[netip.Prefix]ref{}
-	rm.prefixMap = map[nbnet.ConnectionID][]netip.Prefix{}
-
-	return result.ErrorOrNil()
-}

client/internal/routemanager/server.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package routemanager
 import "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 
 type serverRouter interface {
-	updateRoutes(map[string]*route.Route) error
+	updateRoutes(map[route.ID]*route.Route) error
 	removeFromServerNetwork(*route.Route) error
 	cleanUp()
 }

client/internal/routemanager/server_nonandroid.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 type defaultServerRouter struct {
 	mux            sync.Mutex
 	ctx            context.Context
-	routes         map[string]*route.Route
+	routes         map[route.ID]*route.Route
 	firewall       firewall.Manager
 	wgInterface    *iface.WGIface
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
@@ -28,15 +29,15 @@ type defaultServerRouter struct {
 func newServerRouter(ctx context.Context, wgInterface *iface.WGIface, firewall firewall.Manager, statusRecorder *peer.Status) (serverRouter, error) {
 	return &defaultServerRouter{
 		ctx:            ctx,
-		routes:         make(map[string]*route.Route),
+		routes:         make(map[route.ID]*route.Route),
 		firewall:       firewall,
 		wgInterface:    wgInterface,
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (m *defaultServerRouter) updateRoutes(routesMap map[string]*route.Route) error {
+func (m *defaultServerRouter) updateRoutes(routesMap map[route.ID]*route.Route) error {
-	serverRoutesToRemove := make([]string, 0)
+	serverRoutesToRemove := make([]route.ID, 0)
 
 	for routeID := range m.routes {
 		update, found := routesMap[routeID]
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ func (m *defaultServerRouter) updateRoutes(routesMap map[string]*route.Route) er
 	}
 
 	if len(m.routes) > 0 {
-		err := enableIPForwarding()
+		err := systemops.EnableIPForwarding()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ func (m *defaultServerRouter) removeFromServerNetwork(route *route.Route) error
 		m.mux.Lock()
 		defer m.mux.Unlock()
 
-		routerPair, err := routeToRouterPair(m.wgInterface.Address().Masked().String(), route)
+		routerPair, err := routeToRouterPair(route)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("parse prefix: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ func (m *defaultServerRouter) addToServerNetwork(route *route.Route) error {
 		m.mux.Lock()
 		defer m.mux.Unlock()
 
-		routerPair, err := routeToRouterPair(m.wgInterface.Address().Masked().String(), route)
+		routerPair, err := routeToRouterPair(route)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("parse prefix: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -133,7 +134,13 @@ func (m *defaultServerRouter) addToServerNetwork(route *route.Route) error {
 		if state.Routes == nil {
 			state.Routes = map[string]struct{}{}
 		}
-		state.Routes[route.Network.String()] = struct{}{}
+
+		routeStr := route.Network.String()
+		if route.IsDynamic() {
+			routeStr = route.Domains.SafeString()
+		}
+		state.Routes[routeStr] = struct{}{}
+
 		m.statusRecorder.UpdateLocalPeerState(state)
 
 		return nil
@@ -144,7 +151,7 @@ func (m *defaultServerRouter) cleanUp() {
 	m.mux.Lock()
 	defer m.mux.Unlock()
 	for _, r := range m.routes {
-		routerPair, err := routeToRouterPair(m.wgInterface.Address().Masked().String(), r)
+		routerPair, err := routeToRouterPair(r)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("Failed to convert route to router pair: %v", err)
 			continue
@@ -162,15 +169,27 @@ func (m *defaultServerRouter) cleanUp() {
 	m.statusRecorder.UpdateLocalPeerState(state)
 }
 
-func routeToRouterPair(source string, route *route.Route) (firewall.RouterPair, error) {
+func routeToRouterPair(route *route.Route) (firewall.RouterPair, error) {
-	parsed, err := netip.ParsePrefix(source)
+	// TODO: add ipv6
-	if err != nil {
+	source := getDefaultPrefix(route.Network)
-		return firewall.RouterPair{}, err
+
+	destination := route.Network.Masked().String()
+	if route.IsDynamic() {
+		// TODO: add ipv6
+		destination = "0.0.0.0/0"
 	}
+
 	return firewall.RouterPair{
-		ID:          route.ID,
+		ID:          string(route.ID),
-		Source:      parsed.String(),
+		Source:      source.String(),
-		Destination: route.Network.Masked().String(),
+		Destination: destination,
 		Masquerade:  route.Masquerade,
 	}, nil
 }
+
+func getDefaultPrefix(prefix netip.Prefix) netip.Prefix {
+	if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+		return netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)
+	}
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)
+}

client/internal/routemanager/static/route.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package static
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+type Route struct {
+	route                *route.Route
+	routeRefCounter      *refcounter.RouteRefCounter
+	allowedIPsRefcounter *refcounter.AllowedIPsRefCounter
+}
+
+func NewRoute(rt *route.Route, routeRefCounter *refcounter.RouteRefCounter, allowedIPsRefCounter *refcounter.AllowedIPsRefCounter) *Route {
+	return &Route{
+		route:                rt,
+		routeRefCounter:      routeRefCounter,
+		allowedIPsRefcounter: allowedIPsRefCounter,
+	}
+}
+
+// Route route methods
+func (r *Route) String() string {
+	return r.route.Network.String()
+}
+
+func (r *Route) AddRoute(context.Context) error {
+	_, err := r.routeRefCounter.Increment(r.route.Network, nil)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (r *Route) RemoveRoute() error {
+	_, err := r.routeRefCounter.Decrement(r.route.Network)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (r *Route) AddAllowedIPs(peerKey string) error {
+	if ref, err := r.allowedIPsRefcounter.Increment(r.route.Network, peerKey); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add allowed IP %s: %w", r.route.Network, err)
+	} else if ref.Count > 1 && ref.Out != peerKey {
+		log.Warnf("Prefix [%s] is already routed by peer [%s]. HA routing disabled",
+			r.route.Network,
+			ref.Out,
+		)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *Route) RemoveAllowedIPs() error {
+	_, err := r.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(r.route.Network)
+	return err
+}

client/internal/routemanager/sysctl/sysctl_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// go:build !android
+package sysctl
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
+)
+
+const (
+	rpFilterPath          = "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter"
+	rpFilterInterfacePath = "net.ipv4.conf.%s.rp_filter"
+	srcValidMarkPath      = "net.ipv4.conf.all.src_valid_mark"
+)
+
+// Setup configures sysctl settings for RP filtering and source validation.
+func Setup(wgIface *iface.WGIface) (map[string]int, error) {
+	keys := map[string]int{}
+	var result *multierror.Error
+
+	oldVal, err := Set(srcValidMarkPath, 1, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		result = multierror.Append(result, err)
+	} else {
+		keys[srcValidMarkPath] = oldVal
+	}
+
+	oldVal, err = Set(rpFilterPath, 2, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		result = multierror.Append(result, err)
+	} else {
+		keys[rpFilterPath] = oldVal
+	}
+
+	interfaces, err := net.Interfaces()
+	if err != nil {
+		result = multierror.Append(result, fmt.Errorf("list interfaces: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	for _, intf := range interfaces {
+		if intf.Name == "lo" || wgIface != nil && intf.Name == wgIface.Name() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		i := fmt.Sprintf(rpFilterInterfacePath, intf.Name)
+		oldVal, err := Set(i, 2, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
+		} else {
+			keys[i] = oldVal
+		}
+	}
+
+	return keys, nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
+}
+
+// Set sets a sysctl configuration, if onlyIfOne is true it will only set the new value if it's set to 1
+func Set(key string, desiredValue int, onlyIfOne bool) (int, error) {
+	path := fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/%s", strings.ReplaceAll(key, ".", "/"))
+	currentValue, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return -1, fmt.Errorf("read sysctl %s: %w", key, err)
+	}
+
+	currentV, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(string(currentValue)))
+	if err != nil && len(currentValue) > 0 {
+		return -1, fmt.Errorf("convert current desiredValue to int: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if currentV == desiredValue || onlyIfOne && currentV != 1 {
+		return currentV, nil
+	}
+
+	//nolint:gosec
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(strconv.Itoa(desiredValue)), 0644); err != nil {
+		return currentV, fmt.Errorf("write sysctl %s: %w", key, err)
+	}
+	log.Debugf("Set sysctl %s from %d to %d", key, currentV, desiredValue)
+
+	return currentV, nil
+}
+
+// Cleanup resets sysctl settings to their original values.
+func Cleanup(originalSettings map[string]int) error {
+	var result *multierror.Error
+
+	for key, value := range originalSettings {
+		_, err := Set(key, value, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops.go

