refactor components creation

count local vs idp users if embedded

.github/workflows/golang-test-freebsd.yml

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
             # check all component except management, since we do not support management server on freebsd
             time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./base62/...
             # NOTE: without -p1 `client/internal/dns` will fail because of `listen udp4 :33100: bind: address already in use`
-            time go test -timeout 8m -failfast -p 1 ./client/...
+            time go test -timeout 8m -failfast -v -p 1 ./client/...
             time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./dns/...
             time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./encryption/...
             time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./formatter/...

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ on:
   pull_request:
 
 env:
-  SIGN_PIPE_VER: "v0.0.23"
+  SIGN_PIPE_VER: "v0.1.0"
   GORELEASER_VER: "v2.3.2"
   PRODUCT_NAME: "NetBird"
   COPYRIGHT: "NetBird GmbH"
@@ -19,6 +19,100 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
+  release_freebsd_port:
+    name: "FreeBSD Port / Build & Test"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Generate FreeBSD port diff
+        run: bash release_files/freebsd-port-diff.sh
+
+      - name: Generate FreeBSD port issue body
+        run: bash release_files/freebsd-port-issue-body.sh
+
+      - name: Check if diff was generated
+        id: check_diff
+        run: |
+          if ls netbird-*.diff 1> /dev/null 2>&1; then
+            echo "diff_exists=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          else
+            echo "diff_exists=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "No diff file generated (port may already be up to date)"
+          fi
+
+      - name: Extract version
+        if: steps.check_diff.outputs.diff_exists == 'true'
+        id: version
+        run: |
+          VERSION=$(ls netbird-*.diff | sed 's/netbird-\(.*\)\.diff/\1/')
+          echo "version=$VERSION" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "Generated files for version: $VERSION"
+          cat netbird-*.diff
+
+      - name: Test FreeBSD port
+        if: steps.check_diff.outputs.diff_exists == 'true'
+        uses: vmactions/freebsd-vm@v1
+        with:
+          usesh: true
+          copyback: false
+          release: "15.0"
+          prepare: |
+            # Install required packages
+            pkg install -y git curl portlint go
+
+            # Install Go for building
+            GO_TARBALL="go1.24.10.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz"
+            GO_URL="https://go.dev/dl/$GO_TARBALL"
+            curl -LO "$GO_URL"
+            tar -C /usr/local -xzf "$GO_TARBALL"
+
+            # Clone ports tree (shallow, only what we need)
+            git clone --depth 1 --filter=blob:none https://git.FreeBSD.org/ports.git /usr/ports
+            cd /usr/ports
+
+          run: |
+            set -e -x
+            export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
+
+            # Find the diff file
+            echo "Finding diff file..."
+            DIFF_FILE=$(find $PWD -name "netbird-*.diff" -type f 2>/dev/null | head -1)
+            echo "Found: $DIFF_FILE"
+
+            if [[ -z "$DIFF_FILE" ]]; then
+              echo "ERROR: Could not find diff file"
+              find ~ -name "*.diff" -type f 2>/dev/null || true
+              exit 1
+            fi
+
+            # Apply the generated diff from /usr/ports (diff has a/security/netbird/... paths)
+            cd /usr/ports
+            patch -p1 -V none < "$DIFF_FILE"
+
+            # Show patched Makefile
+            version=$(cat security/netbird/Makefile | grep -E '^DISTVERSION=' | awk '{print $NF}')
+            
+            cd /usr/ports/security/netbird
+            export BATCH=yes
+            make package
+            pkg add ./work/pkg/netbird-*.pkg
+            
+            netbird version | grep "$version"
+
+            echo "FreeBSD port test completed successfully!"
+
+      - name: Upload FreeBSD port files
+        if: steps.check_diff.outputs.diff_exists == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: freebsd-port-files
+          path: |
+            ./netbird-*-issue.txt
+            ./netbird-*.diff
+          retention-days: 30
+
   release:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest-m
     env:

.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml

@@ -243,6 +243,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: infrastructure_files/artifacts
         run: |
           sleep 30
+          docker compose logs
           docker compose exec management ls -l /var/lib/netbird/ | grep -i GeoLite2-City_[0-9]*.mmdb
           docker compose exec management ls -l /var/lib/netbird/ | grep -i geonames_[0-9]*.db
 

.gitignore

@@ -31,3 +31,4 @@ infrastructure_files/setup-*.env
 .DS_Store
 vendor/
 /netbird
+client/netbird-electron/

.goreleaser.yaml

@@ -713,8 +713,10 @@ checksum:
   extra_files:
     - glob: ./infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
     - glob: ./release_files/install.sh
+    - glob: ./infrastructure_files/getting-started.sh
 
 release:
   extra_files:
     - glob: ./infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
     - glob: ./release_files/install.sh
+    - glob: ./infrastructure_files/getting-started.sh

README.md

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Follow the [Advanced guide with a custom identity provider](https://docs.netbird
 
 **Infrastructure requirements:**
 - A Linux VM with at least **1CPU** and **2GB** of memory.
-- The VM should be publicly accessible on TCP ports **80** and **443** and UDP ports: **3478**, **49152-65535**.
+- The VM should be publicly accessible on TCP ports **80** and **443** and UDP port: **3478**.
 - **Public domain** name pointing to the VM.
 
 **Software requirements:**
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ Follow the [Advanced guide with a custom identity provider](https://docs.netbird
 **Steps**
 - Download and run the installation script:
 ```bash
-export NETBIRD_DOMAIN=netbird.example.com; curl -fsSL https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases/latest/download/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh | bash
+export NETBIRD_DOMAIN=netbird.example.com; curl -fsSL https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases/latest/download/getting-started.sh | bash
 ```
 - Once finished, you can manage the resources via `docker-compose`
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ export NETBIRD_DOMAIN=netbird.example.com; curl -fsSL https://github.com/netbird
 [Coturn](https://github.com/coturn/coturn) is the one that has been successfully used for STUN and TURN in NetBird setups.
 
 <p float="left" align="middle">
-  <img src="https://docs.netbird.io/docs-static/img/architecture/high-level-dia.png" width="700"/>
+  <img src="https://docs.netbird.io/docs-static/img/about-netbird/high-level-dia.png" width="700"/>
 </p>
 
 See a complete [architecture overview](https://docs.netbird.io/about-netbird/how-netbird-works#architecture) for details.

client/android/client.go

@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ func init() {
 
 // Client struct manage the life circle of background service
 type Client struct {
-	cfgFile               string
 	tunAdapter            device.TunAdapter
 	iFaceDiscover         IFaceDiscover
 	recorder              *peer.Status
@@ -68,18 +67,16 @@ type Client struct {
 	deviceName            string
 	uiVersion             string
 	networkChangeListener listener.NetworkChangeListener
-	stateFile             string
 
 	connectClient *internal.ConnectClient
 }
 
 // NewClient instantiate a new Client
-func NewClient(platformFiles PlatformFiles, androidSDKVersion int, deviceName string, uiVersion string, tunAdapter TunAdapter, iFaceDiscover IFaceDiscover, networkChangeListener NetworkChangeListener) *Client {
+func NewClient(androidSDKVersion int, deviceName string, uiVersion string, tunAdapter TunAdapter, iFaceDiscover IFaceDiscover, networkChangeListener NetworkChangeListener) *Client {
 	execWorkaround(androidSDKVersion)
 
 	net.SetAndroidProtectSocketFn(tunAdapter.ProtectSocket)
 	return &Client{
-		cfgFile:               platformFiles.ConfigurationFilePath(),
 		deviceName:            deviceName,
 		uiVersion:             uiVersion,
 		tunAdapter:            tunAdapter,
@@ -87,15 +84,20 @@ func NewClient(platformFiles PlatformFiles, androidSDKVersion int, deviceName st
 		recorder:              peer.NewRecorder(""),
 		ctxCancelLock:         &sync.Mutex{},
 		networkChangeListener: networkChangeListener,
-		stateFile:             platformFiles.StateFilePath(),
 	}
 }
 
 // Run start the internal client. It is a blocker function
-func (c *Client) Run(urlOpener URLOpener, isAndroidTV bool, dns *DNSList, dnsReadyListener DnsReadyListener, envList *EnvList) error {
+func (c *Client) Run(platformFiles PlatformFiles, urlOpener URLOpener, isAndroidTV bool, dns *DNSList, dnsReadyListener DnsReadyListener, envList *EnvList) error {
 	exportEnvList(envList)
+
+	cfgFile := platformFiles.ConfigurationFilePath()
+	stateFile := platformFiles.StateFilePath()
+
+	log.Infof("Starting client with config: %s, state: %s", cfgFile, stateFile)
+
 	cfg, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-		ConfigPath: c.cfgFile,
+		ConfigPath: cfgFile,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -122,16 +124,22 @@ func (c *Client) Run(urlOpener URLOpener, isAndroidTV bool, dns *DNSList, dnsRea
 
 	// todo do not throw error in case of cancelled context
 	ctx = internal.CtxInitState(ctx)
-	c.connectClient = internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder)
-	return c.connectClient.RunOnAndroid(c.tunAdapter, c.iFaceDiscover, c.networkChangeListener, slices.Clone(dns.items), dnsReadyListener, c.stateFile)
+	c.connectClient = internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder, false)
+	return c.connectClient.RunOnAndroid(c.tunAdapter, c.iFaceDiscover, c.networkChangeListener, slices.Clone(dns.items), dnsReadyListener, stateFile)
 }
 
 // RunWithoutLogin we apply this type of run function when the backed has been started without UI (i.e. after reboot).
 // In this case make no sense handle registration steps.
-func (c *Client) RunWithoutLogin(dns *DNSList, dnsReadyListener DnsReadyListener, envList *EnvList) error {
+func (c *Client) RunWithoutLogin(platformFiles PlatformFiles, dns *DNSList, dnsReadyListener DnsReadyListener, envList *EnvList) error {
 	exportEnvList(envList)
+
+	cfgFile := platformFiles.ConfigurationFilePath()
+	stateFile := platformFiles.StateFilePath()
+
+	log.Infof("Starting client without login with config: %s, state: %s", cfgFile, stateFile)
+
 	cfg, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-		ConfigPath: c.cfgFile,
+		ConfigPath: cfgFile,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -149,8 +157,8 @@ func (c *Client) RunWithoutLogin(dns *DNSList, dnsReadyListener DnsReadyListener
 
 	// todo do not throw error in case of cancelled context
 	ctx = internal.CtxInitState(ctx)
-	c.connectClient = internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder)
-	return c.connectClient.RunOnAndroid(c.tunAdapter, c.iFaceDiscover, c.networkChangeListener, slices.Clone(dns.items), dnsReadyListener, c.stateFile)
+	c.connectClient = internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder, false)
+	return c.connectClient.RunOnAndroid(c.tunAdapter, c.iFaceDiscover, c.networkChangeListener, slices.Clone(dns.items), dnsReadyListener, stateFile)
 }
 
 // Stop the internal client and free the resources

client/android/profile_manager.go

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+//go:build android
+
+package android
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Android-specific config filename (different from desktop default.json)
+	defaultConfigFilename = "netbird.cfg"
+	// Subdirectory for non-default profiles (must match Java Preferences.java)
+	profilesSubdir = "profiles"
+	// Android uses a single user context per app (non-empty username required by ServiceManager)
+	androidUsername = "android"
+)
+
+// Profile represents a profile for gomobile
+type Profile struct {
+	Name     string
+	IsActive bool
+}
+
+// ProfileArray wraps profiles for gomobile compatibility
+type ProfileArray struct {
+	items []*Profile
+}
+
+// Length returns the number of profiles
+func (p *ProfileArray) Length() int {
+	return len(p.items)
+}
+
+// Get returns the profile at index i
+func (p *ProfileArray) Get(i int) *Profile {
+	if i < 0 || i >= len(p.items) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return p.items[i]
+}
+
+/*
+
+/data/data/io.netbird.client/files/           ← configDir parameter
+├── netbird.cfg                                 ← Default profile config
+├── state.json                                  ← Default profile state
+├── active_profile.json                         ← Active profile tracker (JSON with Name + Username)
+└── profiles/                                   ← Subdirectory for non-default profiles
+    ├── work.json                              ← Work profile config
+    ├── work.state.json                        ← Work profile state
+    ├── personal.json                          ← Personal profile config
+    └── personal.state.json                    ← Personal profile state
+*/
+
+// ProfileManager manages profiles for Android
+// It wraps the internal profilemanager to provide Android-specific behavior
+type ProfileManager struct {
+	configDir  string
+	serviceMgr *profilemanager.ServiceManager
+}
+
+// NewProfileManager creates a new profile manager for Android
+func NewProfileManager(configDir string) *ProfileManager {
+	// Set the default config path for Android (stored in root configDir, not profiles/)
+	defaultConfigPath := filepath.Join(configDir, defaultConfigFilename)
+
+	// Set global paths for Android
+	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir = configDir
+	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = defaultConfigPath
+	profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = filepath.Join(configDir, "active_profile.json")
+
+	// Create ServiceManager with profiles/ subdirectory
+	// This avoids modifying the global ConfigDirOverride for profile listing
+	profilesDir := filepath.Join(configDir, profilesSubdir)
+	serviceMgr := profilemanager.NewServiceManagerWithProfilesDir(defaultConfigPath, profilesDir)
+
+	return &ProfileManager{
+		configDir:  configDir,
+		serviceMgr: serviceMgr,
+	}
+}
+
+// ListProfiles returns all available profiles
+func (pm *ProfileManager) ListProfiles() (*ProfileArray, error) {
+	// Use ServiceManager (looks in profiles/ directory, checks active_profile.json for IsActive)
+	internalProfiles, err := pm.serviceMgr.ListProfiles(androidUsername)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list profiles: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Convert internal profiles to Android Profile type
+	var profiles []*Profile
+	for _, p := range internalProfiles {
+		profiles = append(profiles, &Profile{
+			Name:     p.Name,
+			IsActive: p.IsActive,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return &ProfileArray{items: profiles}, nil
+}
+
+// GetActiveProfile returns the currently active profile name
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveProfile() (string, error) {
+	// Use ServiceManager to stay consistent with ListProfiles
+	// ServiceManager uses active_profile.json
+	activeState, err := pm.serviceMgr.GetActiveProfileState()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile: %w", err)
+	}
+	return activeState.Name, nil
+}
+
+// SwitchProfile switches to a different profile
+func (pm *ProfileManager) SwitchProfile(profileName string) error {
+	// Use ServiceManager to stay consistent with ListProfiles
+	// ServiceManager uses active_profile.json
+	err := pm.serviceMgr.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
+		Name:     profileName,
+		Username: androidUsername,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to switch profile: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("switched to profile: %s", profileName)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// AddProfile creates a new profile
+func (pm *ProfileManager) AddProfile(profileName string) error {
+	// Use ServiceManager (creates profile in profiles/ directory)
+	if err := pm.serviceMgr.AddProfile(profileName, androidUsername); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to add profile: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("created new profile: %s", profileName)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// LogoutProfile logs out from a profile (clears authentication)
+func (pm *ProfileManager) LogoutProfile(profileName string) error {
+	profileName = sanitizeProfileName(profileName)
+
+	configPath, err := pm.getProfileConfigPath(profileName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Check if profile exists
+	if _, err := os.Stat(configPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("profile '%s' does not exist", profileName)
+	}
+
+	// Read current config using internal profilemanager
+	config, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read profile config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Clear authentication by removing private key and SSH key
+	config.PrivateKey = ""
+	config.SSHKey = ""
+
+	// Save config using internal profilemanager
+	if err := profilemanager.WriteOutConfig(configPath, config); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("logged out from profile: %s", profileName)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveProfile deletes a profile
+func (pm *ProfileManager) RemoveProfile(profileName string) error {
+	// Use ServiceManager (removes profile from profiles/ directory)
+	if err := pm.serviceMgr.RemoveProfile(profileName, androidUsername); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove profile: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("removed profile: %s", profileName)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getProfileConfigPath returns the config file path for a profile
+// This is needed for Android-specific path handling (netbird.cfg for default profile)
+func (pm *ProfileManager) getProfileConfigPath(profileName string) (string, error) {
+	if profileName == "" || profileName == profilemanager.DefaultProfileName {
+		// Android uses netbird.cfg for default profile instead of default.json
+		// Default profile is stored in root configDir, not in profiles/
+		return filepath.Join(pm.configDir, defaultConfigFilename), nil
+	}
+
+	// Non-default profiles are stored in profiles subdirectory
+	// This matches the Java Preferences.java expectation
+	profileName = sanitizeProfileName(profileName)
+	profilesDir := filepath.Join(pm.configDir, profilesSubdir)
+	return filepath.Join(profilesDir, profileName+".json"), nil
+}
+
+// GetConfigPath returns the config file path for a given profile
+// Java should call this instead of constructing paths with Preferences.configFile()
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetConfigPath(profileName string) (string, error) {
+	return pm.getProfileConfigPath(profileName)
+}
+
+// GetStateFilePath returns the state file path for a given profile
+// Java should call this instead of constructing paths with Preferences.stateFile()
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetStateFilePath(profileName string) (string, error) {
+	if profileName == "" || profileName == profilemanager.DefaultProfileName {
+		return filepath.Join(pm.configDir, "state.json"), nil
+	}
+
+	profileName = sanitizeProfileName(profileName)
+	profilesDir := filepath.Join(pm.configDir, profilesSubdir)
+	return filepath.Join(profilesDir, profileName+".state.json"), nil
+}
+
+// GetActiveConfigPath returns the config file path for the currently active profile
+// Java should call this instead of Preferences.getActiveProfileName() + Preferences.configFile()
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveConfigPath() (string, error) {
+	activeProfile, err := pm.GetActiveProfile()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile: %w", err)
+	}
+	return pm.GetConfigPath(activeProfile)
+}
+
+// GetActiveStateFilePath returns the state file path for the currently active profile
+// Java should call this instead of Preferences.getActiveProfileName() + Preferences.stateFile()
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveStateFilePath() (string, error) {
+	activeProfile, err := pm.GetActiveProfile()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile: %w", err)
+	}
+	return pm.GetStateFilePath(activeProfile)
+}
+
+// sanitizeProfileName removes invalid characters from profile name
+func sanitizeProfileName(name string) string {
+	// Keep only alphanumeric, underscore, and hyphen
+	var result strings.Builder
+	for _, r := range name {
+		if (r >= 'a' && r <= 'z') || (r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z') ||
+			(r >= '0' && r <= '9') || r == '_' || r == '-' {
+			result.WriteRune(r)
+		}
+	}
+	return result.String()
+}

client/cmd/root.go

@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ var (
 
 // Execute executes the root command.
 func Execute() error {
+	if isUpdateBinary() {
+		return updateCmd.Execute()
+	}
 	return rootCmd.Execute()
 }
 

client/cmd/signer/artifactkey.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager/reposign"
+)
+
+var (
+	bundlePubKeysRootPrivKeyFile string
+	bundlePubKeysPubKeyFiles     []string
+	bundlePubKeysFile            string
+
+	createArtifactKeyRootPrivKeyFile string
+	createArtifactKeyPrivKeyFile     string
+	createArtifactKeyPubKeyFile      string
+	createArtifactKeyExpiration      time.Duration
+)
+
+var createArtifactKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "create-artifact-key",
+	Short: "Create a new artifact signing key",
+	Long: `Generate a new artifact signing key pair signed by the root private key.
+The artifact key will be used to sign software artifacts/updates.`,
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		if createArtifactKeyExpiration <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("--expiration must be a positive duration (e.g., 720h, 365d, 8760h)")
+		}
+
+		if err := handleCreateArtifactKey(cmd, createArtifactKeyRootPrivKeyFile, createArtifactKeyPrivKeyFile, createArtifactKeyPubKeyFile, createArtifactKeyExpiration); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create artifact key: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+var bundlePubKeysCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "bundle-pub-keys",
+	Short: "Bundle multiple artifact public keys into a signed package",
+	Long: `Bundle one or more artifact public keys into a signed package using the root private key.
+This command is typically used to distribute or authorize a set of valid artifact signing keys.`,
+	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		if len(bundlePubKeysPubKeyFiles) == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("at least one --artifact-pub-key-file must be provided")
+		}
+
+		if err := handleBundlePubKeys(cmd, bundlePubKeysRootPrivKeyFile, bundlePubKeysPubKeyFiles, bundlePubKeysFile); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to bundle public keys: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+func init() {
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(createArtifactKeyCmd)
+
+	createArtifactKeyCmd.Flags().StringVar(&createArtifactKeyRootPrivKeyFile, "root-private-key-file", "", "Path to the root private key file used to sign the artifact key")
+	createArtifactKeyCmd.Flags().StringVar(&createArtifactKeyPrivKeyFile, "artifact-priv-key-file", "", "Path where the artifact private key will be saved")
+	createArtifactKeyCmd.Flags().StringVar(&createArtifactKeyPubKeyFile, "artifact-pub-key-file", "", "Path where the artifact public key will be saved")
+	createArtifactKeyCmd.Flags().DurationVar(&createArtifactKeyExpiration, "expiration", 0, "Expiration duration for the artifact key (e.g., 720h, 365d, 8760h)")
+
+	if err := createArtifactKeyCmd.MarkFlagRequired("root-private-key-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark root-private-key-file as required: %w", err))
+	}
+	if err := createArtifactKeyCmd.MarkFlagRequired("artifact-priv-key-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark artifact-priv-key-file as required: %w", err))
+	}
+	if err := createArtifactKeyCmd.MarkFlagRequired("artifact-pub-key-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark artifact-pub-key-file as required: %w", err))
+	}
+	if err := createArtifactKeyCmd.MarkFlagRequired("expiration"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark expiration as required: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(bundlePubKeysCmd)
+
+	bundlePubKeysCmd.Flags().StringVar(&bundlePubKeysRootPrivKeyFile, "root-private-key-file", "", "Path to the root private key file used to sign the bundle")
+	bundlePubKeysCmd.Flags().StringArrayVar(&bundlePubKeysPubKeyFiles, "artifact-pub-key-file", nil, "Path(s) to the artifact public key files to include in the bundle (can be repeated)")
+	bundlePubKeysCmd.Flags().StringVar(&bundlePubKeysFile, "bundle-pub-key-file", "", "Path where the public keys will be saved")
+
+	if err := bundlePubKeysCmd.MarkFlagRequired("root-private-key-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark root-private-key-file as required: %w", err))
+	}
+	if err := bundlePubKeysCmd.MarkFlagRequired("artifact-pub-key-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark artifact-pub-key-file as required: %w", err))
+	}
+	if err := bundlePubKeysCmd.MarkFlagRequired("bundle-pub-key-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark bundle-pub-key-file as required: %w", err))
+	}
+}
+
+func handleCreateArtifactKey(cmd *cobra.Command, rootPrivKeyFile, artifactPrivKeyFile, artifactPubKeyFile string, expiration time.Duration) error {
+	cmd.Println("Creating new artifact signing key...")
+
+	privKeyPEM, err := os.ReadFile(rootPrivKeyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read root private key file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	privateRootKey, err := reposign.ParseRootKey(privKeyPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse private root key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	artifactKey, privPEM, pubPEM, signature, err := reposign.GenerateArtifactKey(privateRootKey, expiration)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("generate artifact key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(artifactPrivKeyFile, privPEM, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write private key file (%s): %w", artifactPrivKeyFile, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(artifactPubKeyFile, pubPEM, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write public key file (%s): %w", artifactPubKeyFile, err)
+	}
+
+	signatureFile := artifactPubKeyFile + ".sig"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(signatureFile, signature, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write signature file (%s): %w", signatureFile, err)
+	}
+
+	cmd.Printf("✅ Artifact key created successfully.\n")
+	cmd.Printf("%s\n", artifactKey.String())
+	return nil
+}
+
+func handleBundlePubKeys(cmd *cobra.Command, rootPrivKeyFile string, artifactPubKeyFiles []string, bundlePubKeysFile string) error {
+	cmd.Println("📦 Bundling public keys into signed package...")
+
+	privKeyPEM, err := os.ReadFile(rootPrivKeyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read root private key file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	privateRootKey, err := reposign.ParseRootKey(privKeyPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse private root key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	publicKeys := make([]reposign.PublicKey, 0, len(artifactPubKeyFiles))
+	for _, pubFile := range artifactPubKeyFiles {
+		pubPem, err := os.ReadFile(pubFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("read public key file: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		pk, err := reposign.ParseArtifactPubKey(pubPem)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse artifact key: %w", err)
+		}
+		publicKeys = append(publicKeys, pk)
+	}
+
+	parsedKeys, signature, err := reposign.BundleArtifactKeys(privateRootKey, publicKeys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("bundle artifact keys: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(bundlePubKeysFile, parsedKeys, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write public keys file (%s): %w", bundlePubKeysFile, err)
+	}
+
+	signatureFile := bundlePubKeysFile + ".sig"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(signatureFile, signature, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write signature file (%s): %w", signatureFile, err)
+	}
+
+	cmd.Printf("✅ Bundle created with %d public keys.\n", len(artifactPubKeyFiles))
+	return nil
+}

client/cmd/signer/artifactsign.go

@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager/reposign"
+)
+
+const (
+	envArtifactPrivateKey = "NB_ARTIFACT_PRIV_KEY"
+)
+
+var (
+	signArtifactPrivKeyFile  string
+	signArtifactArtifactFile string
+
+	verifyArtifactPubKeyFile    string
+	verifyArtifactFile          string
+	verifyArtifactSignatureFile string
+
+	verifyArtifactKeyPubKeyFile     string
+	verifyArtifactKeyRootPubKeyFile string
+	verifyArtifactKeySignatureFile  string
+	verifyArtifactKeyRevocationFile string
+)
+
+var signArtifactCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "sign-artifact",
+	Short: "Sign an artifact using an artifact private key",
+	Long: `Sign a software artifact (e.g., update bundle or binary) using the artifact's private key.
+This command produces a detached signature that can be verified using the corresponding artifact public key.`,
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		if err := handleSignArtifact(cmd, signArtifactPrivKeyFile, signArtifactArtifactFile); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to sign artifact: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+var verifyArtifactCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:          "verify-artifact",
+	Short:        "Verify an artifact signature using an artifact public key",
+	Long:         `Verify a software artifact signature using the artifact's public key.`,
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		if err := handleVerifyArtifact(cmd, verifyArtifactPubKeyFile, verifyArtifactFile, verifyArtifactSignatureFile); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to verify artifact: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+var verifyArtifactKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "verify-artifact-key",
+	Short: "Verify an artifact public key was signed by a root key",
+	Long: `Verify that an artifact public key (or bundle) was properly signed by a root key.
+This validates the chain of trust from the root key to the artifact key.`,
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		if err := handleVerifyArtifactKey(cmd, verifyArtifactKeyPubKeyFile, verifyArtifactKeyRootPubKeyFile, verifyArtifactKeySignatureFile, verifyArtifactKeyRevocationFile); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to verify artifact key: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+func init() {
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(signArtifactCmd)
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(verifyArtifactCmd)
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(verifyArtifactKeyCmd)
+
+	signArtifactCmd.Flags().StringVar(&signArtifactPrivKeyFile, "artifact-key-file", "", fmt.Sprintf("Path to the artifact private key file used for signing (or set %s env var)", envArtifactPrivateKey))
+	signArtifactCmd.Flags().StringVar(&signArtifactArtifactFile, "artifact-file", "", "Path to the artifact to be signed")
+
+	// artifact-file is required, but artifact-key-file can come from env var
+	if err := signArtifactCmd.MarkFlagRequired("artifact-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark artifact-file as required: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	verifyArtifactCmd.Flags().StringVar(&verifyArtifactPubKeyFile, "artifact-public-key-file", "", "Path to the artifact public key file")
+	verifyArtifactCmd.Flags().StringVar(&verifyArtifactFile, "artifact-file", "", "Path to the artifact to be verified")
+	verifyArtifactCmd.Flags().StringVar(&verifyArtifactSignatureFile, "signature-file", "", "Path to the signature file")
+
+	if err := verifyArtifactCmd.MarkFlagRequired("artifact-public-key-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark artifact-public-key-file as required: %w", err))
+	}
+	if err := verifyArtifactCmd.MarkFlagRequired("artifact-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark artifact-file as required: %w", err))
+	}
+	if err := verifyArtifactCmd.MarkFlagRequired("signature-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark signature-file as required: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	verifyArtifactKeyCmd.Flags().StringVar(&verifyArtifactKeyPubKeyFile, "artifact-key-file", "", "Path to the artifact public key file or bundle")
+	verifyArtifactKeyCmd.Flags().StringVar(&verifyArtifactKeyRootPubKeyFile, "root-key-file", "", "Path to the root public key file or bundle")
+	verifyArtifactKeyCmd.Flags().StringVar(&verifyArtifactKeySignatureFile, "signature-file", "", "Path to the signature file")
+	verifyArtifactKeyCmd.Flags().StringVar(&verifyArtifactKeyRevocationFile, "revocation-file", "", "Path to the revocation list file (optional)")
+
+	if err := verifyArtifactKeyCmd.MarkFlagRequired("artifact-key-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark artifact-key-file as required: %w", err))
+	}
+	if err := verifyArtifactKeyCmd.MarkFlagRequired("root-key-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark root-key-file as required: %w", err))
+	}
+	if err := verifyArtifactKeyCmd.MarkFlagRequired("signature-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("mark signature-file as required: %w", err))
+	}
+}
+
+func handleSignArtifact(cmd *cobra.Command, privKeyFile, artifactFile string) error {
+	cmd.Println("🖋️  Signing artifact...")
+
+	// Load private key from env var or file
+	var privKeyPEM []byte
+	var err error
+
+	if envKey := os.Getenv(envArtifactPrivateKey); envKey != "" {
+		// Use key from environment variable
+		privKeyPEM = []byte(envKey)
+	} else if privKeyFile != "" {
+		// Fall back to file
+		privKeyPEM, err = os.ReadFile(privKeyFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("read private key file: %w", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		return fmt.Errorf("artifact private key must be provided via %s environment variable or --artifact-key-file flag", envArtifactPrivateKey)
+	}
+
+	privateKey, err := reposign.ParseArtifactKey(privKeyPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse artifact private key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	artifactData, err := os.ReadFile(artifactFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read artifact file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	signature, err := reposign.SignData(privateKey, artifactData)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sign artifact: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	sigFile := artifactFile + ".sig"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(artifactFile+".sig", signature, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write signature file (%s): %w", sigFile, err)
+	}
+
+	cmd.Printf("✅ Artifact signed successfully.\n")
+	cmd.Printf("Signature file: %s\n", sigFile)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func handleVerifyArtifact(cmd *cobra.Command, pubKeyFile, artifactFile, signatureFile string) error {
+	cmd.Println("🔍 Verifying artifact...")
+
+	// Read artifact public key
+	pubKeyPEM, err := os.ReadFile(pubKeyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read public key file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	publicKey, err := reposign.ParseArtifactPubKey(pubKeyPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse artifact public key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Read artifact data
+	artifactData, err := os.ReadFile(artifactFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read artifact file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Read signature
+	sigBytes, err := os.ReadFile(signatureFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read signature file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	signature, err := reposign.ParseSignature(sigBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse signature: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Validate artifact
+	if err := reposign.ValidateArtifact([]reposign.PublicKey{publicKey}, artifactData, *signature); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("artifact verification failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cmd.Println("✅ Artifact signature is valid")
+	cmd.Printf("Artifact: %s\n", artifactFile)
+	cmd.Printf("Signed by key: %s\n", signature.KeyID)
+	cmd.Printf("Signature timestamp: %s\n", signature.Timestamp.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05 MST"))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func handleVerifyArtifactKey(cmd *cobra.Command, artifactKeyFile, rootKeyFile, signatureFile, revocationFile string) error {
+	cmd.Println("🔍 Verifying artifact key...")
+
+	// Read artifact key data
+	artifactKeyData, err := os.ReadFile(artifactKeyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read artifact key file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Read root public key(s)
+	rootKeyData, err := os.ReadFile(rootKeyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read root key file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	rootPublicKeys, err := parseRootPublicKeys(rootKeyData)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse root public key(s): %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Read signature
+	sigBytes, err := os.ReadFile(signatureFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read signature file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	signature, err := reposign.ParseSignature(sigBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse signature: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Read optional revocation list
+	var revocationList *reposign.RevocationList
+	if revocationFile != "" {
+		revData, err := os.ReadFile(revocationFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("read revocation file: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		revocationList, err = reposign.ParseRevocationList(revData)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse revocation list: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Validate artifact key(s)
+	validKeys, err := reposign.ValidateArtifactKeys(rootPublicKeys, artifactKeyData, *signature, revocationList)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("artifact key verification failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cmd.Println("✅ Artifact key(s) verified successfully")
+	cmd.Printf("Signed by root key: %s\n", signature.KeyID)
+	cmd.Printf("Signature timestamp: %s\n", signature.Timestamp.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05 MST"))
+	cmd.Printf("\nValid artifact keys (%d):\n", len(validKeys))
+	for i, key := range validKeys {
+		cmd.Printf("  [%d] Key ID: %s\n", i+1, key.Metadata.ID)
+		cmd.Printf("      Created: %s\n", key.Metadata.CreatedAt.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05 MST"))
+		if !key.Metadata.ExpiresAt.IsZero() {
+			cmd.Printf("      Expires: %s\n", key.Metadata.ExpiresAt.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05 MST"))
+		} else {
+			cmd.Printf("      Expires: Never\n")
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// parseRootPublicKeys parses a root public key from PEM data
+func parseRootPublicKeys(data []byte) ([]reposign.PublicKey, error) {
+	key, err := reposign.ParseRootPublicKey(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return []reposign.PublicKey{key}, nil
+}

client/cmd/signer/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "signer",
+	Short: "A CLI tool for managing cryptographic keys and artifacts",
+	Long: `signer is a command-line tool that helps you manage
+root keys, artifact keys, and revocation lists securely.`,
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		rootCmd.Println(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}