@@ -1,428 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !android && !ios
-
-package routemanager
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"runtime"
-	"strconv"
-
-	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-netroute"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
-)
-
-var splitDefaultv4_1 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 1)
-var splitDefaultv4_2 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{128}), 1)
-var splitDefaultv6_1 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 1)
-var splitDefaultv6_2 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{0x80}), 1)
-
-var ErrRouteNotFound = errors.New("route not found")
-var ErrRouteNotAllowed = errors.New("route not allowed")
-
-// TODO: fix: for default our wg address now appears as the default gw
-func addRouteForCurrentDefaultGateway(prefix netip.Prefix) error {
-	addr := netip.IPv4Unspecified()
-	if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
-		addr = netip.IPv6Unspecified()
-	}
-
-	defaultGateway, _, err := getNextHop(addr)
-	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrRouteNotFound) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get existing route gateway: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	if !prefix.Contains(defaultGateway) {
-		log.Debugf("Skipping adding a new route for gateway %s because it is not in the network %s", defaultGateway, prefix)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	gatewayPrefix := netip.PrefixFrom(defaultGateway, 32)
-	if defaultGateway.Is6() {
-		gatewayPrefix = netip.PrefixFrom(defaultGateway, 128)
-	}
-
-	ok, err := existsInRouteTable(gatewayPrefix)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to check if there is an existing route for gateway %s. error: %s", gatewayPrefix, err)
-	}
-
-	if ok {
-		log.Debugf("Skipping adding a new route for gateway %s because it already exists", gatewayPrefix)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	var exitIntf string
-	gatewayHop, intf, err := getNextHop(defaultGateway)
-	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrRouteNotFound) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get the next hop for the default gateway address. error: %s", err)
-	}
-	if intf != nil {
-		exitIntf = intf.Name
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("Adding a new route for gateway %s with next hop %s", gatewayPrefix, gatewayHop)
-	return addToRouteTable(gatewayPrefix, gatewayHop, exitIntf)
-}
-
-func getNextHop(ip netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, *net.Interface, error) {
-	r, err := netroute.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		return netip.Addr{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("new netroute: %w", err)
-	}
-	intf, gateway, preferredSrc, err := r.Route(ip.AsSlice())
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("Failed to get route for %s: %v", ip, err)
-		return netip.Addr{}, nil, ErrRouteNotFound
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("Route for %s: interface %v, nexthop %v, preferred source %v", ip, intf, gateway, preferredSrc)
-	if gateway == nil {
-		if preferredSrc == nil {
-			return netip.Addr{}, nil, ErrRouteNotFound
-		}
-		log.Debugf("No next hop found for ip %s, using preferred source %s", ip, preferredSrc)
-
-		addr, err := ipToAddr(preferredSrc, intf)
-		if err != nil {
-			return netip.Addr{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("convert preferred source to address: %w", err)
-		}
-		return addr.Unmap(), intf, nil
-	}
-
-	addr, err := ipToAddr(gateway, intf)
-	if err != nil {
-		return netip.Addr{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("convert gateway to address: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return addr, intf, nil
-}
-
-// converts a net.IP to a netip.Addr including the zone based on the passed interface
-func ipToAddr(ip net.IP, intf *net.Interface) (netip.Addr, error) {
-	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
-	if !ok {
-		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to convert IP address to netip.Addr: %s", ip)
-	}
-
-	if intf != nil && (addr.IsLinkLocalMulticast() || addr.IsLinkLocalUnicast()) {
-		log.Tracef("Adding zone %s to address %s", intf.Name, addr)
-		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-			addr = addr.WithZone(strconv.Itoa(intf.Index))
-		} else {
-			addr = addr.WithZone(intf.Name)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return addr.Unmap(), nil
-}
-
-func existsInRouteTable(prefix netip.Prefix) (bool, error) {
-	routes, err := getRoutesFromTable()
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("get routes from table: %w", err)
-	}
-	for _, tableRoute := range routes {
-		if tableRoute == prefix {
-			return true, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return false, nil
-}
-
-func isSubRange(prefix netip.Prefix) (bool, error) {
-	routes, err := getRoutesFromTable()
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("get routes from table: %w", err)
-	}
-	for _, tableRoute := range routes {
-		if tableRoute.Bits() > minRangeBits && tableRoute.Contains(prefix.Addr()) && tableRoute.Bits() < prefix.Bits() {
-			return true, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return false, nil
-}
-
-// addRouteToNonVPNIntf adds a new route to the routing table for the given prefix and returns the next hop and interface.
-// If the next hop or interface is pointing to the VPN interface, it will return the initial values.
-func addRouteToNonVPNIntf(
-	prefix netip.Prefix,
-	vpnIntf *iface.WGIface,
-	initialNextHop netip.Addr,
-	initialIntf *net.Interface,
-) (netip.Addr, string, error) {
-	addr := prefix.Addr()
-	switch {
-	case addr.IsLoopback(),
-		addr.IsLinkLocalUnicast(),
-		addr.IsLinkLocalMulticast(),
-		addr.IsInterfaceLocalMulticast(),
-		addr.IsUnspecified(),
-		addr.IsMulticast():
-
-		return netip.Addr{}, "", ErrRouteNotAllowed
-	}
-
-	// Determine the exit interface and next hop for the prefix, so we can add a specific route
-	nexthop, intf, err := getNextHop(addr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return netip.Addr{}, "", fmt.Errorf("get next hop: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("Found next hop %s for prefix %s with interface %v", nexthop, prefix, intf)
-	exitNextHop := nexthop
-	var exitIntf string
-	if intf != nil {
-		exitIntf = intf.Name
-	}
-
-	vpnAddr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(vpnIntf.Address().IP)
-	if !ok {
-		return netip.Addr{}, "", fmt.Errorf("failed to convert vpn address to netip.Addr")
-	}
-
-	// if next hop is the VPN address or the interface is the VPN interface, we should use the initial values
-	if exitNextHop == vpnAddr || exitIntf == vpnIntf.Name() {
-		log.Debugf("Route for prefix %s is pointing to the VPN interface", prefix)
-		exitNextHop = initialNextHop
-		if initialIntf != nil {
-			exitIntf = initialIntf.Name
-		}
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("Adding a new route for prefix %s with next hop %s", prefix, exitNextHop)
-	if err := addToRouteTable(prefix, exitNextHop, exitIntf); err != nil {
-		return netip.Addr{}, "", fmt.Errorf("add route to table: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return exitNextHop, exitIntf, nil
-}
-
-// genericAddVPNRoute adds a new route to the vpn interface, it splits the default prefix
-// in two /1 prefixes to avoid replacing the existing default route
-func genericAddVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf string) error {
-	if prefix == defaultv4 {
-		if err := addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv4_1, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if err := addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv4_2, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
-			if err2 := removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv4_1, netip.Addr{}, intf); err2 != nil {
-				log.Warnf("Failed to rollback route addition: %s", err2)
-			}
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// TODO: remove once IPv6 is supported on the interface
-		if err := addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("add unreachable route split 1: %w", err)
-		}
-		if err := addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
-			if err2 := removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, netip.Addr{}, intf); err2 != nil {
-				log.Warnf("Failed to rollback route addition: %s", err2)
-			}
-			return fmt.Errorf("add unreachable route split 2: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	} else if prefix == defaultv6 {
-		if err := addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("add unreachable route split 1: %w", err)
-		}
-		if err := addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
-			if err2 := removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, netip.Addr{}, intf); err2 != nil {
-				log.Warnf("Failed to rollback route addition: %s", err2)
-			}
-			return fmt.Errorf("add unreachable route split 2: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return addNonExistingRoute(prefix, intf)
-}
-
-// addNonExistingRoute adds a new route to the vpn interface if it doesn't exist in the current routing table
-func addNonExistingRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf string) error {
-	ok, err := existsInRouteTable(prefix)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("exists in route table: %w", err)
-	}
-	if ok {
-		log.Warnf("Skipping adding a new route for network %s because it already exists", prefix)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	ok, err = isSubRange(prefix)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("sub range: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if ok {
-		err := addRouteForCurrentDefaultGateway(prefix)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("Unable to add route for current default gateway route. Will proceed without it. error: %s", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return addToRouteTable(prefix, netip.Addr{}, intf)
-}
-
-// genericRemoveVPNRoute removes the route from the vpn interface. If a default prefix is given,
-// it will remove the split /1 prefixes
-func genericRemoveVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf string) error {
-	if prefix == defaultv4 {
-		var result *multierror.Error
-		if err := removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv4_1, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
-		}
-		if err := removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv4_2, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
-		}
-
-		// TODO: remove once IPv6 is supported on the interface
-		if err := removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
-		}
-		if err := removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
-		}
-
-		return result.ErrorOrNil()
-	} else if prefix == defaultv6 {
-		var result *multierror.Error
-		if err := removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
-		}
-		if err := removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
-		}
-
-		return result.ErrorOrNil()
-	}
-
-	return removeFromRouteTable(prefix, netip.Addr{}, intf)
-}
-
-func getPrefixFromIP(ip net.IP) (*netip.Prefix, error) {
-	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse IP address: %s", ip)
-	}
-	addr = addr.Unmap()
-
-	var prefixLength int
-	switch {
-	case addr.Is4():
-		prefixLength = 32
-	case addr.Is6():
-		prefixLength = 128
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid IP address: %s", addr)
-	}
-
-	prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(addr, prefixLength)
-	return &prefix, nil
-}
-
-func setupRoutingWithRouteManager(routeManager **RouteManager, initAddresses []net.IP, wgIface *iface.WGIface) (peer.BeforeAddPeerHookFunc, peer.AfterRemovePeerHookFunc, error) {
-	initialNextHopV4, initialIntfV4, err := getNextHop(netip.IPv4Unspecified())
-	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrRouteNotFound) {
-		log.Errorf("Unable to get initial v4 default next hop: %v", err)
-	}
-	initialNextHopV6, initialIntfV6, err := getNextHop(netip.IPv6Unspecified())
-	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrRouteNotFound) {
-		log.Errorf("Unable to get initial v6 default next hop: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	*routeManager = NewRouteManager(
-		func(prefix netip.Prefix) (netip.Addr, string, error) {
-			addr := prefix.Addr()
-			nexthop, intf := initialNextHopV4, initialIntfV4
-			if addr.Is6() {
-				nexthop, intf = initialNextHopV6, initialIntfV6
-			}
-			return addRouteToNonVPNIntf(prefix, wgIface, nexthop, intf)
-		},
-		removeFromRouteTable,
-	)
-
-	return setupHooks(*routeManager, initAddresses)
-}
-
-func cleanupRoutingWithRouteManager(routeManager *RouteManager) error {
-	if routeManager == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// TODO: Remove hooks selectively
-	nbnet.RemoveDialerHooks()
-	nbnet.RemoveListenerHooks()
-
-	if err := routeManager.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("flush route manager: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func setupHooks(routeManager *RouteManager, initAddresses []net.IP) (peer.BeforeAddPeerHookFunc, peer.AfterRemovePeerHookFunc, error) {
-	beforeHook := func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID, ip net.IP) error {
-		prefix, err := getPrefixFromIP(ip)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("convert ip to prefix: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if err := routeManager.AddRouteRef(connID, *prefix); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("adding route reference: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-	afterHook := func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID) error {
-		if err := routeManager.RemoveRouteRef(connID); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove route reference: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	for _, ip := range initAddresses {
-		if err := beforeHook("init", ip); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Failed to add route reference: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	nbnet.AddDialerHook(func(ctx context.Context, connID nbnet.ConnectionID, resolvedIPs []net.IPAddr) error {
-		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-
-		var result *multierror.Error
-		for _, ip := range resolvedIPs {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, beforeHook(connID, ip.IP))
-		}
-		return result.ErrorOrNil()
-	})
-
-	nbnet.AddDialerCloseHook(func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID, conn *net.Conn) error {
-		return afterHook(connID)
-	})
-
-	nbnet.AddListenerWriteHook(func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID, ip *net.IPAddr, data []byte) error {
-		return beforeHook(connID, ip.IP)
-	})
-
-	nbnet.AddListenerCloseHook(func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID, conn net.PacketConn) error {
-		return afterHook(connID)
-	})
-
-	return beforeHook, afterHook, nil
-}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_bsd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//go:build darwin || dragonfly || netbsd || openbsd
+
+package systemops
+
+import "syscall"
+
+// filterRoutesByFlags - return true if need to ignore such route message because it consists specific flags.
+func filterRoutesByFlags(routeMessageFlags int) bool {
+	if routeMessageFlags&syscall.RTF_UP == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if routeMessageFlags&(syscall.RTF_REJECT|syscall.RTF_BLACKHOLE|syscall.RTF_WASCLONED) != 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_freebsd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//go:build: freebsd
+package systemops
+
+import "syscall"
+
+// filterRoutesByFlags - return true if need to ignore such route message because it consists specific flags.
+func filterRoutesByFlags(routeMessageFlags int) bool {
+	if routeMessageFlags&syscall.RTF_UP == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// NOTE: syscall.RTF_WASCLONED deprecated in FreeBSD 8.0 (https://www.freebsd.org/releases/8.0R/relnotes-detailed/)
+	//  a concept of cloned route (a route generated by an entry with RTF_CLONING flag) is deprecated.
+	if routeMessageFlags&(syscall.RTF_REJECT|syscall.RTF_BLACKHOLE) != 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
+)
+
+type Nexthop struct {
+	IP   netip.Addr
+	Intf *net.Interface
+}
+
+type ExclusionCounter = refcounter.Counter[any, Nexthop]
+
+type SysOps struct {
+	refCounter  *ExclusionCounter
+	wgInterface *iface.WGIface
+}
+
+func NewSysOps(wgInterface *iface.WGIface) *SysOps {
+	return &SysOps{
+		wgInterface: wgInterface,
+	}
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_bsd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+//go:build darwin || dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strconv"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/net/route"
+)
+
+type Route struct {
+	Dst       netip.Prefix
+	Gw        netip.Addr
+	Interface *net.Interface
+}
+
+func getRoutesFromTable() ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
+	tab, err := retryFetchRIB()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetch RIB: %v", err)
+	}
+	msgs, err := route.ParseRIB(route.RIBTypeRoute, tab)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse RIB: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var prefixList []netip.Prefix
+	for _, msg := range msgs {
+		m := msg.(*route.RouteMessage)
+
+		if m.Version < 3 || m.Version > 5 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message version: %d", m.Version)
+		}
+		if m.Type != syscall.RTM_GET {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message type: %d", m.Type)
+		}
+
+		if filterRoutesByFlags(m.Flags) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		route, err := MsgToRoute(m)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("Failed to parse route message: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if route.Dst.IsValid() {
+			prefixList = append(prefixList, route.Dst)
+		}
+	}
+	return prefixList, nil
+}
+
+func retryFetchRIB() ([]byte, error) {
+	var out []byte
+	operation := func() error {
+		var err error
+		out, err = route.FetchRIB(syscall.AF_UNSPEC, route.RIBTypeRoute, 0)
+		if errors.Is(err, syscall.ENOMEM) {
+			log.Debug("~etrying fetchRIB due to 'cannot allocate memory' error")
+			return err
+		} else if err != nil {
+			return backoff.Permanent(err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	expBackOff := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()
+	expBackOff.InitialInterval = 50 * time.Millisecond
+	expBackOff.MaxInterval = 500 * time.Millisecond
+	expBackOff.MaxElapsedTime = 1 * time.Second
+
+	err := backoff.Retry(operation, expBackOff)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch routing information: %w", err)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func toNetIP(a route.Addr) netip.Addr {
+	switch t := a.(type) {
+	case *route.Inet4Addr:
+		return netip.AddrFrom4(t.IP)
+	case *route.Inet6Addr:
+		ip := netip.AddrFrom16(t.IP)
+		if t.ZoneID != 0 {
+			ip = ip.WithZone(strconv.Itoa(t.ZoneID))
+		}
+		return ip
+	default:
+		return netip.Addr{}
+	}
+}
+
+// ones returns the number of leading ones in the mask.
+func ones(a route.Addr) (int, error) {
+	switch t := a.(type) {
+	case *route.Inet4Addr:
+		mask, _ := net.IPMask(t.IP[:]).Size()
+		return mask, nil
+	case *route.Inet6Addr:
+		mask, _ := net.IPMask(t.IP[:]).Size()
+		return mask, nil
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected address type: %T", a)
+	}
+}
+
+// MsgToRoute converts a route message to a Route.
+func MsgToRoute(msg *route.RouteMessage) (*Route, error) {
+	dstIP, nexthop, dstMask := msg.Addrs[0], msg.Addrs[1], msg.Addrs[2]
+
+	addr := toNetIP(dstIP)
+
+	var nexthopAddr netip.Addr
+	var nexthopIntf *net.Interface
+
+	switch t := nexthop.(type) {
+	case *route.Inet4Addr, *route.Inet6Addr:
+		nexthopAddr = toNetIP(t)
+	case *route.LinkAddr:
+		nexthopIntf = &net.Interface{
+			Index: t.Index,
+			Name:  t.Name,
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected next hop type: %T", t)
+	}
+
+	var prefix netip.Prefix
+
+	if dstMask == nil {
+		if addr.Is4() {
+			prefix = netip.PrefixFrom(addr, 32)
+		} else {
+			prefix = netip.PrefixFrom(addr, 128)
+		}
+	} else {
+		bits, err := ones(dstMask)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse mask: %v", dstMask)
+		}
+		prefix = netip.PrefixFrom(addr, bits)
+	}
+
+	return &Route{
+		Dst:       prefix,
+		Gw:        nexthopAddr,
+		Interface: nexthopIntf,
+	}, nil
+
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_bsd_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-//go:build !ios
+//go:build darwin || dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
 