client/cmd/signer/revocation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager/reposign"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultRevocationListExpiration = 365 * 24 * time.Hour // 1 year
+)
+
+var (
+	keyID              string
+	revocationListFile string
+	privateRootKeyFile string
+	publicRootKeyFile  string
+	signatureFile      string
+	expirationDuration time.Duration
+)
+
+var createRevocationListCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:          "create-revocation-list",
+	Short:        "Create a new revocation list signed by the private root key",
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		return handleCreateRevocationList(cmd, revocationListFile, privateRootKeyFile)
+	},
+}
+
+var extendRevocationListCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:          "extend-revocation-list",
+	Short:        "Extend an existing revocation list with a given key ID",
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		return handleExtendRevocationList(cmd, keyID, revocationListFile, privateRootKeyFile)
+	},
+}
+
+var verifyRevocationListCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:          "verify-revocation-list",
+	Short:        "Verify a revocation list signature using the public root key",
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		return handleVerifyRevocationList(cmd, revocationListFile, signatureFile, publicRootKeyFile)
+	},
+}
+
+func init() {
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(createRevocationListCmd)
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(extendRevocationListCmd)
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(verifyRevocationListCmd)
+
+	createRevocationListCmd.Flags().StringVar(&revocationListFile, "revocation-list-file", "", "Path to the existing revocation list file")
+	createRevocationListCmd.Flags().StringVar(&privateRootKeyFile, "private-root-key", "", "Path to the private root key PEM file")
+	createRevocationListCmd.Flags().DurationVar(&expirationDuration, "expiration", defaultRevocationListExpiration, "Expiration duration for the revocation list (e.g., 8760h for 1 year)")
+	if err := createRevocationListCmd.MarkFlagRequired("revocation-list-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := createRevocationListCmd.MarkFlagRequired("private-root-key"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	extendRevocationListCmd.Flags().StringVar(&keyID, "key-id", "", "ID of the key to extend the revocation list for")
+	extendRevocationListCmd.Flags().StringVar(&revocationListFile, "revocation-list-file", "", "Path to the existing revocation list file")
+	extendRevocationListCmd.Flags().StringVar(&privateRootKeyFile, "private-root-key", "", "Path to the private root key PEM file")
+	extendRevocationListCmd.Flags().DurationVar(&expirationDuration, "expiration", defaultRevocationListExpiration, "Expiration duration for the revocation list (e.g., 8760h for 1 year)")
+	if err := extendRevocationListCmd.MarkFlagRequired("key-id"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := extendRevocationListCmd.MarkFlagRequired("revocation-list-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := extendRevocationListCmd.MarkFlagRequired("private-root-key"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	verifyRevocationListCmd.Flags().StringVar(&revocationListFile, "revocation-list-file", "", "Path to the revocation list file")
+	verifyRevocationListCmd.Flags().StringVar(&signatureFile, "signature-file", "", "Path to the signature file")
+	verifyRevocationListCmd.Flags().StringVar(&publicRootKeyFile, "public-root-key", "", "Path to the public root key PEM file")
+	if err := verifyRevocationListCmd.MarkFlagRequired("revocation-list-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := verifyRevocationListCmd.MarkFlagRequired("signature-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := verifyRevocationListCmd.MarkFlagRequired("public-root-key"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func handleCreateRevocationList(cmd *cobra.Command, revocationListFile string, privateRootKeyFile string) error {
+	privKeyPEM, err := os.ReadFile(privateRootKeyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read private root key file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	privateRootKey, err := reposign.ParseRootKey(privKeyPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse private root key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	rlBytes, sigBytes, err := reposign.CreateRevocationList(*privateRootKey, expirationDuration)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create revocation list: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := writeOutputFiles(revocationListFile, revocationListFile+".sig", rlBytes, sigBytes); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write output files: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cmd.Println("✅ Revocation list created successfully")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func handleExtendRevocationList(cmd *cobra.Command, keyID, revocationListFile, privateRootKeyFile string) error {
+	privKeyPEM, err := os.ReadFile(privateRootKeyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read private root key file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	privateRootKey, err := reposign.ParseRootKey(privKeyPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse private root key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	rlBytes, err := os.ReadFile(revocationListFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read revocation list file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	rl, err := reposign.ParseRevocationList(rlBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse revocation list: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	kid, err := reposign.ParseKeyID(keyID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid key ID: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	newRLBytes, sigBytes, err := reposign.ExtendRevocationList(*privateRootKey, *rl, kid, expirationDuration)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to extend revocation list: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := writeOutputFiles(revocationListFile, revocationListFile+".sig", newRLBytes, sigBytes); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write output files: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cmd.Println("✅ Revocation list extended successfully")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func handleVerifyRevocationList(cmd *cobra.Command, revocationListFile, signatureFile, publicRootKeyFile string) error {
+	// Read revocation list file
+	rlBytes, err := os.ReadFile(revocationListFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read revocation list file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Read signature file
+	sigBytes, err := os.ReadFile(signatureFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read signature file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Read public root key file
+	pubKeyPEM, err := os.ReadFile(publicRootKeyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read public root key file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Parse public root key
+	publicKey, err := reposign.ParseRootPublicKey(pubKeyPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse public root key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Parse signature
+	signature, err := reposign.ParseSignature(sigBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse signature: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Validate revocation list
+	rl, err := reposign.ValidateRevocationList([]reposign.PublicKey{publicKey}, rlBytes, *signature)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to validate revocation list: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Display results
+	cmd.Println("✅ Revocation list signature is valid")
+	cmd.Printf("Last Updated: %s\n", rl.LastUpdated.Format(time.RFC3339))
+	cmd.Printf("Expires At: %s\n", rl.ExpiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339))
+	cmd.Printf("Number of revoked keys: %d\n", len(rl.Revoked))
+
+	if len(rl.Revoked) > 0 {
+		cmd.Println("\nRevoked Keys:")
+		for keyID, revokedTime := range rl.Revoked {
+			cmd.Printf("  - %s (revoked at: %s)\n", keyID, revokedTime.Format(time.RFC3339))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func writeOutputFiles(rlPath, sigPath string, rlBytes, sigBytes []byte) error {
+	if err := os.WriteFile(rlPath, rlBytes, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write revocation list file: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(sigPath, sigBytes, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write signature file: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

client/cmd/signer/rootkey.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager/reposign"
+)
+
+var (
+	privKeyFile    string
+	pubKeyFile     string
+	rootExpiration time.Duration
+)
+
+var createRootKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:          "create-root-key",
+	Short:        "Create a new root key pair",
+	Long:         `Create a new root key pair and specify an expiration time for it.`,
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		// Validate expiration
+		if rootExpiration <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("--expiration must be a positive duration (e.g., 720h, 365d, 8760h)")
+		}
+
+		// Run main logic
+		if err := handleGenerateRootKey(cmd, privKeyFile, pubKeyFile, rootExpiration); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate root key: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+func init() {
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(createRootKeyCmd)
+	createRootKeyCmd.Flags().StringVar(&privKeyFile, "priv-key-file", "", "Path to output private key file")
+	createRootKeyCmd.Flags().StringVar(&pubKeyFile, "pub-key-file", "", "Path to output public key file")
+	createRootKeyCmd.Flags().DurationVar(&rootExpiration, "expiration", 0, "Expiration time for the root key (e.g., 720h,)")
+
+	if err := createRootKeyCmd.MarkFlagRequired("priv-key-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := createRootKeyCmd.MarkFlagRequired("pub-key-file"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := createRootKeyCmd.MarkFlagRequired("expiration"); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func handleGenerateRootKey(cmd *cobra.Command, privKeyFile, pubKeyFile string, expiration time.Duration) error {
+	rk, privPEM, pubPEM, err := reposign.GenerateRootKey(expiration)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("generate root key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Write private key
+	if err := os.WriteFile(privKeyFile, privPEM, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write private key file (%s): %w", privKeyFile, err)
+	}
+
+	// Write public key
+	if err := os.WriteFile(pubKeyFile, pubPEM, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write public key file (%s): %w", pubKeyFile, err)
+	}
+
+	cmd.Printf("%s\n\n", rk.String())
+	cmd.Printf("✅ Root key pair generated successfully.\n")
+	return nil
+}

client/cmd/ssh.go

@@ -634,7 +634,11 @@ func parseAndStartLocalForward(ctx context.Context, c *sshclient.Client, forward
 		return err
 	}
 
-	cmd.Printf("Local port forwarding: %s -> %s\n", localAddr, remoteAddr)
+	if err := validateDestinationPort(remoteAddr); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid remote address: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("Local port forwarding: %s -> %s", localAddr, remoteAddr)
 
 	go func() {
 		if err := c.LocalPortForward(ctx, localAddr, remoteAddr); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
@@ -652,7 +656,11 @@ func parseAndStartRemoteForward(ctx context.Context, c *sshclient.Client, forwar
 		return err
 	}
 
-	cmd.Printf("Remote port forwarding: %s -> %s\n", remoteAddr, localAddr)
+	if err := validateDestinationPort(localAddr); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid local address: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("Remote port forwarding: %s -> %s", remoteAddr, localAddr)
 
 	go func() {
 		if err := c.RemotePortForward(ctx, remoteAddr, localAddr); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
@@ -663,6 +671,35 @@ func parseAndStartRemoteForward(ctx context.Context, c *sshclient.Client, forwar
 	return nil
 }
 
+// validateDestinationPort checks that the destination address has a valid port.
+// Port 0 is only valid for bind addresses (where the OS picks an available port),
+// not for destination addresses where we need to connect.
+func validateDestinationPort(addr string) error {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(addr, "/") || strings.HasPrefix(addr, "./") {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	_, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse address %s: %w", addr, err)
+	}
+
+	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid port %s: %w", portStr, err)
+	}
+
+	if port == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("port 0 is not valid for destination address")
+	}
+
+	if port < 0 || port > 65535 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("port %d out of range (1-65535)", port)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // parsePortForwardSpec parses port forward specifications like "8080:localhost:80" or "[::1]:8080:localhost:80".
 // Also supports Unix sockets like "8080:/tmp/socket" or "127.0.0.1:8080:/tmp/socket".
 func parsePortForwardSpec(spec string) (string, string, error) {

client/cmd/testutil_test.go

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, config *config.Config, testFile string) (*grp
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController)
+	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

client/cmd/up.go

@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ func runInForegroundMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, activeProf *pr
 	r := peer.NewRecorder(config.ManagementURL.String())
 	r.GetFullStatus()
 
-	connectClient := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, config, r)
+	connectClient := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, config, r, false)
 	SetupDebugHandler(ctx, config, r, connectClient, "")
 
 	return connectClient.Run(nil)

client/cmd/update.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//go:build !windows && !darwin
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+var updateCmd *cobra.Command
+
+func isUpdateBinary() bool {
+	return false
+}

client/cmd/update_supported.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager/installer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+var (
+	updateCmd = &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "update",
+		Short: "Update the NetBird client application",
+		RunE:  updateFunc,
+	}
+
+	tempDirFlag    string
+	installerFile  string
+	serviceDirFlag string
+	dryRunFlag     bool
+)
+
+func init() {
+	updateCmd.Flags().StringVar(&tempDirFlag, "temp-dir", "", "temporary dir")
+	updateCmd.Flags().StringVar(&installerFile, "installer-file", "", "installer file")
+	updateCmd.Flags().StringVar(&serviceDirFlag, "service-dir", "", "service directory")
+	updateCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&dryRunFlag, "dry-run", false, "dry run the update process without making any changes")
+}
+
+// isUpdateBinary checks if the current executable is named "update" or "update.exe"
+func isUpdateBinary() bool {
+	// Remove extension for cross-platform compatibility
+	execPath, err := os.Executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	baseName := filepath.Base(execPath)
+	name := strings.TrimSuffix(baseName, filepath.Ext(baseName))
+
+	return name == installer.UpdaterBinaryNameWithoutExtension()
+}
+
+func updateFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	if err := setupLogToFile(tempDirFlag); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("updater started: %s", serviceDirFlag)
+	updater := installer.NewWithDir(tempDirFlag)
+	if err := updater.Setup(context.Background(), dryRunFlag, installerFile, serviceDirFlag); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to update application: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func setupLogToFile(dir string) error {
+	logFile := filepath.Join(dir, installer.LogFile)
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(logFile); err == nil {
+		if err := os.Remove(logFile); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to remove existing log file: %v\n", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return util.InitLog(logLevel, util.LogConsole, logFile)
+}

client/embed/embed.go

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ func (c *Client) Start(startCtx context.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	recorder := peer.NewRecorder(c.config.ManagementURL.String())
-	client := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, c.config, recorder)
+	client := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, c.config, recorder, false)
 
 	// either startup error (permanent backoff err) or nil err (successful engine up)
 	// TODO: make after-startup backoff err available

client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux_test.go

@@ -386,6 +386,97 @@ func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptables(t *testing.T) {
 	verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
 }
 
+func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptablesFor6kPrefixes(t *testing.T) {
+	if check() != NFTABLES {
+		t.Skip("nftables not supported on this system")
+	}
+
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("iptables-save"); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("iptables-save not available on this system: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// First ensure iptables-nft tables exist by running iptables-save
+	stdout, stderr := runIptablesSave(t)
+	verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to create manager")
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		err := manager.Close(nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to reset manager state")
+
+		// Verify iptables output after reset
+		stdout, stderr := runIptablesSave(t)
+		verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
+	})
+
+	const octet2Count = 25
+	const octet3Count = 255
+	prefixes := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, (octet2Count-1)*(octet3Count-1))
+	for i := 1; i < octet2Count; i++ {
+		for j := 1; j < octet3Count; j++ {
+			addr := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, byte(j), byte(i), 0})
+			prefixes = append(prefixes, netip.PrefixFrom(addr, 24))
+		}
+	}
+	_, err = manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+		nil,
+		prefixes,
+		fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.2.0.0/24")},
+		fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		nil,
+		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
+		fw.ActionAccept,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add route filtering rule")
+
+	stdout, stderr = runIptablesSave(t)
+	verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
+}
+
+func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptablesForEmptyPrefixes(t *testing.T) {
+	if check() != NFTABLES {
+		t.Skip("nftables not supported on this system")
+	}
+
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("iptables-save"); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("iptables-save not available on this system: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// First ensure iptables-nft tables exist by running iptables-save
+	stdout, stderr := runIptablesSave(t)
+	verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to create manager")
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		err := manager.Close(nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to reset manager state")
+
+		// Verify iptables output after reset
+		stdout, stderr := runIptablesSave(t)
+		verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
+	})
+
+	_, err = manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+		nil,
+		[]netip.Prefix{},
+		fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.2.0.0/24")},
+		fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		nil,
+		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
+		fw.ActionAccept,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add route filtering rule")
+
+	stdout, stderr = runIptablesSave(t)
+	verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
+}
+
 func compareExprsIgnoringCounters(t *testing.T, got, want []expr.Any) {
 	t.Helper()
 	require.Equal(t, len(got), len(want), "expression count mismatch")

client/firewall/nftables/router_linux.go

@@ -48,9 +48,11 @@ const (
 
 	// ipTCPHeaderMinSize represents minimum IP (20) + TCP (20) header size for MSS calculation
 	ipTCPHeaderMinSize = 40
-)
 
-const refreshRulesMapError = "refresh rules map: %w"
+	// maxPrefixesSet 1638 prefixes start to fail, taking some margin
+	maxPrefixesSet       = 1500
+	refreshRulesMapError = "refresh rules map: %w"
+)
 
 var (
 	errFilterTableNotFound = fmt.Errorf("'filter' table not found")
@@ -513,16 +515,35 @@ func (r *router) createIpSet(setName string, input setInput) (*nftables.Set, err
 	}
 
 	elements := convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes)
-	if err := r.conn.AddSet(nfset, elements); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error adding elements to set %s: %w", setName, err)
-	}
+	nElements := len(elements)
 
+	maxElements := maxPrefixesSet * 2
+	initialElements := elements[:min(maxElements, nElements)]
+
+	if err := r.conn.AddSet(nfset, initialElements); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error adding set %s: %w", setName, err)
+	}
 	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush error: %w", err)
 	}
+	log.Debugf("Created new ipset: %s with %d initial prefixes (total prefixes %d)", setName, len(initialElements)/2, len(prefixes))
 
-	log.Printf("Created new ipset: %s with %d elements", setName, len(elements)/2)
+	var subEnd int
+	for subStart := maxElements; subStart < nElements; subStart += maxElements {
+		subEnd = min(subStart+maxElements, nElements)
+		subElement := elements[subStart:subEnd]
+		nSubPrefixes := len(subElement) / 2
+		log.Tracef("Adding new prefixes (%d) in ipset: %s", nSubPrefixes, setName)
+		if err := r.conn.SetAddElements(nfset, subElement); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error adding prefixes (%d) to set %s: %w", nSubPrefixes, setName, err)
+		}
+		if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush error: %w", err)
+		}
+		log.Debugf("Added new prefixes (%d) in ipset: %s", nSubPrefixes, setName)
+	}
 
+	log.Infof("Created new ipset: %s with %d prefixes", setName, len(prefixes))
 	return nfset, nil
 }
 

client/iface/device/device_ios.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package device
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -45,10 +46,31 @@ func NewTunDevice(name string, address wgaddr.Address, port int, key string, mtu
 	}
 }
 
+// ErrInvalidTunnelFD is returned when the tunnel file descriptor is invalid (0).
+// This typically means the Swift code couldn't find the utun control socket.
+var ErrInvalidTunnelFD = fmt.Errorf("invalid tunnel file descriptor: fd is 0 (Swift failed to locate utun socket)")
+
 func (t *TunDevice) Create() (WGConfigurer, error) {
 	log.Infof("create tun interface")
 