-package routemanager
+package systemops
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/net/route"
 )
 
 var expectedVPNint = "utun100"
@@ -33,7 +34,9 @@ func init() {
 
 func TestConcurrentRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 	baseIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.0")
-	intf := "lo0"
+	intf := &net.Interface{Name: "lo0"}
+
+	r := NewSysOps(nil)
 
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	for i := 0; i < 1024; i++ {
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ func TestConcurrentRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 		go func(ip netip.Addr) {
 			defer wg.Done()
 			prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(ip, 32)
-			if err := addToRouteTable(prefix, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
+			if err := r.addToRouteTable(prefix, Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf}); err != nil {
 				t.Errorf("Failed to add route for %s: %v", prefix, err)
 			}
 		}(baseIP)
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@ func TestConcurrentRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 		go func(ip netip.Addr) {
 			defer wg.Done()
 			prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(ip, 32)
-			if err := removeFromRouteTable(prefix, netip.Addr{}, intf); err != nil {
+			if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(prefix, Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf}); err != nil {
 				t.Errorf("Failed to remove route for %s: %v", prefix, err)
 			}
 		}(baseIP)
@@ -67,6 +70,53 @@ func TestConcurrentRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 	wg.Wait()
 }
 
+func TestBits(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		addr    route.Addr
+		want    int
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "IPv4 all ones",
+			addr: &route.Inet4Addr{IP: [4]byte{255, 255, 255, 255}},
+			want: 32,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv4 normal mask",
+			addr: &route.Inet4Addr{IP: [4]byte{255, 255, 255, 0}},
+			want: 24,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6 all ones",
+			addr: &route.Inet6Addr{IP: [16]byte{255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255}},
+			want: 128,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6 normal mask",
+			addr: &route.Inet6Addr{IP: [16]byte{255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}},
+			want: 64,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Unsupported type",
+			addr:    &route.LinkAddr{},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := ones(tt.addr)
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				assert.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func createAndSetupDummyInterface(t *testing.T, intf string, ipAddressCIDR string) string {
 	t.Helper()
 

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic.go

@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	"github.com/libp2p/go-netroute"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/util"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/vars"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
+)
+
+var splitDefaultv4_1 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 1)
+var splitDefaultv4_2 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{128}), 1)
+var splitDefaultv6_1 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 1)
+var splitDefaultv6_2 = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{0x80}), 1)
+
+var ErrRoutingIsSeparate = errors.New("routing is separate")
+
+func (r *SysOps) setupRefCounter(initAddresses []net.IP) (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error) {
+	initialNextHopV4, err := GetNextHop(netip.IPv4Unspecified())
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, vars.ErrRouteNotFound) {
+		log.Errorf("Unable to get initial v4 default next hop: %v", err)
+	}
+	initialNextHopV6, err := GetNextHop(netip.IPv6Unspecified())
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, vars.ErrRouteNotFound) {
+		log.Errorf("Unable to get initial v6 default next hop: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	refCounter := refcounter.New(
+		func(prefix netip.Prefix, _ any) (Nexthop, error) {
+			initialNexthop := initialNextHopV4
+			if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+				initialNexthop = initialNextHopV6
+			}
+
+			nexthop, err := r.addRouteToNonVPNIntf(prefix, r.wgInterface, initialNexthop)
+			if errors.Is(err, vars.ErrRouteNotAllowed) || errors.Is(err, vars.ErrRouteNotFound) {
+				log.Tracef("Adding for prefix %s: %v", prefix, err)
+				// These errors are not critical but also we should not track and try to remove the routes either.
+				return nexthop, refcounter.ErrIgnore
+			}
+			return nexthop, err
+		},
+		r.removeFromRouteTable,
+	)
+
+	r.refCounter = refCounter
+
+	return r.setupHooks(initAddresses)
+}
+
+func (r *SysOps) cleanupRefCounter() error {
+	if r.refCounter == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// TODO: Remove hooks selectively
+	nbnet.RemoveDialerHooks()
+	nbnet.RemoveListenerHooks()
+
+	if err := r.refCounter.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("flush route manager: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// TODO: fix: for default our wg address now appears as the default gw
+func (r *SysOps) addRouteForCurrentDefaultGateway(prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	addr := netip.IPv4Unspecified()
+	if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+		addr = netip.IPv6Unspecified()
+	}
+
+	nexthop, err := GetNextHop(addr)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, vars.ErrRouteNotFound) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get existing route gateway: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if !prefix.Contains(nexthop.IP) {
+		log.Debugf("Skipping adding a new route for gateway %s because it is not in the network %s", nexthop.IP, prefix)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	gatewayPrefix := netip.PrefixFrom(nexthop.IP, 32)
+	if nexthop.IP.Is6() {
+		gatewayPrefix = netip.PrefixFrom(nexthop.IP, 128)
+	}
+
+	ok, err := existsInRouteTable(gatewayPrefix)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to check if there is an existing route for gateway %s. error: %s", gatewayPrefix, err)
+	}
+
+	if ok {
+		log.Debugf("Skipping adding a new route for gateway %s because it already exists", gatewayPrefix)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	nexthop, err = GetNextHop(nexthop.IP)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, vars.ErrRouteNotFound) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get the next hop for the default gateway address. error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("Adding a new route for gateway %s with next hop %s", gatewayPrefix, nexthop.IP)
+	return r.addToRouteTable(gatewayPrefix, nexthop)
+}
+
+// addRouteToNonVPNIntf adds a new route to the routing table for the given prefix and returns the next hop and interface.
+// If the next hop or interface is pointing to the VPN interface, it will return the initial values.
+func (r *SysOps) addRouteToNonVPNIntf(prefix netip.Prefix, vpnIntf *iface.WGIface, initialNextHop Nexthop) (Nexthop, error) {
+	addr := prefix.Addr()
+	switch {
+	case addr.IsLoopback(),
+		addr.IsLinkLocalUnicast(),
+		addr.IsLinkLocalMulticast(),
+		addr.IsInterfaceLocalMulticast(),
+		addr.IsUnspecified(),
+		addr.IsMulticast():
+
+		return Nexthop{}, vars.ErrRouteNotAllowed
+	}
+
+	// Determine the exit interface and next hop for the prefix, so we can add a specific route
+	nexthop, err := GetNextHop(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Nexthop{}, fmt.Errorf("get next hop: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("Found next hop %s for prefix %s with interface %v", nexthop.IP, prefix, nexthop.IP)
+	exitNextHop := Nexthop{
+		IP:   nexthop.IP,
+		Intf: nexthop.Intf,
+	}
+
+	vpnAddr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(vpnIntf.Address().IP)
+	if !ok {
+		return Nexthop{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to convert vpn address to netip.Addr")
+	}
+
+	// if next hop is the VPN address or the interface is the VPN interface, we should use the initial values
+	if exitNextHop.IP == vpnAddr || exitNextHop.Intf != nil && exitNextHop.Intf.Name == vpnIntf.Name() {
+		log.Debugf("Route for prefix %s is pointing to the VPN interface, using initial next hop %v", prefix, initialNextHop)
+
+		exitNextHop = initialNextHop
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("Adding a new route for prefix %s with next hop %s", prefix, exitNextHop.IP)
+	if err := r.addToRouteTable(prefix, exitNextHop); err != nil {
+		return Nexthop{}, fmt.Errorf("add route to table: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return exitNextHop, nil
+}
+
+// genericAddVPNRoute adds a new route to the vpn interface, it splits the default prefix
+// in two /1 prefixes to avoid replacing the existing default route
+func (r *SysOps) genericAddVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface) error {
+	nextHop := Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf}
+
+	if prefix == vars.Defaultv4 {
+		if err := r.addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv4_1, nextHop); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := r.addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv4_2, nextHop); err != nil {
+			if err2 := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv4_1, nextHop); err2 != nil {
+				log.Warnf("Failed to rollback route addition: %s", err2)
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// TODO: remove once IPv6 is supported on the interface
+		if err := r.addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add unreachable route split 1: %w", err)
+		}
+		if err := r.addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, nextHop); err != nil {
+			if err2 := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err2 != nil {
+				log.Warnf("Failed to rollback route addition: %s", err2)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("add unreachable route split 2: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	} else if prefix == vars.Defaultv6 {
+		if err := r.addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add unreachable route split 1: %w", err)
+		}
+		if err := r.addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, nextHop); err != nil {
+			if err2 := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err2 != nil {
+				log.Warnf("Failed to rollback route addition: %s", err2)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("add unreachable route split 2: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return r.addNonExistingRoute(prefix, intf)
+}
+
+// addNonExistingRoute adds a new route to the vpn interface if it doesn't exist in the current routing table
+func (r *SysOps) addNonExistingRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface) error {
+	ok, err := existsInRouteTable(prefix)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("exists in route table: %w", err)
+	}
+	if ok {
+		log.Warnf("Skipping adding a new route for network %s because it already exists", prefix)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ok, err = isSubRange(prefix)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sub range: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if ok {
+		if err := r.addRouteForCurrentDefaultGateway(prefix); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("Unable to add route for current default gateway route. Will proceed without it. error: %s", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return r.addToRouteTable(prefix, Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf})
+}
+
+// genericRemoveVPNRoute removes the route from the vpn interface. If a default prefix is given,
+// it will remove the split /1 prefixes
+func (r *SysOps) genericRemoveVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface) error {
+	nextHop := Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf}
+
+	if prefix == vars.Defaultv4 {
+		var result *multierror.Error
+		if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv4_1, nextHop); err != nil {
+			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
+		}
+		if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv4_2, nextHop); err != nil {
+			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
+		}
+
+		// TODO: remove once IPv6 is supported on the interface
+		if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err != nil {
+			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
+		}
+		if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, nextHop); err != nil {
+			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
+		}
+
+		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
+	} else if prefix == vars.Defaultv6 {
+		var result *multierror.Error
+		if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err != nil {
+			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
+		}
+		if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, nextHop); err != nil {
+			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
+		}
+
+		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
+	}
+
+	return r.removeFromRouteTable(prefix, nextHop)
+}
+
+func (r *SysOps) setupHooks(initAddresses []net.IP) (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error) {
+	beforeHook := func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID, ip net.IP) error {
+		prefix, err := util.GetPrefixFromIP(ip)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("convert ip to prefix: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if _, err := r.refCounter.IncrementWithID(string(connID), prefix, nil); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("adding route reference: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+	afterHook := func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID) error {
+		if err := r.refCounter.DecrementWithID(string(connID)); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove route reference: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	for _, ip := range initAddresses {
+		if err := beforeHook("init", ip); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Failed to add route reference: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	nbnet.AddDialerHook(func(ctx context.Context, connID nbnet.ConnectionID, resolvedIPs []net.IPAddr) error {
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+
+		var result *multierror.Error
+		for _, ip := range resolvedIPs {
+			result = multierror.Append(result, beforeHook(connID, ip.IP))
+		}
+		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
+	})
+
+	nbnet.AddDialerCloseHook(func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID, conn *net.Conn) error {
+		return afterHook(connID)
+	})
+
+	nbnet.AddListenerWriteHook(func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID, ip *net.IPAddr, data []byte) error {
+		return beforeHook(connID, ip.IP)
+	})
+
+	nbnet.AddListenerCloseHook(func(connID nbnet.ConnectionID, conn net.PacketConn) error {
+		return afterHook(connID)
+	})
+
+	return beforeHook, afterHook, nil
+}
+
+func GetNextHop(ip netip.Addr) (Nexthop, error) {
+	r, err := netroute.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Nexthop{}, fmt.Errorf("new netroute: %w", err)
+	}
+	intf, gateway, preferredSrc, err := r.Route(ip.AsSlice())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("Failed to get route for %s: %v", ip, err)
+		return Nexthop{}, vars.ErrRouteNotFound
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("Route for %s: interface %v nexthop %v, preferred source %v", ip, intf, gateway, preferredSrc)
+	if gateway == nil {
+		if runtime.GOOS == "freebsd" {
+			return Nexthop{Intf: intf}, nil
+		}
+
+		if preferredSrc == nil {
+			return Nexthop{}, vars.ErrRouteNotFound
+		}
+		log.Debugf("No next hop found for IP %s, using preferred source %s", ip, preferredSrc)
+
+		addr, err := ipToAddr(preferredSrc, intf)
+		if err != nil {
+			return Nexthop{}, fmt.Errorf("convert preferred source to address: %w", err)
+		}
+		return Nexthop{
+			IP:   addr,
+			Intf: intf,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	addr, err := ipToAddr(gateway, intf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Nexthop{}, fmt.Errorf("convert gateway to address: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return Nexthop{
+		IP:   addr,
+		Intf: intf,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// converts a net.IP to a netip.Addr including the zone based on the passed interface
+func ipToAddr(ip net.IP, intf *net.Interface) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
+	if !ok {
+		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to convert IP address to netip.Addr: %s", ip)
+	}
+
+	if intf != nil && (addr.IsLinkLocalMulticast() || addr.IsLinkLocalUnicast()) {
+		zone := intf.Name
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			zone = strconv.Itoa(intf.Index)
+		}
+		log.Tracef("Adding zone %s to address %s", zone, addr)
+		addr = addr.WithZone(zone)
+	}
+
+	return addr.Unmap(), nil
+}
+
+func existsInRouteTable(prefix netip.Prefix) (bool, error) {
+	routes, err := getRoutesFromTable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("get routes from table: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, tableRoute := range routes {
+		if tableRoute == prefix {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func isSubRange(prefix netip.Prefix) (bool, error) {
+	routes, err := getRoutesFromTable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("get routes from table: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, tableRoute := range routes {
+		if tableRoute.Bits() > vars.MinRangeBits && tableRoute.Contains(prefix.Addr()) && tableRoute.Bits() < prefix.Bits() {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+// IsAddrRouted checks if the candidate address would route to the vpn, in which case it returns true and the matched prefix.
+func IsAddrRouted(addr netip.Addr, vpnRoutes []netip.Prefix) (bool, netip.Prefix) {
+	localRoutes, err := hasSeparateRouting()
+	if err != nil {
+		if !errors.Is(err, ErrRoutingIsSeparate) {
+			log.Errorf("Failed to get routes: %v", err)
+		}
+		return false, netip.Prefix{}
+	}
+
+	return isVpnRoute(addr, vpnRoutes, localRoutes)
+}
+
+func isVpnRoute(addr netip.Addr, vpnRoutes []netip.Prefix, localRoutes []netip.Prefix) (bool, netip.Prefix) {
+	vpnPrefixMap := map[netip.Prefix]struct{}{}
+	for _, prefix := range vpnRoutes {
+		vpnPrefixMap[prefix] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	// remove vpnRoute duplicates
+	for _, prefix := range localRoutes {
+		delete(vpnPrefixMap, prefix)
+	}
+
+	var longestPrefix netip.Prefix
+	var isVpn bool
+
+	combinedRoutes := make([]netip.Prefix, len(vpnRoutes)+len(localRoutes))
+	copy(combinedRoutes, vpnRoutes)
+	copy(combinedRoutes[len(vpnRoutes):], localRoutes)
+
+	for _, prefix := range combinedRoutes {
+		// Ignore the default route, it has special handling
+		if prefix.Bits() == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if prefix.Contains(addr) {
+			// Longest prefix match
+			if !longestPrefix.IsValid() || prefix.Bits() > longestPrefix.Bits() {
+				longestPrefix = prefix
+				_, isVpn = vpnPrefixMap[prefix]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !longestPrefix.IsValid() {
+		// No route matched
+		return false, netip.Prefix{}
+	}
+
+	// Return true if the longest matching prefix is from vpnRoutes
+	return isVpn, longestPrefix
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //go:build !android && !ios
 