-	dupTunFd, err := unix.Dup(t.tunFd)
+	var tunDevice tun.Device
+	var err error
+
+	// Validate the tunnel file descriptor.
+	// On iOS/tvOS, the FD must be provided by the NEPacketTunnelProvider.
+	// A value of 0 means the Swift code couldn't find the utun control socket
+	// (the low-level APIs like ctl_info, sockaddr_ctl may not be exposed in
+	// tvOS SDK headers). This is a hard error - there's no viable fallback
+	// since tun.CreateTUN() cannot work within the iOS/tvOS sandbox.
+	if t.tunFd == 0 {
+		log.Errorf("Tunnel file descriptor is 0 - Swift code failed to locate the utun control socket. " +
+			"On tvOS, ensure the NEPacketTunnelProvider is properly configured and the tunnel is started.")
+		return nil, ErrInvalidTunnelFD
+	}
+
+	// Normal iOS/tvOS path: use the provided file descriptor from NEPacketTunnelProvider
+	var dupTunFd int
+	dupTunFd, err = unix.Dup(t.tunFd)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("Unable to dup tun fd: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
@@ -60,7 +82,7 @@ func (t *TunDevice) Create() (WGConfigurer, error) {
 		_ = unix.Close(dupTunFd)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	tunDevice, err := tun.CreateTUNFromFile(os.NewFile(uintptr(dupTunFd), "/dev/tun"), 0)
+	tunDevice, err = tun.CreateTUNFromFile(os.NewFile(uintptr(dupTunFd), "/dev/tun"), 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("Unable to create new tun device from fd: %v", err)
 		_ = unix.Close(dupTunFd)

client/iface/wgproxy/factory_kernel.go

@@ -3,12 +3,19 @@
 package wgproxy
 
 import (
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgproxy/ebpf"
 	udpProxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgproxy/udp"
 )
 
+const (
+	envDisableEBPFWGProxy = "NB_DISABLE_EBPF_WG_PROXY"
+)
+
 type KernelFactory struct {
 	wgPort int
 	mtu    uint16
@@ -22,6 +29,12 @@ func NewKernelFactory(wgPort int, mtu uint16) *KernelFactory {
 		mtu:    mtu,
 	}
 
+	if isEBPFDisabled() {
+		log.Infof("WireGuard Proxy Factory will produce UDP proxy")
+		log.Infof("eBPF WireGuard proxy is disabled via %s environment variable", envDisableEBPFWGProxy)
+		return f
+	}
+
 	ebpfProxy := ebpf.NewWGEBPFProxy(wgPort, mtu)
 	if err := ebpfProxy.Listen(); err != nil {
 		log.Infof("WireGuard Proxy Factory will produce UDP proxy")
@@ -47,3 +60,16 @@ func (w *KernelFactory) Free() error {
 	}
 	return w.ebpfProxy.Free()
 }
+
+func isEBPFDisabled() bool {
+	val := os.Getenv(envDisableEBPFWGProxy)
+	if val == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	disabled, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to parse %s: %v", envDisableEBPFWGProxy, err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return disabled
+}

client/internal/connect.go

@@ -24,10 +24,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/listener"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager/installer"
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 	cProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	sshconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/config"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	mgm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
@@ -39,11 +43,13 @@ import (
 )
 
 type ConnectClient struct {
-	ctx            context.Context
-	config         *profilemanager.Config
-	statusRecorder *peer.Status
-	engine         *Engine
-	engineMutex    sync.Mutex
+	ctx                 context.Context
+	config              *profilemanager.Config
+	statusRecorder      *peer.Status
+	doInitialAutoUpdate bool
+
+	engine      *Engine
+	engineMutex sync.Mutex
 
 	persistSyncResponse bool
 }
@@ -52,13 +58,15 @@ func NewConnectClient(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	config *profilemanager.Config,
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
+	doInitalAutoUpdate bool,
 
 ) *ConnectClient {
 	return &ConnectClient{
-		ctx:            ctx,
-		config:         config,
-		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
-		engineMutex:    sync.Mutex{},
+		ctx:                 ctx,
+		config:              config,
+		statusRecorder:      statusRecorder,
+		doInitialAutoUpdate: doInitalAutoUpdate,
+		engineMutex:         sync.Mutex{},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -162,6 +170,33 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 		return err
 	}
 
+	var path string
+	if runtime.GOOS == "ios" || runtime.GOOS == "android" {
+		// On mobile, use the provided state file path directly
+		if !fileExists(mobileDependency.StateFilePath) {
+			if err := createFile(mobileDependency.StateFilePath); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to create state file: %v", err)
+				// we are not exiting as we can run without the state manager
+			}
+		}
+		path = mobileDependency.StateFilePath
+	} else {
+		sm := profilemanager.NewServiceManager("")
+		path = sm.GetStatePath()
+	}
+	stateManager := statemanager.New(path)
+	stateManager.RegisterState(&sshconfig.ShutdownState{})
+
+	updateManager, err := updatemanager.NewManager(c.statusRecorder, stateManager)
+	if err == nil {
+		updateManager.CheckUpdateSuccess(c.ctx)
+
+		inst := installer.New()
+		if err := inst.CleanUpInstallerFiles(); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to clean up temporary installer file: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	defer c.statusRecorder.ClientStop()
 	operation := func() error {
 		// if context cancelled we not start new backoff cycle
@@ -273,7 +308,7 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 		checks := loginResp.GetChecks()
 
 		c.engineMutex.Lock()
-		engine := NewEngine(engineCtx, cancel, signalClient, mgmClient, relayManager, engineConfig, mobileDependency, c.statusRecorder, checks)
+		engine := NewEngine(engineCtx, cancel, signalClient, mgmClient, relayManager, engineConfig, mobileDependency, c.statusRecorder, checks, stateManager)
 		engine.SetSyncResponsePersistence(c.persistSyncResponse)
 		c.engine = engine
 		c.engineMutex.Unlock()
@@ -283,6 +318,15 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 			return wrapErr(err)
 		}
 
+		if loginResp.PeerConfig != nil && loginResp.PeerConfig.AutoUpdate != nil {
+			// AutoUpdate will be true when the user click on "Connect" menu on the UI
+			if c.doInitialAutoUpdate {
+				log.Infof("start engine by ui, run auto-update check")
+				c.engine.InitialUpdateHandling(loginResp.PeerConfig.AutoUpdate)
+				c.doInitialAutoUpdate = false
+			}
+		}
+
 		log.Infof("Netbird engine started, the IP is: %s", peerConfig.GetAddress())
 		state.Set(StatusConnected)
 

client/internal/debug/debug.go

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager/installer"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ block.prof: Block profiling information.
 heap.prof: Heap profiling information (snapshot of memory allocations).
 allocs.prof: Allocations profiling information.
 threadcreate.prof: Thread creation profiling information.
+stack_trace.txt: Complete stack traces of all goroutines at the time of bundle creation.
 
 
 Anonymization Process
@@ -109,6 +111,9 @@ go tool pprof -http=:8088 heap.prof
 
 This will open a web browser tab with the profiling information.
 
+Stack Trace
+The stack_trace.txt file contains a complete snapshot of all goroutine stack traces at the time the debug bundle was created.
+
 Routes
 The routes.txt file contains detailed routing table information in a tabular format:
 
@@ -327,6 +332,10 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) createArchive() error {
 		log.Errorf("failed to add profiles to debug bundle: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	if err := g.addStackTrace(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to add stack trace to debug bundle: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	if err := g.addSyncResponse(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add sync response: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -354,6 +363,10 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) createArchive() error {
 		log.Errorf("failed to add systemd logs: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	if err := g.addUpdateLogs(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to add updater logs: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -522,6 +535,18 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addProf() (err error) {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addStackTrace() error {
+	buf := make([]byte, 5242880) // 5 MB buffer
+	n := runtime.Stack(buf, true)
+
+	stackTrace := bytes.NewReader(buf[:n])
+	if err := g.addFileToZip(stackTrace, "stack_trace.txt"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add stack trace file to zip: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (g *BundleGenerator) addInterfaces() error {
 	interfaces, err := net.Interfaces()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -630,6 +655,29 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addStateFile() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addUpdateLogs() error {
+	inst := installer.New()
+	logFiles := inst.LogFiles()
+	if len(logFiles) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("adding updater logs")
+	for _, logFile := range logFiles {
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(logFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to read update log file %s: %v", logFile, err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		baseName := filepath.Base(logFile)
+		if err := g.addFileToZip(bytes.NewReader(data), filepath.Join("update-logs", baseName)); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add update log file %s to zip: %w", baseName, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (g *BundleGenerator) addCorruptedStateFiles() error {
 	sm := profilemanager.NewServiceManager("")
 	pattern := sm.GetStatePath()

client/internal/dns/mgmt/mgmt.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -26,6 +27,11 @@ type Resolver struct {
 	mutex         sync.RWMutex
 }
 
+type ipsResponse struct {
+	ips []netip.Addr
+	err error
+}
+
 // NewResolver creates a new management domains cache resolver.
 func NewResolver() *Resolver {
 	return &Resolver{
@@ -99,9 +105,9 @@ func (m *Resolver) AddDomain(ctx context.Context, d domain.Domain) error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, dnsTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	ips, err := net.DefaultResolver.LookupNetIP(ctx, "ip", d.PunycodeString())
+	ips, err := lookupIPWithExtraTimeout(ctx, d)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("resolve domain %s: %w", d.SafeString(), err)
+		return err
 	}
 
 	var aRecords, aaaaRecords []dns.RR
@@ -159,6 +165,36 @@ func (m *Resolver) AddDomain(ctx context.Context, d domain.Domain) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func lookupIPWithExtraTimeout(ctx context.Context, d domain.Domain) ([]netip.Addr, error) {
+	log.Infof("looking up IP for mgmt domain=%s", d.SafeString())
+	defer log.Infof("done looking up IP for mgmt domain=%s", d.SafeString())
+	resultChan := make(chan *ipsResponse, 1)
+
+	go func() {
+		ips, err := net.DefaultResolver.LookupNetIP(ctx, "ip", d.PunycodeString())
+		resultChan <- &ipsResponse{
+			err: err,
+			ips: ips,
+		}
+	}()
+
+	var resp *ipsResponse
+
+	select {
+	case <-time.After(dnsTimeout + time.Millisecond*500):
+		log.Warnf("timed out waiting for IP for mgmt domain=%s", d.SafeString())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("timed out waiting for ips to be available for domain %s", d.SafeString())
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
+	case resp = <-resultChan:
+	}
+
+	if resp.err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("resolve domain %s: %w", d.SafeString(), resp.err)
+	}
+	return resp.ips, nil
+}
+
 // PopulateFromConfig extracts and caches domains from the client configuration.
 func (m *Resolver) PopulateFromConfig(ctx context.Context, mgmtURL *url.URL) error {
 	if mgmtURL == nil {

client/internal/dns/server.go

@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ type DefaultServer struct {
 	updateSerial       uint64
 	previousConfigHash uint64
 	currentConfig      HostDNSConfig
+	currentConfigHash  uint64
 	handlerChain       *HandlerChain
 	extraDomains       map[domain.Domain]int
 
@@ -207,6 +208,7 @@ func newDefaultServer(
 		hostsDNSHolder:    newHostsDNSHolder(),
 		hostManager:       &noopHostConfigurator{},
 		mgmtCacheResolver: mgmtCacheResolver,
+		currentConfigHash: ^uint64(0), // Initialize to max uint64 to ensure first config is always applied
 	}
 
 	// register with root zone, handler chain takes care of the routing
@@ -586,8 +588,29 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) applyHostConfig() {
 
 	log.Debugf("extra match domains: %v", maps.Keys(s.extraDomains))
 
+	hash, err := hashstructure.Hash(config, hashstructure.FormatV2, &hashstructure.HashOptions{
+		ZeroNil:         true,
+		IgnoreZeroValue: true,
+		SlicesAsSets:    true,
+		UseStringer:     true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("unable to hash the host dns configuration, will apply config anyway: %s", err)
+		// Fall through to apply config anyway (fail-safe approach)
+	} else if s.currentConfigHash == hash {
+		log.Debugf("not applying host config as there are no changes")
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("applying host config as there are changes")
 	if err := s.hostManager.applyDNSConfig(config, s.stateManager); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to apply DNS host manager update: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Only update hash if it was computed successfully and config was applied
+	if err == nil {
+		s.currentConfigHash = hash
 	}
 
 	s.registerFallback(config)

client/internal/dns/server_test.go

@@ -1602,7 +1602,10 @@ func TestExtraDomains(t *testing.T) {
 				"other.example.com.",
 				"duplicate.example.com.",
 			},
-			applyHostConfigCall: 4,
+			// Expect 3 calls instead of 4 because when deregistering duplicate.example.com,
+			// the domain remains in the config (ref count goes from 2 to 1), so the host
+			// config hash doesn't change and applyDNSConfig is not called.
+			applyHostConfigCall: 3,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "Config update with new domains after registration",
@@ -1657,7 +1660,10 @@ func TestExtraDomains(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedMatchOnly: []string{
 				"extra.example.com.",
 			},
-			applyHostConfigCall: 3,
+			// Expect 2 calls instead of 3 because when deregistering protected.example.com,
+			// it's removed from extraDomains but still remains in the config (from customZones),
+			// so the host config hash doesn't change and applyDNSConfig is not called.
+			applyHostConfigCall: 2,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "Register domain that is part of nameserver group",

client/internal/engine.go

@@ -42,14 +42,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/guard"
 	icemaker "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/ice"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peerstore"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/relay"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/rosenpass"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager"
 	cProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
-	sshconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/config"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 	semaphoregroup "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/semaphore-group"
 
@@ -73,6 +72,7 @@ const (
 	PeerConnectionTimeoutMax = 45000 // ms
 	PeerConnectionTimeoutMin = 30000 // ms
 	connInitLimit            = 200
+	disableAutoUpdate        = "disabled"
 )
 
 var ErrResetConnection = fmt.Errorf("reset connection")
@@ -201,6 +201,9 @@ type Engine struct {
 	connSemaphore       *semaphoregroup.SemaphoreGroup
 	flowManager         nftypes.FlowManager
 
+	// auto-update
+	updateManager *updatemanager.Manager
+
 	// WireGuard interface monitor
 	wgIfaceMonitor *WGIfaceMonitor
 
@@ -221,17 +224,7 @@ type localIpUpdater interface {
 }
 
 // NewEngine creates a new Connection Engine with probes attached
-func NewEngine(
-	clientCtx context.Context,
-	clientCancel context.CancelFunc,
-	signalClient signal.Client,
-	mgmClient mgm.Client,
-	relayManager *relayClient.Manager,
-	config *EngineConfig,
-	mobileDep MobileDependency,
-	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
-	checks []*mgmProto.Checks,
-) *Engine {
+func NewEngine(clientCtx context.Context, clientCancel context.CancelFunc, signalClient signal.Client, mgmClient mgm.Client, relayManager *relayClient.Manager, config *EngineConfig, mobileDep MobileDependency, statusRecorder *peer.Status, checks []*mgmProto.Checks, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) *Engine {
 	engine := &Engine{
 		clientCtx:      clientCtx,
 		clientCancel:   clientCancel,
@@ -247,28 +240,12 @@ func NewEngine(
 		TURNs:          []*stun.URI{},
 		networkSerial:  0,
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
+		stateManager:   stateManager,
 		checks:         checks,
 		connSemaphore:  semaphoregroup.NewSemaphoreGroup(connInitLimit),
 		probeStunTurn:  relay.NewStunTurnProbe(relay.DefaultCacheTTL),
 	}
 
-	sm := profilemanager.NewServiceManager("")
-
-	path := sm.GetStatePath()
-	if runtime.GOOS == "ios" || runtime.GOOS == "android" {
-		if !fileExists(mobileDep.StateFilePath) {
-			err := createFile(mobileDep.StateFilePath)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to create state file: %v", err)
-				// we are not exiting as we can run without the state manager
-			}
-		}
-
-		path = mobileDep.StateFilePath
-	}
-	engine.stateManager = statemanager.New(path)
-	engine.stateManager.RegisterState(&sshconfig.ShutdownState{})
-
 	log.Infof("I am: %s", config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String())
 	return engine
 }
@@ -308,6 +285,10 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		e.srWatcher.Close()
 	}
 
+	if e.updateManager != nil {
+		e.updateManager.Stop()
+	}
+
 	log.Info("cleaning up status recorder states")
 	e.statusRecorder.ReplaceOfflinePeers([]peer.State{})
 	e.statusRecorder.UpdateDNSStates([]peer.NSGroupState{})
@@ -541,6 +522,13 @@ func (e *Engine) Start(netbirdConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, mgmtURL *url.URL)
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (e *Engine) InitialUpdateHandling(autoUpdateSettings *mgmProto.AutoUpdateSettings) {
+	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
+	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+
+	e.handleAutoUpdateVersion(autoUpdateSettings, true)
+}
+
 func (e *Engine) createFirewall() error {
 	if e.config.DisableFirewall {
 		log.Infof("firewall is disabled")
@@ -749,6 +737,41 @@ func (e *Engine) PopulateNetbirdConfig(netbirdConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, mg
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (e *Engine) handleAutoUpdateVersion(autoUpdateSettings *mgmProto.AutoUpdateSettings, initialCheck bool) {
+	if autoUpdateSettings == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	disabled := autoUpdateSettings.Version == disableAutoUpdate
+
+	// Stop and cleanup if disabled
+	if e.updateManager != nil && disabled {
+		log.Infof("auto-update is disabled, stopping update manager")
+		e.updateManager.Stop()
+		e.updateManager = nil
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Skip check unless AlwaysUpdate is enabled or this is the initial check at startup
+	if !autoUpdateSettings.AlwaysUpdate && !initialCheck {
+		log.Debugf("skipping auto-update check, AlwaysUpdate is false and this is not the initial check")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Start manager if needed
+	if e.updateManager == nil {
+		log.Infof("starting auto-update manager")
+		updateManager, err := updatemanager.NewManager(e.statusRecorder, e.stateManager)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		e.updateManager = updateManager
+		e.updateManager.Start(e.ctx)
+	}
+	log.Infof("handling auto-update version: %s", autoUpdateSettings.Version)
+	e.updateManager.SetVersion(autoUpdateSettings.Version)
+}
+
 func (e *Engine) handleSync(update *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
 	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
 	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
@@ -758,6 +781,10 @@ func (e *Engine) handleSync(update *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
 		return e.ctx.Err()
 	}
 
+	if update.NetworkMap != nil && update.NetworkMap.PeerConfig != nil {
+		e.handleAutoUpdateVersion(update.NetworkMap.PeerConfig.AutoUpdate, false)
+	}
+
 	if update.GetNetbirdConfig() != nil {
 		wCfg := update.GetNetbirdConfig()
 		err := e.updateTURNs(wCfg.GetTurns())
@@ -1094,6 +1121,15 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 
 	e.updateOfflinePeers(networkMap.GetOfflinePeers())
 
+	// Filter out own peer from the remote peers list
+	localPubKey := e.config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String()
+	remotePeers := make([]*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig, 0, len(networkMap.GetRemotePeers()))
+	for _, p := range networkMap.GetRemotePeers() {
+		if p.GetWgPubKey() != localPubKey {
+			remotePeers = append(remotePeers, p)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// cleanup request, most likely our peer has been deleted
 	if networkMap.GetRemotePeersIsEmpty() {
 		err := e.removeAllPeers()
@@ -1102,32 +1138,34 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 			return err
 		}
 	} else {
-		err := e.removePeers(networkMap.GetRemotePeers())
+		err := e.removePeers(remotePeers)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		err = e.modifyPeers(networkMap.GetRemotePeers())
+		err = e.modifyPeers(remotePeers)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		err = e.addNewPeers(networkMap.GetRemotePeers())
+		err = e.addNewPeers(remotePeers)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
 		e.statusRecorder.FinishPeerListModifications()
 
-		e.updatePeerSSHHostKeys(networkMap.GetRemotePeers())
+		e.updatePeerSSHHostKeys(remotePeers)
 
-		if err := e.updateSSHClientConfig(networkMap.GetRemotePeers()); err != nil {
+		if err := e.updateSSHClientConfig(remotePeers); err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("failed to update SSH client config: %v", err)
 		}
+
+		e.updateSSHServerAuth(networkMap.GetSshAuth())
 	}
 
 	// must set the exclude list after the peers are added. Without it the manager can not figure out the peers parameters from the store
-	excludedLazyPeers := e.toExcludedLazyPeers(forwardingRules, networkMap.GetRemotePeers())
+	excludedLazyPeers := e.toExcludedLazyPeers(forwardingRules, remotePeers)
 	e.connMgr.SetExcludeList(e.ctx, excludedLazyPeers)
 
 	e.networkSerial = serial

client/internal/engine_ssh.go

@@ -11,15 +11,18 @@ import (
 
 	firewallManager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
+	sshauth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
 	sshconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/config"
 	sshserver "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/server"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	sshuserhash "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/sshauth"
 )
 
 type sshServer interface {
 	Start(ctx context.Context, addr netip.AddrPort) error
 	Stop() error
 	GetStatus() (bool, []sshserver.SessionInfo)
+	UpdateSSHAuth(config *sshauth.Config)
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) setupSSHPortRedirection() error {
@@ -353,3 +356,38 @@ func (e *Engine) GetSSHServerStatus() (enabled bool, sessions []sshserver.Sessio
 
 	return sshServer.GetStatus()
 }
+
+// updateSSHServerAuth updates SSH fine-grained access control configuration on a running SSH server
+func (e *Engine) updateSSHServerAuth(sshAuth *mgmProto.SSHAuth) {
+	if sshAuth == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if e.sshServer == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	protoUsers := sshAuth.GetAuthorizedUsers()
+	authorizedUsers := make([]sshuserhash.UserIDHash, len(protoUsers))
+	for i, hash := range protoUsers {
+		if len(hash) != 16 {
+			log.Warnf("invalid hash length %d, expected 16 - skipping SSH server auth update", len(hash))
+			return
+		}
+		authorizedUsers[i] = sshuserhash.UserIDHash(hash)
+	}
+
+	machineUsers := make(map[string][]uint32)
+	for osUser, indexes := range sshAuth.GetMachineUsers() {
+		machineUsers[osUser] = indexes.GetIndexes()
+	}
+
+	// Update SSH server with new authorization configuration
+	authConfig := &sshauth.Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     sshAuth.GetUserIDClaim(),
+		AuthorizedUsers: authorizedUsers,
+		MachineUsers:    machineUsers,
+	}
+
+	e.sshServer.UpdateSSHAuth(authConfig)
+}

client/internal/engine_test.go

@@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
 		MobileDependency{},
 		peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
 		nil,
+		nil,
 	)
 
 	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
@@ -414,21 +415,13 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 	defer cancel()
 
 	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
-	engine := NewEngine(
-		ctx, cancel,
-		&signal.MockClient{},
-		&mgmt.MockClient{},
-		relayMgr,
-		&EngineConfig{
-			WgIfaceName:  "utun102",
-			WgAddr:       "100.64.0.1/24",
-			WgPrivateKey: key,
-			WgPort:       33100,
-			MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
-		},
-		MobileDependency{},
-		peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
-		nil)
+	engine := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, &signal.MockClient{}, &mgmt.MockClient{}, relayMgr, &EngineConfig{
+		WgIfaceName:  "utun102",
+		WgAddr:       "100.64.0.1/24",
+		WgPrivateKey: key,
+		WgPort:       33100,
+		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
+	}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil, nil)
 
 	wgIface := &MockWGIface{
 		NameFunc: func() string { return "utun102" },
@@ -647,7 +640,7 @@ func TestEngine_Sync(t *testing.T) {
 		WgPrivateKey: key,
 		WgPort:       33100,
 		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
-	}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil)
+	}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil, nil)
 	engine.ctx = ctx
 
 	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
@@ -812,7 +805,7 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 				WgPrivateKey: key,
 				WgPort:       33100,
 				MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
-			}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil)
+			}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil, nil)
 			engine.ctx = ctx
 			newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet(context.Background(), nil)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -1014,7 +1007,7 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithDNSUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 				WgPrivateKey: key,
 				WgPort:       33100,
 				MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
-			}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil)
+			}, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil, nil)
 			engine.ctx = ctx
 
 			newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet(context.Background(), nil)
@@ -1540,7 +1533,7 @@ func createEngine(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, setupKey strin
 	}
 
 	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
-	e, err := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, signalClient, mgmtClient, relayMgr, conf, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil), nil
+	e, err := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, signalClient, mgmtClient, relayMgr, conf, MobileDependency{}, peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"), nil, nil), nil
 	e.ctx = ctx
 	return e, err
 }
@@ -1638,7 +1631,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, dataDir, testFile string) (*grpc.Server, stri
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
-	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController)
+	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}

client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_darwin.go

@@ -110,7 +110,6 @@ func wakeUpListen(ctx context.Context) {
 			}
 
 			if newHash == initialHash {
-				log.Tracef("no wakeup detected")
 				continue
 			}
 

client/internal/peer/conn.go

@@ -148,13 +148,15 @@ func NewConn(config ConnConfig, services ServiceDependencies) (*Conn, error) {
 // It will try to establish a connection using ICE and in parallel with relay. The higher priority connection type will
 // be used.
 func (conn *Conn) Open(engineCtx context.Context) error {
-	conn.semaphore.Add(engineCtx)
+	if err := conn.semaphore.Add(engineCtx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	conn.mu.Lock()
 	defer conn.mu.Unlock()
 
 	if conn.opened {
-		conn.semaphore.Done(engineCtx)
+		conn.semaphore.Done()
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -165,6 +167,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) Open(engineCtx context.Context) error {
 	relayIsSupportedLocally := conn.workerRelay.RelayIsSupportedLocally()
 	workerICE, err := NewWorkerICE(conn.ctx, conn.Log, conn.config, conn, conn.signaler, conn.iFaceDiscover, conn.statusRecorder, relayIsSupportedLocally)
 	if err != nil {
+		conn.semaphore.Done()
 		return err
 	}
 	conn.workerICE = workerICE
@@ -200,7 +203,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) Open(engineCtx context.Context) error {
 		defer conn.wg.Done()
 
 		conn.waitInitialRandomSleepTime(conn.ctx)
-		conn.semaphore.Done(conn.ctx)
+		conn.semaphore.Done()
 
 		conn.guard.Start(conn.ctx, conn.onGuardEvent)
 	}()

client/internal/peer/endpoint.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ type EndpointUpdater struct {
 	wgConfig  WgConfig
 	initiator bool
 
-	// mu protects updateWireGuardPeer and cancelFunc
+	// mu protects cancelFunc
 	mu         sync.Mutex
 	cancelFunc func()
 	updateWg   sync.WaitGroup
@@ -86,11 +86,9 @@ func (e *EndpointUpdater) scheduleDelayedUpdate(ctx context.Context, addr *net.U
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		return
 	case <-t.C:
-		e.mu.Lock()
 		if err := e.updateWireGuardPeer(addr, presharedKey); err != nil {
 			e.log.Errorf("failed to update WireGuard peer, address: %s, error: %v", addr, err)
 		}
-		e.mu.Unlock()
 	}
 }
 

client/internal/profilemanager/config.go

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@ package profilemanager
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
+	"os/user"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
@@ -165,19 +167,26 @@ func getConfigDir() (string, error) {
 	if ConfigDirOverride != "" {
 		return ConfigDirOverride, nil
 	}
-	configDir, err := os.UserConfigDir()
+
+	base, err := baseConfigDir()
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 
-	configDir = filepath.Join(configDir, "netbird")
-	if _, err := os.Stat(configDir); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		if err := os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0755); err != nil {
-			return "", err
+	configDir := filepath.Join(base, "netbird")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return configDir, nil
+}
+
+func baseConfigDir() (string, error) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		if u, err := user.Current(); err == nil && u.HomeDir != "" {
+			return filepath.Join(u.HomeDir, "Library", "Application Support"), nil
 		}
 	}
-
-	return configDir, nil
+	return os.UserConfigDir()
 }
 
 func getConfigDirForUser(username string) (string, error) {
@@ -676,7 +685,7 @@ func update(input ConfigInput) (*Config, error) {
 	return config, nil
 }
 
-// GetConfig read config file and return with Config. Errors out if it does not exist
+// GetConfig read config file and return with Config and if it was created. Errors out if it does not exist
 func GetConfig(configPath string) (*Config, error) {
 	return readConfig(configPath, false)
 }
@@ -812,3 +821,85 @@ func readConfig(configPath string, createIfMissing bool) (*Config, error) {
 func WriteOutConfig(path string, config *Config) error {
 	return util.WriteJson(context.Background(), path, config)
 }
+
+// DirectWriteOutConfig writes config directly without atomic temp file operations.
+// Use this on platforms where atomic writes are blocked (e.g., tvOS sandbox).
+func DirectWriteOutConfig(path string, config *Config) error {
+	return util.DirectWriteJson(context.Background(), path, config)
+}
+
+// DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig is like UpdateOrCreateConfig but uses direct (non-atomic) writes.
+// Use this on platforms where atomic writes are blocked (e.g., tvOS sandbox).
+func DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(input ConfigInput) (*Config, error) {
+	if !fileExists(input.ConfigPath) {
+		log.Infof("generating new config %s", input.ConfigPath)
+		cfg, err := createNewConfig(input)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		err = util.DirectWriteJson(context.Background(), input.ConfigPath, cfg)
+		return cfg, err
+	}
+
+	if isPreSharedKeyHidden(input.PreSharedKey) {
+		input.PreSharedKey = nil
+	}
+
+	// Enforce permissions on existing config files (same as UpdateOrCreateConfig)
+	if err := util.EnforcePermission(input.ConfigPath); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to enforce permission on config file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return directUpdate(input)
+}
+
+func directUpdate(input ConfigInput) (*Config, error) {
+	config := &Config{}
+
+	if _, err := util.ReadJson(input.ConfigPath, config); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	updated, err := config.apply(input)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if updated {
+		if err := util.DirectWriteJson(context.Background(), input.ConfigPath, config); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return config, nil
+}
+
+// ConfigToJSON serializes a Config struct to a JSON string.
+// This is useful for exporting config to alternative storage mechanisms
+// (e.g., UserDefaults on tvOS where file writes are blocked).
+func ConfigToJSON(config *Config) (string, error) {
+	bs, err := json.MarshalIndent(config, "", "    ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return string(bs), nil
+}
+
+// ConfigFromJSON deserializes a JSON string to a Config struct.
+// This is useful for restoring config from alternative storage mechanisms.
+// After unmarshaling, defaults are applied to ensure the config is fully initialized.
+func ConfigFromJSON(jsonStr string) (*Config, error) {
+	config := &Config{}
+	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Apply defaults to ensure required fields are initialized.
+	// This mirrors what readConfig does after loading from file.
+	if _, err := config.apply(ConfigInput{}); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to apply defaults to config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return config, nil
+}

client/internal/profilemanager/service.go

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ func (a *ActiveProfileState) FilePath() (string, error) {
 }
 
 type ServiceManager struct {
+	profilesDir string // If set, overrides ConfigDirOverride for profile operations
 }
 
 func NewServiceManager(defaultConfigPath string) *ServiceManager {
@@ -85,6 +86,17 @@ func NewServiceManager(defaultConfigPath string) *ServiceManager {
 	return &ServiceManager{}
 }
 
+// NewServiceManagerWithProfilesDir creates a ServiceManager with a specific profiles directory
+// This allows setting the profiles directory without modifying the global ConfigDirOverride
+func NewServiceManagerWithProfilesDir(defaultConfigPath string, profilesDir string) *ServiceManager {
+	if defaultConfigPath != "" {
+		DefaultConfigPath = defaultConfigPath
+	}
+	return &ServiceManager{
+		profilesDir: profilesDir,
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *ServiceManager) CopyDefaultProfileIfNotExists() (bool, error) {
 
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(DefaultConfigPathDir, 0600); err != nil {
@@ -114,14 +126,6 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) CopyDefaultProfileIfNotExists() (bool, error) {
 		log.Warnf("failed to set permissions for default profile: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := s.SetActiveProfileState(&ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     "default",
-		Username: "",
-	}); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to set active profile state: %v", err)
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to set active profile state: %w", err)
-	}
-
 	return true, nil
 }
 
@@ -240,7 +244,7 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) DefaultProfilePath() string {
 }
 
 func (s *ServiceManager) AddProfile(profileName, username string) error {
-	configDir, err := getConfigDirForUser(username)
+	configDir, err := s.getConfigDir(username)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get config directory: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -270,7 +274,7 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) AddProfile(profileName, username string) error {
 }
 
 func (s *ServiceManager) RemoveProfile(profileName, username string) error {
-	configDir, err := getConfigDirForUser(username)
+	configDir, err := s.getConfigDir(username)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get config directory: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -302,7 +306,7 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) RemoveProfile(profileName, username string) error {
 }
 
 func (s *ServiceManager) ListProfiles(username string) ([]Profile, error) {
-	configDir, err := getConfigDirForUser(username)
+	configDir, err := s.getConfigDir(username)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get config directory: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -361,7 +365,7 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) GetStatePath() string {
 		return defaultStatePath
 	}
 