-package routemanager
+package systemops
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
@@ -49,25 +49,38 @@ func TestAddRemoveRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for n, testCase := range testCases {
+		// todo resolve test execution on freebsd
+		if runtime.GOOS == "freebsd" {
+			t.Skip("skipping ", testCase.name, " on freebsd")
+		}
 		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv("NB_DISABLE_ROUTE_CACHE", "true")
+
 			peerPrivateKey, _ := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
 			newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet()
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			wgInterface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(fmt.Sprintf("utun53%d", n), "100.65.75.2/24", 33100, peerPrivateKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil)
+			wgInterface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(fmt.Sprintf("utun53%d", n), "100.65.75.2/24", 33100, peerPrivateKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil, nil)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should create testing WGIface interface")
 			defer wgInterface.Close()
 
 			err = wgInterface.Create()
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should create testing wireguard interface")
-			_, _, err = setupRouting(nil, wgInterface)
+
+			r := NewSysOps(wgInterface)
+
+			_, _, err = r.SetupRouting(nil)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
-				assert.NoError(t, cleanupRouting())
+				assert.NoError(t, r.CleanupRouting())
 			})
 
-			err = genericAddVPNRoute(testCase.prefix, wgInterface.Name())
+			index, err := net.InterfaceByName(wgInterface.Name())
+			require.NoError(t, err, "InterfaceByName should not return err")
+			intf := &net.Interface{Index: index.Index, Name: wgInterface.Name()}
+
+			err = r.AddVPNRoute(testCase.prefix, intf)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "genericAddVPNRoute should not return err")
 
 			if testCase.shouldRouteToWireguard {
@@ -78,19 +91,19 @@ func TestAddRemoveRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 			exists, err := existsInRouteTable(testCase.prefix)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "existsInRouteTable should not return err")
 			if exists && testCase.shouldRouteToWireguard {
-				err = genericRemoveVPNRoute(testCase.prefix, wgInterface.Name())
+				err = r.RemoveVPNRoute(testCase.prefix, intf)
 				require.NoError(t, err, "genericRemoveVPNRoute should not return err")
 
-				prefixGateway, _, err := getNextHop(testCase.prefix.Addr())
+				prefixNexthop, err := GetNextHop(testCase.prefix.Addr())
-				require.NoError(t, err, "getNextHop should not return err")
+				require.NoError(t, err, "GetNextHop should not return err")
 
-				internetGateway, _, err := getNextHop(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.0"))
+				internetNexthop, err := GetNextHop(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.0"))
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 
 				if testCase.shouldBeRemoved {
-					require.Equal(t, internetGateway, prefixGateway, "route should be pointing to default internet gateway")
+					require.Equal(t, internetNexthop.IP, prefixNexthop.IP, "route should be pointing to default internet gateway")
 				} else {
-					require.NotEqual(t, internetGateway, prefixGateway, "route should be pointing to a different gateway than the internet gateway")
+					require.NotEqual(t, internetNexthop.IP, prefixNexthop.IP, "route should be pointing to a different gateway than the internet gateway")
 				}
 			}
 		})
@@ -98,11 +111,14 @@ func TestAddRemoveRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetNextHop(t *testing.T) {
-	gateway, _, err := getNextHop(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.0"))
+	if runtime.GOOS == "freebsd" {
+		t.Skip("skipping on freebsd")
+	}
+	nexthop, err := GetNextHop(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.0"))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("shouldn't return error when fetching the gateway: ", err)
 	}
-	if !gateway.IsValid() {
+	if !nexthop.IP.IsValid() {
 		t.Fatal("should return a gateway")
 	}
 	addresses, err := net.InterfaceAddrs()
@@ -124,24 +140,24 @@ func TestGetNextHop(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	localIP, _, err := getNextHop(testingPrefix.Addr())
+	localIP, err := GetNextHop(testingPrefix.Addr())
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("shouldn't return error: ", err)
 	}
-	if !localIP.IsValid() {
+	if !localIP.IP.IsValid() {
 		t.Fatal("should return a gateway for local network")
 	}
-	if localIP.String() == gateway.String() {
+	if localIP.IP.String() == nexthop.IP.String() {
-		t.Fatal("local ip should not match with gateway IP")
+		t.Fatal("local IP should not match with gateway IP")
 	}
-	if localIP.String() != testingIP {
+	if localIP.IP.String() != testingIP {
-		t.Fatalf("local ip should match with testing IP: want %s got %s", testingIP, localIP.String())
+		t.Fatalf("local IP should match with testing IP: want %s got %s", testingIP, localIP.IP.String())
 	}
 }
 