-	configDir, err := getConfigDirForUser(activeProf.Username)
+	configDir, err := s.getConfigDir(activeProf.Username)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("failed to get config directory for user %s: %v", activeProf.Username, err)
 		return defaultStatePath
@@ -369,3 +373,12 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) GetStatePath() string {
 
 	return filepath.Join(configDir, activeProf.Name+".state.json")
 }
+
+// getConfigDir returns the profiles directory, using profilesDir if set, otherwise getConfigDirForUser
+func (s *ServiceManager) getConfigDir(username string) (string, error) {
+	if s.profilesDir != "" {
+		return s.profilesDir, nil
+	}
+
+	return getConfigDirForUser(username)
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Package updatemanager provides automatic update management for the NetBird client.
+// It monitors for new versions, handles update triggers from management server directives,
+// and orchestrates the download and installation of client updates.
+//
+// # Overview
+//
+// The update manager operates as a background service that continuously monitors for
+// available updates and automatically initiates the update process when conditions are met.
+// It integrates with the installer package to perform the actual installation.
+//
+// # Update Flow
+//
+// The complete update process follows these steps:
+//
+//  1. Manager receives update directive via SetVersion() or detects new version
+//  2. Manager validates update should proceed (version comparison, rate limiting)
+//  3. Manager publishes "updating" event to status recorder
+//  4. Manager persists UpdateState to track update attempt
+//  5. Manager downloads installer file (.msi or .exe) to temporary directory
+//  6. Manager triggers installation via installer.RunInstallation()
+//  7. Installer package handles the actual installation process
+//  8. On next startup, CheckUpdateSuccess() verifies update completion
+//  9. Manager publishes success/failure event to status recorder
+//  10. Manager cleans up UpdateState
+//
+// # State Management
+//
+// Update state is persisted across restarts to track update attempts:
+//
+//   - PreUpdateVersion: Version before update attempt
+//   - TargetVersion: Version attempting to update to
+//
+// This enables verification of successful updates and appropriate user notification
+// after the client restarts with the new version.
+package updatemanager

client/internal/updatemanager/downloader/downloader.go

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package downloader
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
+)
+
+const (
+	userAgent         = "NetBird agent installer/%s"
+	DefaultRetryDelay = 3 * time.Second
+)
+
+func DownloadToFile(ctx context.Context, retryDelay time.Duration, url, dstFile string) error {
+	log.Debugf("starting download from %s", url)
+
+	out, err := os.Create(dstFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create destination file %q: %w", dstFile, err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if cerr := out.Close(); cerr != nil {
+			log.Warnf("error closing file %q: %v", dstFile, cerr)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// First attempt
+	err = downloadToFileOnce(ctx, url, out)
+	if err == nil {
+		log.Infof("successfully downloaded file to %s", dstFile)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// If retryDelay is 0, don't retry
+	if retryDelay == 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.Warnf("download failed, retrying after %v: %v", retryDelay, err)
+
+	// Sleep before retry
+	if sleepErr := sleepWithContext(ctx, retryDelay); sleepErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("download cancelled during retry delay: %w", sleepErr)
+	}
+
+	// Truncate file before retry
+	if err := out.Truncate(0); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to truncate file on retry: %w", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := out.Seek(0, 0); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to seek to beginning of file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Second attempt
+	if err := downloadToFileOnce(ctx, url, out); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("download failed after retry: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("successfully downloaded file to %s", dstFile)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func DownloadToMemory(ctx context.Context, url string, limit int64) ([]byte, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create HTTP request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Add User-Agent header
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", fmt.Sprintf(userAgent, version.NetbirdVersion()))
+
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to perform HTTP request: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if cerr := resp.Body.Close(); cerr != nil {
+			log.Warnf("error closing response body: %v", cerr)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected HTTP status: %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, limit))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read response body: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return data, nil
+}
+
+func downloadToFileOnce(ctx context.Context, url string, out *os.File) error {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create HTTP request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Add User-Agent header
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", fmt.Sprintf(userAgent, version.NetbirdVersion()))
+
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to perform HTTP request: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if cerr := resp.Body.Close(); cerr != nil {
+			log.Warnf("error closing response body: %v", cerr)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected HTTP status: %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := io.Copy(out, resp.Body); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write response body to file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func sleepWithContext(ctx context.Context, duration time.Duration) error {
+	select {
+	case <-time.After(duration):
+		return nil
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/downloader/downloader_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+package downloader
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	retryDelay = 100 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+func TestDownloadToFile_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a test server that responds successfully
+	content := "test file content"
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(content))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Create a temporary file for download
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	dstFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "downloaded.txt")
+
+	// Download the file
+	err := DownloadToFile(context.Background(), retryDelay, server.URL, dstFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no error, got: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify the file content
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(dstFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read downloaded file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if string(data) != content {
+		t.Errorf("expected content %q, got %q", content, string(data))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDownloadToFile_SuccessAfterRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	content := "test file content after retry"
+	var attemptCount atomic.Int32
+
+	// Create a test server that fails on first attempt, succeeds on second
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		attempt := attemptCount.Add(1)
+		if attempt == 1 {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte("error"))
+			return
+		}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(content))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Create a temporary file for download
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	dstFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "downloaded.txt")
+
+	// Download the file (should succeed after retry)
+	if err := DownloadToFile(context.Background(), 10*time.Millisecond, server.URL, dstFile); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no error after retry, got: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify the file content
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(dstFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read downloaded file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if string(data) != content {
+		t.Errorf("expected content %q, got %q", content, string(data))
+	}
+
+	// Verify it took 2 attempts
+	if attemptCount.Load() != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 attempts, got %d", attemptCount.Load())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDownloadToFile_FailsAfterRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	var attemptCount atomic.Int32
+
+	// Create a test server that always fails
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		attemptCount.Add(1)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("error"))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Create a temporary file for download
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	dstFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "downloaded.txt")
+
+	// Download the file (should fail after retry)
+	if err := DownloadToFile(context.Background(), 10*time.Millisecond, server.URL, dstFile); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error after retry, got nil")
+	}
+
+	// Verify it tried 2 times
+	if attemptCount.Load() != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 attempts, got %d", attemptCount.Load())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDownloadToFile_ContextCancellationDuringRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	var attemptCount atomic.Int32
+
+	// Create a test server that always fails
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		attemptCount.Add(1)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Create a temporary file for download
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	dstFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "downloaded.txt")
+
+	// Create a context that will be cancelled during retry delay
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	// Cancel after a short delay (during the retry sleep)
+	go func() {
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+		cancel()
+	}()
+
+	// Download the file (should fail due to context cancellation during retry)
+	err := DownloadToFile(ctx, 1*time.Second, server.URL, dstFile)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error due to context cancellation, got nil")
+	}
+
+	// Should have only made 1 attempt (cancelled during retry delay)
+	if attemptCount.Load() != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 attempt, got %d", attemptCount.Load())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDownloadToFile_InvalidURL(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	dstFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "downloaded.txt")
+
+	err := DownloadToFile(context.Background(), retryDelay, "://invalid-url", dstFile)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for invalid URL, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDownloadToFile_InvalidDestination(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("test"))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Use an invalid destination path
+	err := DownloadToFile(context.Background(), retryDelay, server.URL, "/invalid/path/that/does/not/exist/file.txt")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for invalid destination, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDownloadToFile_NoRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	var attemptCount atomic.Int32
+
+	// Create a test server that always fails
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		attemptCount.Add(1)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("error"))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Create a temporary file for download
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	dstFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "downloaded.txt")
+
+	// Download the file with retryDelay = 0 (should not retry)
+	if err := DownloadToFile(context.Background(), 0, server.URL, dstFile); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+	}
+
+	// Verify it only made 1 attempt (no retry)
+	if attemptCount.Load() != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 attempt, got %d", attemptCount.Load())
+	}
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/binary_nowindows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package installer
+
+func UpdaterBinaryNameWithoutExtension() string {
+	return updaterBinary
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/binary_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func UpdaterBinaryNameWithoutExtension() string {
+	ext := filepath.Ext(updaterBinary)
+	return strings.TrimSuffix(updaterBinary, ext)
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Package installer provides functionality for managing NetBird application
+// updates and installations across Windows, macOS. It handles
+// the complete update lifecycle including artifact download, cryptographic verification,
+// installation execution, process management, and result reporting.
+//
+// # Architecture
+//
+// The installer package uses a two-process architecture to enable self-updates:
+//
+//  1. Service Process: The main NetBird daemon process that initiates updates
+//  2. Updater Process: A detached child process that performs the actual installation
+//
+// This separation is critical because:
+//   - The service binary cannot update itself while running
+//   - The installer (EXE/MSI/PKG) will terminate the service during installation
+//   - The updater process survives service termination and restarts it after installation
+//   - Results can be communicated back to the service after it restarts
+//
+// # Update Flow
+//
+// Service Process (RunInstallation):
+//
+//  1. Validates target version format (semver)
+//  2. Determines installer type (EXE, MSI, PKG, or Homebrew)
+//  3. Downloads installer file from GitHub releases (if applicable)
+//  4. Verifies installer signature using reposign package (cryptographic verification in service process before
+//     launching updater)
+//  5. Copies service binary to tempDir as "updater" (or "updater.exe" on Windows)
+//  6. Launches updater process with detached mode:
+//     - --temp-dir: Temporary directory path
+//     - --service-dir: Service installation directory
+//     - --installer-file: Path to downloaded installer (if applicable)
+//     - --dry-run: Optional flag to test without actually installing
+//  7. Service process continues running (will be terminated by installer later)
+//  8. Service can watch for result.json using ResultHandler.Watch() to detect completion
+//
+// Updater Process (Setup):
+//
+//  1. Receives parameters from service via command-line arguments
+//  2. Runs installer with appropriate silent/quiet flags:
+//     - Windows EXE: installer.exe /S
+//     - Windows MSI: msiexec.exe /i installer.msi /quiet /qn /l*v msi.log
+//     - macOS PKG: installer -pkg installer.pkg -target /
+//     - macOS Homebrew: brew upgrade netbirdio/tap/netbird
+//  3. Installer terminates daemon and UI processes
+//  4. Installer replaces binaries with new version
+//  5. Updater waits for installer to complete
+//  6. Updater restarts daemon:
+//     - Windows: netbird.exe service start
+//     - macOS/Linux: netbird service start
+//  7. Updater restarts UI:
+//     - Windows: Launches netbird-ui.exe as active console user using CreateProcessAsUser
+//     - macOS: Uses launchctl asuser to launch NetBird.app for console user
+//     - Linux: Not implemented (UI typically auto-starts)
+//  8. Updater writes result.json with success/error status
+//  9. Updater process exits
+//
+// # Result Communication
+//
+// The ResultHandler (result.go) manages communication between updater and service:
+//
+// Result Structure:
+//
+//	type Result struct {
+//	    Success    bool      // true if installation succeeded
+//	    Error      string    // error message if Success is false
+//	    ExecutedAt time.Time // when installation completed
+//	}
+//
+// Result files are automatically cleaned up after being read.
+//
+// # File Locations
+//
+// Temporary Directory (platform-specific):
+//
+// Windows:
+//   - Path: %ProgramData%\Netbird\tmp-install
+//   - Example: C:\ProgramData\Netbird\tmp-install
+//
+// macOS:
+//   - Path: /var/lib/netbird/tmp-install
+//   - Requires root permissions
+//
+// Files created during installation:
+//
+//		tmp-install/
+//	   installer.log
+//		  updater[.exe]                    # Copy of service binary
+//		  netbird_installer_*.[exe|msi|pkg] # Downloaded installer
+//		  result.json                       # Installation result
+//		  msi.log                           # MSI verbose log (Windows MSI only)
+//
+// # API Reference
+//
+// # Cleanup
+//
+// CleanUpInstallerFiles() removes temporary files after successful installation:
+//   - Downloaded installer files (*.exe, *.msi, *.pkg)
+//   - Updater binary copy
+//   - Does NOT remove result.json (cleaned by ResultHandler after read)
+//   - Does NOT remove msi.log (kept for debugging)
+//
+// # Dry-Run Mode
+//
+// Dry-run mode allows testing the update process without actually installing:
+//
+// Enable via environment variable:
+//
+//	export NB_AUTO_UPDATE_DRY_RUN=true
+//	netbird service install-update 0.29.0
+package installer

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/installer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+//go:build !windows && !darwin
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+const (
+	updaterBinary = "updater"
+)
+
+type Installer struct {
+	tempDir string
+}
+
+// New used by the service
+func New() *Installer {
+	return &Installer{}
+}
+
+// NewWithDir used by the updater process, get the tempDir from the service via cmd line
+func NewWithDir(tempDir string) *Installer {
+	return &Installer{
+		tempDir: tempDir,
+	}
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) TempDir() string {
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (c *Installer) LogFiles() []string {
+	return []string{}
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) CleanUpInstallerFiles() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) RunInstallation(ctx context.Context, targetVersion string) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("unsupported platform")
+}
+
+// Setup runs the installer with appropriate arguments and manages the daemon/UI state
+// This will be run by the updater process
+func (u *Installer) Setup(ctx context.Context, dryRun bool, targetVersion string, daemonFolder string) (resultErr error) {
+	return fmt.Errorf("unsupported platform")
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/installer_common.go