 func TestAddExistAndRemoveRoute(t *testing.T) {
-	defaultGateway, _, err := getNextHop(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.0"))
+	defaultNexthop, err := GetNextHop(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.0"))
-	t.Log("defaultGateway: ", defaultGateway)
+	t.Log("defaultNexthop: ", defaultNexthop)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("shouldn't return error when fetching the gateway: ", err)
 	}
@@ -158,7 +174,7 @@ func TestAddExistAndRemoveRoute(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "Should Not Add Route if overlaps with default gateway",
-			prefix:         netip.MustParsePrefix(defaultGateway.String() + "/31"),
+			prefix:         netip.MustParsePrefix(defaultNexthop.IP.String() + "/31"),
 			shouldAddRoute: false,
 		},
 		{
@@ -182,32 +198,42 @@ func TestAddExistAndRemoveRoute(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for n, testCase := range testCases {
+
 		var buf bytes.Buffer
 		log.SetOutput(&buf)
 		defer func() {
 			log.SetOutput(os.Stderr)
 		}()
 		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv("NB_USE_LEGACY_ROUTING", "true")
+			t.Setenv("NB_DISABLE_ROUTE_CACHE", "true")
+
 			peerPrivateKey, _ := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
 			newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet()
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			wgInterface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(fmt.Sprintf("utun53%d", n), "100.65.75.2/24", 33100, peerPrivateKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil)
+			wgInterface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(fmt.Sprintf("utun53%d", n), "100.65.75.2/24", 33100, peerPrivateKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil, nil)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should create testing WGIface interface")
 			defer wgInterface.Close()
 
 			err = wgInterface.Create()
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should create testing wireguard interface")
 
+			index, err := net.InterfaceByName(wgInterface.Name())
+			require.NoError(t, err, "InterfaceByName should not return err")
+			intf := &net.Interface{Index: index.Index, Name: wgInterface.Name()}
+
+			r := NewSysOps(wgInterface)
+
 			// Prepare the environment
 			if testCase.preExistingPrefix.IsValid() {
-				err := genericAddVPNRoute(testCase.preExistingPrefix, wgInterface.Name())
+				err := r.AddVPNRoute(testCase.preExistingPrefix, intf)
 				require.NoError(t, err, "should not return err when adding pre-existing route")
 			}
 
 			// Add the route
-			err = genericAddVPNRoute(testCase.prefix, wgInterface.Name())
+			err = r.AddVPNRoute(testCase.prefix, intf)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should not return err when adding route")
 
 			if testCase.shouldAddRoute {
@@ -217,7 +243,7 @@ func TestAddExistAndRemoveRoute(t *testing.T) {
 				require.True(t, ok, "route should exist")
 
 				// remove route again if added
-				err = genericRemoveVPNRoute(testCase.prefix, wgInterface.Name())
+				err = r.RemoveVPNRoute(testCase.prefix, intf)
 				require.NoError(t, err, "should not return err")
 			}
 
@@ -281,19 +307,22 @@ func TestExistsInRouteTable(t *testing.T) {
 	var addressPrefixes []netip.Prefix
 	for _, address := range addresses {
 		p := netip.MustParsePrefix(address.String())
-		if p.Addr().Is6() {
-			continue
-		}
-		// Windows sometimes has hidden interface link local addrs that don't turn up on any interface
-		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && p.Addr().IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
-			continue
-		}
-		// Linux loopback 127/8 is in the local table, not in the main table and always takes precedence
-		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" && p.Addr().IsLoopback() {
-			continue
-		}
 
-		addressPrefixes = append(addressPrefixes, p.Masked())
+		switch {
+		case p.Addr().Is6():
+			continue
+		// Windows sometimes has hidden interface link local addrs that don't turn up on any interface
+		case runtime.GOOS == "windows" && p.Addr().IsLinkLocalUnicast():
+			continue
+		// Linux loopback 127/8 is in the local table, not in the main table and always takes precedence
+		case runtime.GOOS == "linux" && p.Addr().IsLoopback():
+			continue
+		// FreeBSD loopback 127/8 is not added to the routing table
+		case runtime.GOOS == "freebsd" && p.Addr().IsLoopback():
+			continue
+		default:
+			addressPrefixes = append(addressPrefixes, p.Masked())
+		}
 	}
 
 	for _, prefix := range addressPrefixes {
@@ -316,7 +345,7 @@ func createWGInterface(t *testing.T, interfaceName, ipAddressCIDR string, listen
 	newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	wgInterface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(interfaceName, ipAddressCIDR, listenPort, peerPrivateKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil)
+	wgInterface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(interfaceName, ipAddressCIDR, listenPort, peerPrivateKey.String(), iface.DefaultMTU, newNet, nil, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "should create testing WireGuard interface")
 
 	err = wgInterface.Create()
@@ -329,61 +358,52 @@ func createWGInterface(t *testing.T, interfaceName, ipAddressCIDR string, listen
 	return wgInterface
 }
 
+func setupRouteAndCleanup(t *testing.T, r *SysOps, prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	err := r.AddVPNRoute(prefix, intf)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "addVPNRoute should not return err")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		err = r.RemoveVPNRoute(prefix, intf)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "removeVPNRoute should not return err")
+	})
+}
+
 func setupTestEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	setupDummyInterfacesAndRoutes(t)
 
-	wgIface := createWGInterface(t, expectedVPNint, "100.64.0.1/24", 51820)
+	wgInterface := createWGInterface(t, expectedVPNint, "100.64.0.1/24", 51820)
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		assert.NoError(t, wgIface.Close())
+		assert.NoError(t, wgInterface.Close())
 	})
 
-	_, _, err := setupRouting(nil, wgIface)
+	r := NewSysOps(wgInterface)
+	_, _, err := r.SetupRouting(nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "setupRouting should not return err")
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		assert.NoError(t, cleanupRouting())
+		assert.NoError(t, r.CleanupRouting())
 	})
 
+	index, err := net.InterfaceByName(wgInterface.Name())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "InterfaceByName should not return err")
+	intf := &net.Interface{Index: index.Index, Name: wgInterface.Name()}
+
 	// default route exists in main table and vpn table
-	err = addVPNRoute(netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), wgIface.Name())
+	setupRouteAndCleanup(t, r, netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), intf)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "addVPNRoute should not return err")
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		err = removeVPNRoute(netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), wgIface.Name())
-		assert.NoError(t, err, "removeVPNRoute should not return err")
-	})
 
 	// 10.0.0.0/8 route exists in main table and vpn table
-	err = addVPNRoute(netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"), wgIface.Name())
+	setupRouteAndCleanup(t, r, netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"), intf)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "addVPNRoute should not return err")
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		err = removeVPNRoute(netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"), wgIface.Name())
-		assert.NoError(t, err, "removeVPNRoute should not return err")
-	})
 
 	// 10.10.0.0/24 more specific route exists in vpn table
-	err = addVPNRoute(netip.MustParsePrefix("10.10.0.0/24"), wgIface.Name())
+	setupRouteAndCleanup(t, r, netip.MustParsePrefix("10.10.0.0/24"), intf)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "addVPNRoute should not return err")
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		err = removeVPNRoute(netip.MustParsePrefix("10.10.0.0/24"), wgIface.Name())
-		assert.NoError(t, err, "removeVPNRoute should not return err")
-	})
 
 	// 127.0.10.0/24 more specific route exists in vpn table
-	err = addVPNRoute(netip.MustParsePrefix("127.0.10.0/24"), wgIface.Name())
+	setupRouteAndCleanup(t, r, netip.MustParsePrefix("127.0.10.0/24"), intf)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "addVPNRoute should not return err")
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		err = removeVPNRoute(netip.MustParsePrefix("127.0.10.0/24"), wgIface.Name())
-		assert.NoError(t, err, "removeVPNRoute should not return err")
-	})
 
 	// unique route in vpn table
-	err = addVPNRoute(netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/12"), wgIface.Name())
+	setupRouteAndCleanup(t, r, netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/12"), intf)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "addVPNRoute should not return err")
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		err = removeVPNRoute(netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/12"), wgIface.Name())
-		assert.NoError(t, err, "removeVPNRoute should not return err")
-	})
 }
 
 func assertWGOutInterface(t *testing.T, prefix netip.Prefix, wgIface *iface.WGIface, invert bool) {
@@ -392,11 +412,133 @@ func assertWGOutInterface(t *testing.T, prefix netip.Prefix, wgIface *iface.WGIf
 		return
 	}
 
-	prefixGateway, _, err := getNextHop(prefix.Addr())
+	prefixNexthop, err := GetNextHop(prefix.Addr())
-	require.NoError(t, err, "getNextHop should not return err")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "GetNextHop should not return err")
 	if invert {
-		assert.NotEqual(t, wgIface.Address().IP.String(), prefixGateway.String(), "route should not point to wireguard interface IP")
+		assert.NotEqual(t, wgIface.Address().IP.String(), prefixNexthop.IP.String(), "route should not point to wireguard interface IP")
 	} else {
-		assert.Equal(t, wgIface.Address().IP.String(), prefixGateway.String(), "route should point to wireguard interface IP")
+		assert.Equal(t, wgIface.Address().IP.String(), prefixNexthop.IP.String(), "route should point to wireguard interface IP")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsVpnRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		addr           string
+		vpnRoutes      []string
+		localRoutes    []string
+		expectedVpn    bool
+		expectedPrefix netip.Prefix
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "Match in VPN routes",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    true,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Match in local routes",
+			addr:           "10.1.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "No match",
+			addr:           "172.16.0.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.Prefix{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Default route ignored",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"0.0.0.0/0", "192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    true,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Default route matches but ignored",
+			addr:           "172.16.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"0.0.0.0/0", "192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.Prefix{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Longest prefix match local",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Longest prefix match local multiple",
+			addr:           "192.168.0.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16", "192.168.0.0/25", "192.168.0.0/27"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/24", "192.168.0.0/26", "192.168.0.0/28"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/28"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Longest prefix match vpn",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/16"},
+			expectedVpn:    true,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Longest prefix match vpn multiple",
+			addr:           "192.168.0.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16", "192.168.0.0/25", "192.168.0.0/27"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/24", "192.168.0.0/26"},
+			expectedVpn:    true,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/27"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Duplicate prefix in both",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(tt.addr)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address %s: %v", tt.addr, err)
+			}
+
+			var vpnRoutes, localRoutes []netip.Prefix
+			for _, route := range tt.vpnRoutes {
+				prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(route)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Failed to parse VPN route %s: %v", route, err)
+				}
+				vpnRoutes = append(vpnRoutes, prefix)
+			}
+
+			for _, route := range tt.localRoutes {
+				prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(route)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Failed to parse local route %s: %v", route, err)
+				}
+				localRoutes = append(localRoutes, prefix)
+			}
+
+			isVpn, matchedPrefix := isVpnRoute(addr, vpnRoutes, localRoutes)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedVpn, isVpn, "isVpnRoute should return expectedVpn value")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedPrefix, matchedPrefix, "isVpnRoute should return expectedVpn prefix")
+		})
 	}
 }

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //go:build !android
 
-package routemanager
+package systemops
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
@@ -9,16 +9,15 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/sysctl"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/vars"
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
 )
 
@@ -33,22 +32,13 @@ const (
 
 	// ipv4ForwardingPath is the path to the file containing the IP forwarding setting.
 	ipv4ForwardingPath = "net.ipv4.ip_forward"
-
-	rpFilterPath          = "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter"
-	rpFilterInterfacePath = "net.ipv4.conf.%s.rp_filter"
-	srcValidMarkPath      = "net.ipv4.conf.all.src_valid_mark"
 )
 
 var ErrTableIDExists = errors.New("ID exists with different name")
 
-var routeManager = &RouteManager{}
-
 // originalSysctl stores the original sysctl values before they are modified
 var originalSysctl map[string]int
 
-// determines whether to use the legacy routing setup
-var isLegacy = os.Getenv("NB_USE_LEGACY_ROUTING") == "true" || nbnet.CustomRoutingDisabled()
-
 // sysctlFailed is used as an indicator to emit a warning when default routes are configured
 var sysctlFailed bool
 
@@ -62,6 +52,20 @@ type ruleParams struct {
 	description    string
 }
 
+// isLegacy determines whether to use the legacy routing setup
+func isLegacy() bool {
+	return os.Getenv("NB_USE_LEGACY_ROUTING") == "true" || nbnet.CustomRoutingDisabled()
+}
+
+// setIsLegacy sets the legacy routing setup
+func setIsLegacy(b bool) {
+	if b {
+		os.Setenv("NB_USE_LEGACY_ROUTING", "true")
+	} else {
+		os.Unsetenv("NB_USE_LEGACY_ROUTING")
+	}
+}
+
 func getSetupRules() []ruleParams {
 	return []ruleParams{
 		{100, -1, syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN, netlink.FAMILY_V4, false, 0, "rule with suppress prefixlen v4"},
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ func getSetupRules() []ruleParams {
 	}
 }
 
-// setupRouting establishes the routing configuration for the VPN, including essential rules
+// SetupRouting establishes the routing configuration for the VPN, including essential rules
 // to ensure proper traffic flow for management, locally configured routes, and VPN traffic.
 //
 // Rule 1 (Main Route Precedence): Safeguards locally installed routes by giving them precedence over
@@ -81,17 +85,17 @@ func getSetupRules() []ruleParams {
 // Rule 2 (VPN Traffic Routing): Directs all remaining traffic to the 'NetbirdVPNTableID' custom routing table.
 // This table is where a default route or other specific routes received from the management server are configured,
 // enabling VPN connectivity.
-func setupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP, wgIface *iface.WGIface) (_ peer.BeforeAddPeerHookFunc, _ peer.AfterRemovePeerHookFunc, err error) {
+func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP) (_ nbnet.AddHookFunc, _ nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, err error) {
-	if isLegacy {
+	if isLegacy() {
 		log.Infof("Using legacy routing setup")
-		return setupRoutingWithRouteManager(&routeManager, initAddresses, wgIface)
+		return r.setupRefCounter(initAddresses)
 	}
 
 	if err = addRoutingTableName(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("Error adding routing table name: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	originalValues, err := setupSysctl(wgIface)
+	originalValues, err := sysctl.Setup(r.wgInterface)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("Error setting up sysctl: %v", err)
 		sysctlFailed = true
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ func setupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP, wgIface *iface.WGIface) (_ peer.Before
 
 	defer func() {
 		if err != nil {
-			if cleanErr := cleanupRouting(); cleanErr != nil {
+			if cleanErr := r.CleanupRouting(); cleanErr != nil {
 				log.Errorf("Error cleaning up routing: %v", cleanErr)
 			}
 		}
@@ -111,8 +115,8 @@ func setupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP, wgIface *iface.WGIface) (_ peer.Before
 		if err := addRule(rule); err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, syscall.EOPNOTSUPP) {
 				log.Warnf("Rule operations are not supported, falling back to the legacy routing setup")
-				isLegacy = true
+				setIsLegacy(true)
-				return setupRoutingWithRouteManager(&routeManager, initAddresses, wgIface)
+				return r.setupRefCounter(initAddresses)
 			}
 			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", rule.description, err)
 		}
@@ -121,12 +125,12 @@ func setupRouting(initAddresses []net.IP, wgIface *iface.WGIface) (_ peer.Before
 	return nil, nil, nil
 }
 
-// cleanupRouting performs a thorough cleanup of the routing configuration established by 'setupRouting'.
+// CleanupRouting performs a thorough cleanup of the routing configuration established by 'setupRouting'.
 // It systematically removes the three rules and any associated routing table entries to ensure a clean state.
 // The function uses error aggregation to report any errors encountered during the cleanup process.
-func cleanupRouting() error {
+func (r *SysOps) CleanupRouting() error {
-	if isLegacy {
+	if isLegacy() {
-		return cleanupRoutingWithRouteManager(routeManager)
+		return r.cleanupRefCounter()
 	}
 
 	var result *multierror.Error
@@ -145,58 +149,58 @@ func cleanupRouting() error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if err := cleanupSysctl(originalSysctl); err != nil {
+	if err := sysctl.Cleanup(originalSysctl); err != nil {
 		result = multierror.Append(result, fmt.Errorf("cleanup sysctl: %w", err))
 	}
 	originalSysctl = nil
 	sysctlFailed = false
 
-	return result.ErrorOrNil()
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
 }
 
-func addToRouteTable(prefix netip.Prefix, nexthop netip.Addr, intf string) error {
+func (r *SysOps) addToRouteTable(prefix netip.Prefix, nexthop Nexthop) error {
-	return addRoute(prefix, nexthop, intf, syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN)
+	return addRoute(prefix, nexthop, syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN)
 }
 
-func removeFromRouteTable(prefix netip.Prefix, nexthop netip.Addr, intf string) error {
+func (r *SysOps) removeFromRouteTable(prefix netip.Prefix, nexthop Nexthop) error {
-	return removeRoute(prefix, nexthop, intf, syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN)
+	return removeRoute(prefix, nexthop, syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN)
 }
 
-func addVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf string) error {
+func (r *SysOps) AddVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface) error {
-	if isLegacy {
+	if isLegacy() {
-		return genericAddVPNRoute(prefix, intf)
+		return r.genericAddVPNRoute(prefix, intf)
 	}
 
-	if sysctlFailed && (prefix == defaultv4 || prefix == defaultv6) {
+	if sysctlFailed && (prefix == vars.Defaultv4 || prefix == vars.Defaultv6) {
 		log.Warnf("Default route is configured but sysctl operations failed, VPN traffic may not be routed correctly, consider using NB_USE_LEGACY_ROUTING=true or setting net.ipv4.conf.*.rp_filter to 2 (loose) or 0 (off)")
 	}
 
 	// No need to check if routes exist as main table takes precedence over the VPN table via Rule 1
 