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	goversion "github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager/downloader"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager/reposign"
+)
+
+type Installer struct {
+	tempDir string
+}
+
+// New used by the service
+func New() *Installer {
+	return &Installer{
+		tempDir: defaultTempDir,
+	}
+}
+
+// NewWithDir used by the updater process, get the tempDir from the service via cmd line
+func NewWithDir(tempDir string) *Installer {
+	return &Installer{
+		tempDir: tempDir,
+	}
+}
+
+// RunInstallation starts the updater process to run the installation
+// This will run by the original service process
+func (u *Installer) RunInstallation(ctx context.Context, targetVersion string) (err error) {
+	resultHandler := NewResultHandler(u.tempDir)
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			if writeErr := resultHandler.WriteErr(err); writeErr != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to write error result: %v", writeErr)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err := validateTargetVersion(targetVersion); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := u.mkTempDir(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var installerFile string
+	// Download files only when not using any third-party store
+	if installerType := TypeOfInstaller(ctx); installerType.Downloadable() {
+		log.Infof("download installer")
+		var err error
+		installerFile, err = u.downloadInstaller(ctx, installerType, targetVersion)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to download installer: %v", err)
+			return err
+		}
+
+		artifactVerify, err := reposign.NewArtifactVerify(DefaultSigningKeysBaseURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to create artifact verify: %v", err)
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := artifactVerify.Verify(ctx, targetVersion, installerFile); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("artifact verification error: %v", err)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("running installer")
+	updaterPath, err := u.copyUpdater()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// the directory where the service has been installed
+	workspace, err := getServiceDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	args := []string{
+		"--temp-dir", u.tempDir,
+		"--service-dir", workspace,
+	}
+
+	if isDryRunEnabled() {
+		args = append(args, "--dry-run=true")
+	}
+
+	if installerFile != "" {
+		args = append(args, "--installer-file", installerFile)
+	}
+
+	updateCmd := exec.Command(updaterPath, args...)
+	log.Infof("starting updater process: %s", updateCmd.String())
+
+	// Configure the updater to run in a separate session/process group
+	// so it survives the parent daemon being stopped
+	setUpdaterProcAttr(updateCmd)
+
+	// Start the updater process asynchronously
+	if err := updateCmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	pid := updateCmd.Process.Pid
+	log.Infof("updater started with PID %d", pid)
+
+	// Release the process so the OS can fully detach it
+	if err := updateCmd.Process.Release(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to release updater process: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CleanUpInstallerFiles
+// - the installer file (pkg, exe, msi)
+// - the selfcopy updater.exe
+func (u *Installer) CleanUpInstallerFiles() error {
+	// Check if tempDir exists
+	info, err := os.Stat(u.tempDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !info.IsDir() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	if err := os.Remove(filepath.Join(u.tempDir, updaterBinary)); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove updater binary: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(u.tempDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		name := entry.Name()
+		for _, ext := range binaryExtensions {
+			if strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(name), strings.ToLower(ext)) {
+				if err := os.Remove(filepath.Join(u.tempDir, name)); err != nil {
+					merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove %s: %w", name, err))
+				}
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return merr.ErrorOrNil()
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) downloadInstaller(ctx context.Context, installerType Type, targetVersion string) (string, error) {
+	fileURL := urlWithVersionArch(installerType, targetVersion)
+
+	// Clean up temp directory on error
+	var success bool
+	defer func() {
+		if !success {
+			if err := os.RemoveAll(u.tempDir); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("error cleaning up temporary directory: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	fileName := path.Base(fileURL)
+	if fileName == "." || fileName == "/" || fileName == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid file URL: %s", fileURL)
+	}
+
+	outputFilePath := filepath.Join(u.tempDir, fileName)
+	if err := downloader.DownloadToFile(ctx, downloader.DefaultRetryDelay, fileURL, outputFilePath); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	success = true
+	return outputFilePath, nil
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) TempDir() string {
+	return u.tempDir
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) mkTempDir() error {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(u.tempDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to create tempdir: %s", u.tempDir)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) copyUpdater() (string, error) {
+	src, err := getServiceBinary()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get updater binary: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	dst := filepath.Join(u.tempDir, updaterBinary)
+	if err := copyFile(src, dst); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to copy updater binary: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Chmod(dst, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to set permissions: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return dst, nil
+}
+
+func validateTargetVersion(targetVersion string) error {
+	if targetVersion == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target version cannot be empty")
+	}
+
+	_, err := goversion.NewVersion(targetVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid target version %q: %w", targetVersion, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func copyFile(src, dst string) error {
+	log.Infof("copying %s to %s", src, dst)
+	in, err := os.Open(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("open source: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := in.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to close source file: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	out, err := os.Create(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create destination: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := out.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to close destination file: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if _, err := io.Copy(out, in); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("copy: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getServiceDir() (string, error) {
+	exePath, err := os.Executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Dir(exePath), nil
+}
+
+func getServiceBinary() (string, error) {
+	return os.Executable()
+}
+
+func isDryRunEnabled() bool {
+	return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("NB_AUTO_UPDATE_DRY_RUN")), "true")
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/installer_log_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+func (u *Installer) LogFiles() []string {
+	return []string{
+		filepath.Join(u.tempDir, LogFile),
+	}
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/installer_log_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+func (u *Installer) LogFiles() []string {
+	return []string{
+		filepath.Join(u.tempDir, msiLogFile),
+		filepath.Join(u.tempDir, LogFile),
+	}
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/installer_run_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	daemonName    = "netbird"
+	updaterBinary = "updater"
+	uiBinary      = "/Applications/NetBird.app"
+
+	defaultTempDir = "/var/lib/netbird/tmp-install"
+
+	pkgDownloadURL = "https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases/download/v%version/netbird_%version_darwin_%arch.pkg"
+)
+
+var (
+	binaryExtensions = []string{"pkg"}
+)
+
+// Setup runs the installer with appropriate arguments and manages the daemon/UI state
+// This will be run by the updater process
+func (u *Installer) Setup(ctx context.Context, dryRun bool, installerFile string, daemonFolder string) (resultErr error) {
+	resultHandler := NewResultHandler(u.tempDir)
+
+	// Always ensure daemon and UI are restarted after setup
+	defer func() {
+		log.Infof("write out result")
+		var err error
+		if resultErr == nil {
+			err = resultHandler.WriteSuccess()
+		} else {
+			err = resultHandler.WriteErr(resultErr)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to write update result: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		// skip service restart if dry-run mode is enabled
+		if dryRun {
+			return
+		}
+
+		log.Infof("starting daemon back")
+		if err := u.startDaemon(daemonFolder); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to start daemon: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		log.Infof("starting UI back")
+		if err := u.startUIAsUser(); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to start UI: %v", err)
+		}
+
+	}()
+
+	if dryRun {
+		time.Sleep(7 * time.Second)
+		log.Infof("dry-run mode enabled, skipping actual installation")
+		resultErr = fmt.Errorf("dry-run mode enabled")
+		return
+	}
+
+	switch TypeOfInstaller(ctx) {
+	case TypePKG:
+		resultErr = u.installPkgFile(ctx, installerFile)
+	case TypeHomebrew:
+		resultErr = u.updateHomeBrew(ctx)
+	}
+
+	return resultErr
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) startDaemon(daemonFolder string) error {
+	log.Infof("starting netbird service")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, filepath.Join(daemonFolder, daemonName), "service", "start")
+	if output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to start netbird service: %v, output: %s", err, string(output))
+		return err
+	}
+	log.Infof("netbird service started successfully")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) startUIAsUser() error {
+	log.Infof("starting netbird-ui: %s", uiBinary)
+
+	// Get the current console user
+	cmd := exec.Command("stat", "-f", "%Su", "/dev/console")
+	output, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get console user: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	username := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
+	if username == "" || username == "root" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no active user session found")
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("starting UI for user: %s", username)
+
+	// Get user's UID
+	userInfo, err := user.Lookup(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to lookup user %s: %w", username, err)
+	}
+
+	// Start the UI process as the console user using launchctl
+	// This ensures the app runs in the user's context with proper GUI access
+	launchCmd := exec.Command("launchctl", "asuser", userInfo.Uid, "open", "-a", uiBinary)
+	log.Infof("launchCmd: %s", launchCmd.String())
+	// Set the user's home directory for proper macOS app behavior
+	launchCmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "HOME="+userInfo.HomeDir)
+	log.Infof("set HOME environment variable: %s", userInfo.HomeDir)
+
+	if err := launchCmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to start UI process: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Release the process so it can run independently
+	if err := launchCmd.Process.Release(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to release UI process: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("netbird-ui started successfully for user %s", username)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) installPkgFile(ctx context.Context, path string) error {
+	log.Infof("installing pkg file: %s", path)
+
+	// Kill any existing UI processes before installation
+	// This ensures the postinstall script's "open $APP" will start the new version
+	u.killUI()
+
+	volume := "/"
+
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "installer", "-pkg", path, "-target", volume)
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error running pkg file: %w", err)
+	}
+	log.Infof("installer started with PID %d", cmd.Process.Pid)
+	if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error running pkg file: %w", err)
+	}
+	log.Infof("pkg file installed successfully")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) updateHomeBrew(ctx context.Context) error {
+	log.Infof("updating homebrew")
+
+	// Kill any existing UI processes before upgrade
+	// This ensures the new version will be started after upgrade
+	u.killUI()
+
+	// Homebrew must be run as a non-root user
+	// To find out which user installed NetBird using HomeBrew we can check the owner of our brew tap directory
+	// Check both Apple Silicon and Intel Mac paths
+	brewTapPath := "/opt/homebrew/Library/Taps/netbirdio/homebrew-tap/"
+	brewBinPath := "/opt/homebrew/bin/brew"
+	if _, err := os.Stat(brewTapPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		// Try Intel Mac path
+		brewTapPath = "/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/netbirdio/homebrew-tap/"
+		brewBinPath = "/usr/local/bin/brew"
+	}
+
+	fileInfo, err := os.Stat(brewTapPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error getting homebrew installation path info: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	fileSysInfo, ok := fileInfo.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t)
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error checking file owner, sysInfo type is %T not *syscall.Stat_t", fileInfo.Sys())
+	}
+
+	// Get username from UID
+	brewUser, err := user.LookupId(fmt.Sprintf("%d", fileSysInfo.Uid))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error looking up brew installer user: %w", err)
+	}
+	userName := brewUser.Username
+	// Get user HOME, required for brew to run correctly
+	// https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/issues/15833
+	homeDir := brewUser.HomeDir
+
+	// Check if netbird-ui is installed (must run as the brew user, not root)
+	checkUICmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "sudo", "-u", userName, brewBinPath, "list", "--formula", "netbirdio/tap/netbird-ui")
+	checkUICmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "HOME="+homeDir)
+	uiInstalled := checkUICmd.Run() == nil
+
+	// Homebrew does not support installing specific versions
+	// Thus it will always update to latest and ignore targetVersion
+	upgradeArgs := []string{"-u", userName, brewBinPath, "upgrade", "netbirdio/tap/netbird"}
+	if uiInstalled {
+		upgradeArgs = append(upgradeArgs, "netbirdio/tap/netbird-ui")
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "sudo", upgradeArgs...)
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "HOME="+homeDir)
+
+	if output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error running brew upgrade: %w, output: %s", err, string(output))
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("homebrew updated successfully")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) killUI() {
+	log.Infof("killing existing netbird-ui processes")
+	cmd := exec.Command("pkill", "-x", "netbird-ui")
+	if output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		// pkill returns exit code 1 if no processes matched, which is fine
+		log.Debugf("pkill netbird-ui result: %v, output: %s", err, string(output))
+	} else {
+		log.Infof("netbird-ui processes killed")
+	}
+}
+
+func urlWithVersionArch(_ Type, version string) string {
+	url := strings.ReplaceAll(pkgDownloadURL, "%version", version)
+	return strings.ReplaceAll(url, "%arch", runtime.GOARCH)
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/installer_run_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+const (
+	daemonName    = "netbird.exe"
+	uiName        = "netbird-ui.exe"
+	updaterBinary = "updater.exe"
+
+	msiLogFile = "msi.log"
+
+	msiDownloadURL = "https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases/download/v%version/netbird_installer_%version_windows_%arch.msi"
+	exeDownloadURL = "https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases/download/v%version/netbird_installer_%version_windows_%arch.exe"
+)
+
+var (
+	defaultTempDir = filepath.Join(os.Getenv("ProgramData"), "Netbird", "tmp-install")
+
+	// for the cleanup
+	binaryExtensions = []string{"msi", "exe"}
+)
+
+// Setup runs the installer with appropriate arguments and manages the daemon/UI state
+// This will be run by the updater process
+func (u *Installer) Setup(ctx context.Context, dryRun bool, installerFile string, daemonFolder string) (resultErr error) {
+	resultHandler := NewResultHandler(u.tempDir)
+
+	// Always ensure daemon and UI are restarted after setup
+	defer func() {
+		log.Infof("starting daemon back")
+		if err := u.startDaemon(daemonFolder); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to start daemon: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		log.Infof("starting UI back")
+		if err := u.startUIAsUser(daemonFolder); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to start UI: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		log.Infof("write out result")
+		var err error
+		if resultErr == nil {
+			err = resultHandler.WriteSuccess()
+		} else {
+			err = resultHandler.WriteErr(resultErr)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to write update result: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if dryRun {
+		log.Infof("dry-run mode enabled, skipping actual installation")
+		resultErr = fmt.Errorf("dry-run mode enabled")
+		return
+	}
+
+	installerType, err := typeByFileExtension(installerFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("%v", err)
+		resultErr = err
+		return
+	}
+
+	var cmd *exec.Cmd
+	switch installerType {
+	case TypeExe:
+		log.Infof("run exe installer: %s", installerFile)
+		cmd = exec.CommandContext(ctx, installerFile, "/S")
+	default:
+		installerDir := filepath.Dir(installerFile)
+		logPath := filepath.Join(installerDir, msiLogFile)
+		log.Infof("run msi installer: %s", installerFile)
+		cmd = exec.CommandContext(ctx, "msiexec.exe", "/i", filepath.Base(installerFile), "/quiet", "/qn", "/l*v", logPath)
+	}
+
+	cmd.Dir = filepath.Dir(installerFile)
+
+	if resultErr = cmd.Start(); resultErr != nil {
+		log.Errorf("error starting installer: %v", resultErr)
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("installer started with PID %d", cmd.Process.Pid)
+	if resultErr = cmd.Wait(); resultErr != nil {
+		log.Errorf("installer process finished with error: %v", resultErr)
+		return
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) startDaemon(daemonFolder string) error {
+	log.Infof("starting netbird service")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, filepath.Join(daemonFolder, daemonName), "service", "start")
+	if output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to start netbird service: %v, output: %s", err, string(output))
+		return err
+	}
+	log.Infof("netbird service started successfully")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (u *Installer) startUIAsUser(daemonFolder string) error {
+	uiPath := filepath.Join(daemonFolder, uiName)
+	log.Infof("starting netbird-ui: %s", uiPath)
+
+	// Get the active console session ID
+	sessionID := windows.WTSGetActiveConsoleSessionId()
+	if sessionID == 0xFFFFFFFF {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no active user session found")
+	}
+
+	// Get the user token for that session
+	var userToken windows.Token
+	err := windows.WTSQueryUserToken(sessionID, &userToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to query user token: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := userToken.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to close user token: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Duplicate the token to a primary token
+	var primaryToken windows.Token
+	err = windows.DuplicateTokenEx(
+		userToken,
+		windows.MAXIMUM_ALLOWED,
+		nil,
+		windows.SecurityImpersonation,
+		windows.TokenPrimary,
+		&primaryToken,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to duplicate token: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := primaryToken.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to close token: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Prepare startup info
+	var si windows.StartupInfo
+	si.Cb = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(si))
+	si.Desktop = windows.StringToUTF16Ptr("winsta0\\default")
+
+	var pi windows.ProcessInformation
+
+	cmdLine, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(fmt.Sprintf("\"%s\"", uiPath))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to convert path to UTF16: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	creationFlags := uint32(0x00000200 | 0x00000008 | 0x00000400) // CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP | DETACHED_PROCESS | CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT
+
+	err = windows.CreateProcessAsUser(
+		primaryToken,
+		nil,
+		cmdLine,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		false,
+		creationFlags,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		&si,
+		&pi,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("CreateProcessAsUser failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Close handles
+	if err := windows.CloseHandle(pi.Process); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to close process handle: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := windows.CloseHandle(pi.Thread); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to close thread handle: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("netbird-ui started successfully in session %d", sessionID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func urlWithVersionArch(it Type, version string) string {
+	var url string
+	if it == TypeExe {
+		url = exeDownloadURL
+	} else {
+		url = msiDownloadURL
+	}
+	url = strings.ReplaceAll(url, "%version", version)
+	return strings.ReplaceAll(url, "%arch", runtime.GOARCH)
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/log.go

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package installer
+
+const (
+	LogFile = "installer.log"
+)

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/procattr_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"os/exec"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// setUpdaterProcAttr configures the updater process to run in a new session,
+// making it independent of the parent daemon process. This ensures the updater
+// survives when the daemon is stopped during the pkg installation.
+func setUpdaterProcAttr(cmd *exec.Cmd) {
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
+		Setsid: true,
+	}
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/procattr_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"os/exec"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// setUpdaterProcAttr configures the updater process to run detached from the parent,
+// making it independent of the parent daemon process.
+func setUpdaterProcAttr(cmd *exec.Cmd) {
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
+		CreationFlags: syscall.CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP | 0x00000008, // 0x00000008 is DETACHED_PROCESS
+	}
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/repourl_dev.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build devartifactsign
+
+package installer
+
+const (
+	DefaultSigningKeysBaseURL = "http://192.168.0.10:9089/signrepo"
+)

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/repourl_prod.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build !devartifactsign
+
+package installer
+
+const (
+	DefaultSigningKeysBaseURL = "https://publickeys.netbird.io/artifact-signatures"
+)

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/result.go

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	resultFile = "result.json"
+)
+
+type Result struct {
+	Success    bool
+	Error      string
+	ExecutedAt time.Time
+}
+
+// ResultHandler handles reading and writing update results
+type ResultHandler struct {
+	resultFile string
+}
+
+// NewResultHandler creates a new communicator with the given directory path
+// The result file will be created as "result.json" in the specified directory
+func NewResultHandler(installerDir string) *ResultHandler {
+	// Create it if it doesn't exist
+	// do not care if already exists
+	_ = os.MkdirAll(installerDir, 0o700)
+
+	rh := &ResultHandler{
+		resultFile: filepath.Join(installerDir, resultFile),
+	}
+	return rh
+}
+
+func (rh *ResultHandler) GetErrorResultReason() string {
+	result, err := rh.tryReadResult()
+	if err == nil && !result.Success {
+		return result.Error
+	}
+
+	if err := rh.cleanup(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to cleanup result file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (rh *ResultHandler) WriteSuccess() error {
+	result := Result{
+		Success:    true,
+		ExecutedAt: time.Now(),
+	}
+	return rh.write(result)
+}
+
+func (rh *ResultHandler) WriteErr(errReason error) error {
+	result := Result{
+		Success:    false,
+		Error:      errReason.Error(),
+		ExecutedAt: time.Now(),
+	}
+	return rh.write(result)
+}
+
+func (rh *ResultHandler) Watch(ctx context.Context) (Result, error) {
+	log.Infof("start watching result: %s", rh.resultFile)
+
+	// Check if file already exists (updater finished before we started watching)
+	if result, err := rh.tryReadResult(); err == nil {
+		log.Infof("installer result: %v", result)
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	dir := filepath.Dir(rh.resultFile)
+
+	if err := rh.waitForDirectory(ctx, dir); err != nil {
+		return Result{}, err
+	}
+
+	return rh.watchForResultFile(ctx, dir)
+}
+
+func (rh *ResultHandler) waitForDirectory(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(300 * time.Millisecond)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			if info, err := os.Stat(dir); err == nil && info.IsDir() {
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (rh *ResultHandler) watchForResultFile(ctx context.Context, dir string) (Result, error) {
+	watcher, err := fsnotify.NewWatcher()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error(err)
+		return Result{}, err
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err := watcher.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to close watcher: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err := watcher.Add(dir); err != nil {
+		return Result{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to watch directory: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Check again after setting up watcher to avoid race condition
+	// (file could have been created between initial check and watcher setup)
+	if result, err := rh.tryReadResult(); err == nil {
+		log.Infof("installer result: %v", result)
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return Result{}, ctx.Err()
+		case event, ok := <-watcher.Events:
+			if !ok {
+				return Result{}, errors.New("watcher closed unexpectedly")
+			}
+
+			if result, done := rh.handleWatchEvent(event); done {
+				return result, nil
+			}
+		case err, ok := <-watcher.Errors:
+			if !ok {
+				return Result{}, errors.New("watcher closed unexpectedly")
+			}
+			return Result{}, fmt.Errorf("watcher error: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (rh *ResultHandler) handleWatchEvent(event fsnotify.Event) (Result, bool) {
+	if event.Name != rh.resultFile {
+		return Result{}, false
+	}
+
+	if event.Has(fsnotify.Create) {
+		result, err := rh.tryReadResult()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("error while reading result: %v", err)
+			return result, true
+		}
+		log.Infof("installer result: %v", result)
+		return result, true
+	}
+
+	return Result{}, false
+}
+
+// Write writes the update result to a file for the UI to read
+func (rh *ResultHandler) write(result Result) error {
+	log.Infof("write out installer result to: %s", rh.resultFile)
+	// Ensure directory exists
+	dir := filepath.Dir(rh.resultFile)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to create directory %s: %v", dir, err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	data, err := json.Marshal(result)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write to a temporary file first, then rename for atomic operation
+	tmpPath := rh.resultFile + ".tmp"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(tmpPath, data, 0o600); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to create temp file: %s", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Atomic rename
+	if err := os.Rename(tmpPath, rh.resultFile); err != nil {
+		if cleanupErr := os.Remove(tmpPath); cleanupErr != nil {
+			log.Warnf("Failed to remove temp result file: %v", err)
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rh *ResultHandler) cleanup() error {
+	err := os.Remove(rh.resultFile)
+	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	log.Debugf("delete installer result file: %s", rh.resultFile)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// tryReadResult attempts to read and validate the result file
+func (rh *ResultHandler) tryReadResult() (Result, error) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(rh.resultFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Result{}, err
+	}
+
+	var result Result
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &result); err != nil {
+		return Result{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid result format: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := rh.cleanup(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to cleanup result file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return result, nil
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package installer
+
+type Type struct {
+	name         string
+	downloadable bool
+}
+
+func (t Type) String() string {
+	return t.name
+}
+
+func (t Type) Downloadable() bool {
+	return t.downloadable
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/types_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/exec"
+)
+
+var (
+	TypeHomebrew = Type{name: "Homebrew", downloadable: false}
+	TypePKG      = Type{name: "pkg", downloadable: true}
+)
+
+func TypeOfInstaller(ctx context.Context) Type {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "pkgutil", "--pkg-info", "io.netbird.client")
+	_, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil && cmd.ProcessState.ExitCode() == 1 {
+		// Not installed using pkg file, thus installed using Homebrew
+
+		return TypeHomebrew
+	}
+	return TypePKG
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/installer/types_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows/registry"
+)
+
+const (
+	uninstallKeyPath64 = `SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Netbird`
+	uninstallKeyPath32 = `SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Netbird`
+)
+
+var (
+	TypeExe = Type{name: "EXE", downloadable: true}
+	TypeMSI = Type{name: "MSI", downloadable: true}
+)
+
+func TypeOfInstaller(_ context.Context) Type {
+	paths := []string{uninstallKeyPath64, uninstallKeyPath32}
+
+	for _, path := range paths {
+		k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, path, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if err := k.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("Error closing registry key: %v", err)
+		}
+		return TypeExe
+
+	}
+
+	log.Debug("No registry entry found for Netbird, assuming MSI installation")
+	return TypeMSI
+}
+
+func typeByFileExtension(filePath string) (Type, error) {
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(filePath), ".exe"):
+		return TypeExe, nil
+	case strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(filePath), ".msi"):
+		return TypeMSI, nil
+	default:
+		return Type{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported installer type for file: %s", filePath)
+	}
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/manager.go