 	// TODO remove this once we have ipv6 support
-	if prefix == defaultv4 {
+	if prefix == vars.Defaultv4 {
-		if err := addUnreachableRoute(defaultv6, NetbirdVPNTableID); err != nil {
+		if err := addUnreachableRoute(vars.Defaultv6, NetbirdVPNTableID); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("add blackhole: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
-	if err := addRoute(prefix, netip.Addr{}, intf, NetbirdVPNTableID); err != nil {
+	if err := addRoute(prefix, Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf}, NetbirdVPNTableID); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add route: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func removeVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf string) error {
+func (r *SysOps) RemoveVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface) error {
-	if isLegacy {
+	if isLegacy() {
-		return genericRemoveVPNRoute(prefix, intf)
+		return r.genericRemoveVPNRoute(prefix, intf)
 	}
 
 	// TODO remove this once we have ipv6 support
-	if prefix == defaultv4 {
+	if prefix == vars.Defaultv4 {
-		if err := removeUnreachableRoute(defaultv6, NetbirdVPNTableID); err != nil {
+		if err := removeUnreachableRoute(vars.Defaultv6, NetbirdVPNTableID); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("remove unreachable route: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
-	if err := removeRoute(prefix, netip.Addr{}, intf, NetbirdVPNTableID); err != nil {
+	if err := removeRoute(prefix, Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf}, NetbirdVPNTableID); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("remove route: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -244,7 +248,7 @@ func getRoutes(tableID, family int) ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
 }
 
 // addRoute adds a route to a specific routing table identified by tableID.
-func addRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, addr netip.Addr, intf string, tableID int) error {
+func addRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, nexthop Nexthop, tableID int) error {
 	route := &netlink.Route{
 		Scope:  netlink.SCOPE_UNIVERSE,
 		Table:  tableID,
@@ -257,7 +261,7 @@ func addRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, addr netip.Addr, intf string, tableID int) er
 	}
 	route.Dst = ipNet
 
-	if err := addNextHop(addr, intf, route); err != nil {
+	if err := addNextHop(nexthop, route); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add gateway and device: %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -304,7 +308,10 @@ func removeUnreachableRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, tableID int) error {
 		Dst:    ipNet,
 	}
 
-	if err := netlink.RouteDel(route); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) && !errors.Is(err, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT) {
+	if err := netlink.RouteDel(route); err != nil &&
+		!errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) &&
+		!errors.Is(err, syscall.ENOENT) &&
+		!errors.Is(err, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("netlink remove unreachable route: %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -313,7 +320,7 @@ func removeUnreachableRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, tableID int) error {
 }
 
 // removeRoute removes a route from a specific routing table identified by tableID.
-func removeRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, addr netip.Addr, intf string, tableID int) error {
+func removeRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, nexthop Nexthop, tableID int) error {
 	_, ipNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(prefix.String())
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("parse prefix %s: %w", prefix, err)
@@ -326,7 +333,7 @@ func removeRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, addr netip.Addr, intf string, tableID int)
 		Dst:    ipNet,
 	}
 
-	if err := addNextHop(addr, intf, route); err != nil {
+	if err := addNextHop(nexthop, route); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add gateway and device: %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -359,11 +366,11 @@ func flushRoutes(tableID, family int) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return result.ErrorOrNil()
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
 }
 
-func enableIPForwarding() error {
+func EnableIPForwarding() error {
-	_, err := setSysctl(ipv4ForwardingPath, 1, false)
+	_, err := sysctl.Set(ipv4ForwardingPath, 1, false)
 	return err
 }
 
@@ -467,20 +474,22 @@ func removeRule(params ruleParams) error {
 }
 
 // addNextHop adds the gateway and device to the route.
-func addNextHop(addr netip.Addr, intf string, route *netlink.Route) error {
+func addNextHop(nexthop Nexthop, route *netlink.Route) error {
-	if addr.IsValid() {
+	if nexthop.Intf != nil {
-		route.Gw = addr.AsSlice()
+		route.LinkIndex = nexthop.Intf.Index
-		if intf == "" {
-			intf = addr.Zone()
-		}
 	}
 
-	if intf != "" {
+	if nexthop.IP.IsValid() {
-		link, err := netlink.LinkByName(intf)
+		route.Gw = nexthop.IP.AsSlice()
-		if err != nil {
+
-			return fmt.Errorf("set interface %s: %w", intf, err)
+		// if zone is set, it means the gateway is a link-local address, so we set the link index
+		if nexthop.IP.Zone() != "" && nexthop.Intf == nil {
+			link, err := netlink.LinkByName(nexthop.IP.Zone())
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("get link by name for zone %s: %w", nexthop.IP.Zone(), err)
+			}
+			route.LinkIndex = link.Attrs().Index
 		}
-		route.LinkIndex = link.Attrs().Index
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -493,82 +502,9 @@ func getAddressFamily(prefix netip.Prefix) int {
 	return netlink.FAMILY_V6
 }
 
-// setupSysctl configures sysctl settings for RP filtering and source validation.
+func hasSeparateRouting() ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
-func setupSysctl(wgIface *iface.WGIface) (map[string]int, error) {
+	if isLegacy() {
-	keys := map[string]int{}
+		return getRoutesFromTable()
-	var result *multierror.Error
-
-	oldVal, err := setSysctl(srcValidMarkPath, 1, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		result = multierror.Append(result, err)
-	} else {
-		keys[srcValidMarkPath] = oldVal
 	}
-
+	return nil, ErrRoutingIsSeparate
-	oldVal, err = setSysctl(rpFilterPath, 2, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		result = multierror.Append(result, err)
-	} else {
-		keys[rpFilterPath] = oldVal
-	}
-
-	interfaces, err := net.Interfaces()
-	if err != nil {
-		result = multierror.Append(result, fmt.Errorf("list interfaces: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	for _, intf := range interfaces {
-		if intf.Name == "lo" || wgIface != nil && intf.Name == wgIface.Name() {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		i := fmt.Sprintf(rpFilterInterfacePath, intf.Name)
-		oldVal, err := setSysctl(i, 2, true)
-		if err != nil {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
-		} else {
-			keys[i] = oldVal
-		}
-	}
-
-	return keys, result.ErrorOrNil()
-}
-
-// setSysctl sets a sysctl configuration, if onlyIfOne is true it will only set the new value if it's set to 1
-func setSysctl(key string, desiredValue int, onlyIfOne bool) (int, error) {
-	path := fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/%s", strings.ReplaceAll(key, ".", "/"))
-	currentValue, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return -1, fmt.Errorf("read sysctl %s: %w", key, err)
-	}
-
-	currentV, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(string(currentValue)))
-	if err != nil && len(currentValue) > 0 {
-		return -1, fmt.Errorf("convert current desiredValue to int: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if currentV == desiredValue || onlyIfOne && currentV != 1 {
-		return currentV, nil
-	}
-
-	//nolint:gosec
-	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(strconv.Itoa(desiredValue)), 0644); err != nil {
-		return currentV, fmt.Errorf("write sysctl %s: %w", key, err)
-	}
-	log.Debugf("Set sysctl %s from %d to %d", key, currentV, desiredValue)
-
-	return currentV, nil
-}
-
-func cleanupSysctl(originalSettings map[string]int) error {
-	var result *multierror.Error
-
-	for key, value := range originalSettings {
-		_, err := setSysctl(key, value, false)
-		if err != nil {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return result.ErrorOrNil()
 }

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //go:build !android
 
-package routemanager
+package systemops
 
 import (
 	"errors"
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/vars"
 )
 
 var expectedVPNint = "wgtest0"
@@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ func addDummyRoute(t *testing.T, dstCIDR string, gw net.IP, intf string) {
 	if dstIPNet.String() == "0.0.0.0/0" {
 		var err error
 		originalNexthop, originalLinkIndex, err = fetchOriginalGateway(netlink.FAMILY_V4)
-		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrRouteNotFound) {
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, vars.ErrRouteNotFound) {
 			t.Logf("Failed to fetch original gateway: %v", err)
 		}
 
@@ -193,7 +195,7 @@ func fetchOriginalGateway(family int) (net.IP, int, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return nil, 0, ErrRouteNotFound
+	return nil, 0, vars.ErrRouteNotFound
 }
 
 func setupDummyInterfacesAndRoutes(t *testing.T) {

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_mobile.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//go:build ios || android
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"runtime"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/net"
+)
+
+func (r *SysOps) SetupRouting([]net.IP) (nbnet.AddHookFunc, nbnet.RemoveHookFunc, error) {
+	return nil, nil, nil
+}
+
+func (r *SysOps) CleanupRouting() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *SysOps) AddVPNRoute(netip.Prefix, *net.Interface) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *SysOps) RemoveVPNRoute(netip.Prefix, *net.Interface) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func EnableIPForwarding() error {
+	log.Infof("Enable IP forwarding is not implemented on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func IsAddrRouted(netip.Addr, []netip.Prefix) (bool, netip.Prefix) {
+	return false, netip.Prefix{}
+}

client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_nonlinux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//go:build !linux && !ios
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"runtime"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+func (r *SysOps) AddVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface) error {
+	return r.genericAddVPNRoute(prefix, intf)
+}
+
+func (r *SysOps) RemoveVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface) error {
+	return r.genericRemoveVPNRoute(prefix, intf)
+}
+
+func EnableIPForwarding() error {
+	log.Infof("Enable IP forwarding is not implemented on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func hasSeparateRouting() ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
+	return getRoutesFromTable()
+}