@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package updatemanager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	v "github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager/installer"
+	cProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
+)
+
+const (
+	latestVersion = "latest"
+	// this version will be ignored
+	developmentVersion = "development"
+)
+
+var errNoUpdateState = errors.New("no update state found")
+
+type UpdateState struct {
+	PreUpdateVersion string
+	TargetVersion    string
+}
+
+func (u UpdateState) Name() string {
+	return "autoUpdate"
+}
+
+type Manager struct {
+	statusRecorder *peer.Status
+	stateManager   *statemanager.Manager
+
+	lastTrigger    time.Time
+	mgmUpdateChan  chan struct{}
+	updateChannel  chan struct{}
+	currentVersion string
+	update         UpdateInterface
+	wg             sync.WaitGroup
+
+	cancel context.CancelFunc
+
+	expectedVersion       *v.Version
+	updateToLatestVersion bool
+
+	// updateMutex protect update and expectedVersion fields
+	updateMutex sync.Mutex
+
+	triggerUpdateFn func(context.Context, string) error
+}
+
+func NewManager(statusRecorder *peer.Status, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) (*Manager, error) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		isBrew := !installer.TypeOfInstaller(context.Background()).Downloadable()
+		if isBrew {
+			log.Warnf("auto-update disabled on Home Brew installation")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("auto-update not supported on Home Brew installation yet")
+		}
+	}
+	return newManager(statusRecorder, stateManager)
+}
+
+func newManager(statusRecorder *peer.Status, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) (*Manager, error) {
+	manager := &Manager{
+		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
+		stateManager:   stateManager,
+		mgmUpdateChan:  make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		updateChannel:  make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		currentVersion: version.NetbirdVersion(),
+		update:         version.NewUpdate("nb/client"),
+	}
+	manager.triggerUpdateFn = manager.triggerUpdate
+
+	stateManager.RegisterState(&UpdateState{})
+
+	return manager, nil
+}
+
+// CheckUpdateSuccess checks if the update was successful and send a notification.
+// It works without to start the update manager.
+func (m *Manager) CheckUpdateSuccess(ctx context.Context) {
+	reason := m.lastResultErrReason()
+	if reason != "" {
+		m.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+			cProto.SystemEvent_ERROR,
+			cProto.SystemEvent_SYSTEM,
+			"Auto-update failed",
+			fmt.Sprintf("Auto-update failed: %s", reason),
+			nil,
+		)
+	}
+
+	updateState, err := m.loadAndDeleteUpdateState(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, errNoUpdateState) {
+			return
+		}
+		log.Errorf("failed to load update state: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("auto-update state loaded, %v", *updateState)
+
+	if updateState.TargetVersion == m.currentVersion {
+		m.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+			cProto.SystemEvent_INFO,
+			cProto.SystemEvent_SYSTEM,
+			"Auto-update completed",
+			fmt.Sprintf("Your NetBird Client was auto-updated to version %s", m.currentVersion),
+			nil,
+		)
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Start(ctx context.Context) {
+	if m.cancel != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Manager already started")
+		return
+	}
+
+	m.update.SetDaemonVersion(m.currentVersion)
+	m.update.SetOnUpdateListener(func() {
+		select {
+		case m.updateChannel <- struct{}{}:
+		default:
+		}
+	})
+	go m.update.StartFetcher()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	m.cancel = cancel
+
+	m.wg.Add(1)
+	go m.updateLoop(ctx)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) SetVersion(expectedVersion string) {
+	log.Infof("set expected agent version for upgrade: %s", expectedVersion)
+	if m.cancel == nil {
+		log.Errorf("manager not started")
+		return
+	}
+
+	m.updateMutex.Lock()
+	defer m.updateMutex.Unlock()
+
+	if expectedVersion == "" {
+		log.Errorf("empty expected version provided")
+		m.expectedVersion = nil
+		m.updateToLatestVersion = false
+		return
+	}
+
+	if expectedVersion == latestVersion {
+		m.updateToLatestVersion = true
+		m.expectedVersion = nil
+	} else {
+		expectedSemVer, err := v.NewVersion(expectedVersion)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("error parsing version: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		if m.expectedVersion != nil && m.expectedVersion.Equal(expectedSemVer) {
+			return
+		}
+		m.expectedVersion = expectedSemVer
+		m.updateToLatestVersion = false
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case m.mgmUpdateChan <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Stop() {
+	if m.cancel == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	m.cancel()
+	m.updateMutex.Lock()
+	if m.update != nil {
+		m.update.StopWatch()
+		m.update = nil
+	}
+	m.updateMutex.Unlock()
+
+	m.wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) onContextCancel() {
+	if m.cancel == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	m.updateMutex.Lock()
+	defer m.updateMutex.Unlock()
+	if m.update != nil {
+		m.update.StopWatch()
+		m.update = nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) updateLoop(ctx context.Context) {
+	defer m.wg.Done()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			m.onContextCancel()
+			return
+		case <-m.mgmUpdateChan:
+		case <-m.updateChannel:
+			log.Infof("fetched new version info")
+		}
+
+		m.handleUpdate(ctx)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) handleUpdate(ctx context.Context) {
+	var updateVersion *v.Version
+
+	m.updateMutex.Lock()
+	if m.update == nil {
+		m.updateMutex.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+
+	expectedVersion := m.expectedVersion
+	useLatest := m.updateToLatestVersion
+	curLatestVersion := m.update.LatestVersion()
+	m.updateMutex.Unlock()
+
+	switch {
+	// Resolve "latest" to actual version
+	case useLatest:
+		if curLatestVersion == nil {
+			log.Tracef("latest version not fetched yet")
+			return
+		}
+		updateVersion = curLatestVersion
+	// Update to specific version
+	case expectedVersion != nil:
+		updateVersion = expectedVersion
+	default:
+		log.Debugf("no expected version information set")
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("checking update option, current version: %s, target version: %s", m.currentVersion, updateVersion)
+	if !m.shouldUpdate(updateVersion) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	m.lastTrigger = time.Now()
+	log.Infof("Auto-update triggered, current version: %s, target version: %s", m.currentVersion, updateVersion)
+	m.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+		cProto.SystemEvent_CRITICAL,
+		cProto.SystemEvent_SYSTEM,
+		"Automatically updating client",
+		"Your client version is older than auto-update version set in Management, updating client now.",
+		nil,
+	)
+
+	m.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+		cProto.SystemEvent_CRITICAL,
+		cProto.SystemEvent_SYSTEM,
+		"",
+		"",
+		map[string]string{"progress_window": "show", "version": updateVersion.String()},
+	)
+
+	updateState := UpdateState{
+		PreUpdateVersion: m.currentVersion,
+		TargetVersion:    updateVersion.String(),
+	}
+
+	if err := m.stateManager.UpdateState(updateState); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to update state: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		if err = m.stateManager.PersistState(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to persist state: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := m.triggerUpdateFn(ctx, updateVersion.String()); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Error triggering auto-update: %v", err)
+		m.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+			cProto.SystemEvent_ERROR,
+			cProto.SystemEvent_SYSTEM,
+			"Auto-update failed",
+			fmt.Sprintf("Auto-update failed: %v", err),
+			nil,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// loadAndDeleteUpdateState loads the update state, deletes it from storage, and returns it.
+// Returns nil if no state exists.
+func (m *Manager) loadAndDeleteUpdateState(ctx context.Context) (*UpdateState, error) {
+	stateType := &UpdateState{}
+
+	m.stateManager.RegisterState(stateType)
+	if err := m.stateManager.LoadState(stateType); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	state := m.stateManager.GetState(stateType)
+	if state == nil {
+		return nil, errNoUpdateState
+	}
+
+	updateState, ok := state.(*UpdateState)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to cast state to UpdateState")
+	}
+
+	if err := m.stateManager.DeleteState(updateState); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("delete state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.stateManager.PersistState(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("persist state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return updateState, nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) shouldUpdate(updateVersion *v.Version) bool {
+	if m.currentVersion == developmentVersion {
+		log.Debugf("skipping auto-update, running development version")
+		return false
+	}
+	currentVersion, err := v.NewVersion(m.currentVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("error checking for update, error parsing version `%s`: %v", m.currentVersion, err)
+		return false
+	}
+	if currentVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(updateVersion) {
+		log.Infof("current version (%s) is equal to or higher than auto-update version (%s)", m.currentVersion, updateVersion)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if time.Since(m.lastTrigger) < 5*time.Minute {
+		log.Debugf("skipping auto-update, last update was %s ago", time.Since(m.lastTrigger))
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) lastResultErrReason() string {
+	inst := installer.New()
+	result := installer.NewResultHandler(inst.TempDir())
+	return result.GetErrorResultReason()
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) triggerUpdate(ctx context.Context, targetVersion string) error {
+	inst := installer.New()
+	return inst.RunInstallation(ctx, targetVersion)
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/manager_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package updatemanager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"path"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	v "github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
+)
+
+type versionUpdateMock struct {
+	latestVersion *v.Version
+	onUpdate      func()
+}
+
+func (v versionUpdateMock) StopWatch() {}
+
+func (v versionUpdateMock) SetDaemonVersion(newVersion string) bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (v *versionUpdateMock) SetOnUpdateListener(updateFn func()) {
+	v.onUpdate = updateFn
+}
+
+func (v versionUpdateMock) LatestVersion() *v.Version {
+	return v.latestVersion
+}
+
+func (v versionUpdateMock) StartFetcher() {}
+
+func Test_LatestVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	testMatrix := []struct {
+		name                 string
+		daemonVersion        string
+		initialLatestVersion *v.Version
+		latestVersion        *v.Version
+		shouldUpdateInit     bool
+		shouldUpdateLater    bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:                 "Should only trigger update once due to time between triggers being < 5 Minutes",
+			daemonVersion:        "1.0.0",
+			initialLatestVersion: v.Must(v.NewSemver("1.0.1")),
+			latestVersion:        v.Must(v.NewSemver("1.0.2")),
+			shouldUpdateInit:     true,
+			shouldUpdateLater:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                 "Shouldn't update initially, but should update as soon as latest version is fetched",
+			daemonVersion:        "1.0.0",
+			initialLatestVersion: nil,
+			latestVersion:        v.Must(v.NewSemver("1.0.1")),
+			shouldUpdateInit:     false,
+			shouldUpdateLater:    true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for idx, c := range testMatrix {
+		mockUpdate := &versionUpdateMock{latestVersion: c.initialLatestVersion}
+		tmpFile := path.Join(t.TempDir(), fmt.Sprintf("update-test-%d.json", idx))
+		m, _ := newManager(peer.NewRecorder(""), statemanager.New(tmpFile))
+		m.update = mockUpdate
+
+		targetVersionChan := make(chan string, 1)
+
+		m.triggerUpdateFn = func(ctx context.Context, targetVersion string) error {
+			targetVersionChan <- targetVersion
+			return nil
+		}
+		m.currentVersion = c.daemonVersion
+		m.Start(context.Background())
+		m.SetVersion("latest")
+		var triggeredInit bool
+		select {
+		case targetVersion := <-targetVersionChan:
+			if targetVersion != c.initialLatestVersion.String() {
+				t.Errorf("%s: Initial update version mismatch, expected %v, got %v", c.name, c.initialLatestVersion.String(), targetVersion)
+			}
+			triggeredInit = true
+		case <-time.After(10 * time.Millisecond):
+			triggeredInit = false
+		}
+		if triggeredInit != c.shouldUpdateInit {
+			t.Errorf("%s: Initial update trigger mismatch, expected %v, got %v", c.name, c.shouldUpdateInit, triggeredInit)
+		}
+
+		mockUpdate.latestVersion = c.latestVersion
+		mockUpdate.onUpdate()
+
+		var triggeredLater bool
+		select {
+		case targetVersion := <-targetVersionChan:
+			if targetVersion != c.latestVersion.String() {
+				t.Errorf("%s: Update version mismatch, expected %v, got %v", c.name, c.latestVersion.String(), targetVersion)
+			}
+			triggeredLater = true
+		case <-time.After(10 * time.Millisecond):
+			triggeredLater = false
+		}
+		if triggeredLater != c.shouldUpdateLater {
+			t.Errorf("%s: Update trigger mismatch, expected %v, got %v", c.name, c.shouldUpdateLater, triggeredLater)
+		}
+
+		m.Stop()
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_HandleUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	testMatrix := []struct {
+		name            string
+		daemonVersion   string
+		latestVersion   *v.Version
+		expectedVersion string
+		shouldUpdate    bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:            "Update to a specific version should update regardless of if latestVersion is available yet",
+			daemonVersion:   "0.55.0",
+			latestVersion:   nil,
+			expectedVersion: "0.56.0",
+			shouldUpdate:    true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Update to specific version should not update if version matches",
+			daemonVersion:   "0.55.0",
+			latestVersion:   nil,
+			expectedVersion: "0.55.0",
+			shouldUpdate:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Update to specific version should not update if current version is newer",
+			daemonVersion:   "0.55.0",
+			latestVersion:   nil,
+			expectedVersion: "0.54.0",
+			shouldUpdate:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Update to latest version should update if latest is newer",
+			daemonVersion:   "0.55.0",
+			latestVersion:   v.Must(v.NewSemver("0.56.0")),
+			expectedVersion: "latest",
+			shouldUpdate:    true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Update to latest version should not update if latest == current",
+			daemonVersion:   "0.56.0",
+			latestVersion:   v.Must(v.NewSemver("0.56.0")),
+			expectedVersion: "latest",
+			shouldUpdate:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Should not update if daemon version is invalid",
+			daemonVersion:   "development",
+			latestVersion:   v.Must(v.NewSemver("1.0.0")),
+			expectedVersion: "latest",
+			shouldUpdate:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Should not update if expecting latest and latest version is unavailable",
+			daemonVersion:   "0.55.0",
+			latestVersion:   nil,
+			expectedVersion: "latest",
+			shouldUpdate:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Should not update if expected version is invalid",
+			daemonVersion:   "0.55.0",
+			latestVersion:   nil,
+			expectedVersion: "development",
+			shouldUpdate:    false,
+		},
+	}
+	for idx, c := range testMatrix {
+		tmpFile := path.Join(t.TempDir(), fmt.Sprintf("update-test-%d.json", idx))
+		m, _ := newManager(peer.NewRecorder(""), statemanager.New(tmpFile))
+		m.update = &versionUpdateMock{latestVersion: c.latestVersion}
+		targetVersionChan := make(chan string, 1)
+
+		m.triggerUpdateFn = func(ctx context.Context, targetVersion string) error {
+			targetVersionChan <- targetVersion
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		m.currentVersion = c.daemonVersion
+		m.Start(context.Background())
+		m.SetVersion(c.expectedVersion)
+
+		var updateTriggered bool
+		select {
+		case targetVersion := <-targetVersionChan:
+			if c.expectedVersion == "latest" && targetVersion != c.latestVersion.String() {
+				t.Errorf("%s: Update version mismatch, expected %v, got %v", c.name, c.latestVersion.String(), targetVersion)
+			} else if c.expectedVersion != "latest" && targetVersion != c.expectedVersion {
+				t.Errorf("%s: Update version mismatch, expected %v, got %v", c.name, c.expectedVersion, targetVersion)
+			}
+			updateTriggered = true
+		case <-time.After(10 * time.Millisecond):
+			updateTriggered = false
+		}
+
+		if updateTriggered != c.shouldUpdate {
+			t.Errorf("%s: Update trigger mismatch, expected %v, got %v", c.name, c.shouldUpdate, updateTriggered)
+		}
+		m.Stop()
+	}
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/manager_unsupported.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//go:build !windows && !darwin
+
+package updatemanager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
+)
+
+// Manager is a no-op stub for unsupported platforms
+type Manager struct{}
+
+// NewManager returns a no-op manager for unsupported platforms
+func NewManager(statusRecorder *peer.Status, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) (*Manager, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("update manager is not supported on this platform")
+}
+
+// CheckUpdateSuccess is a no-op on unsupported platforms
+func (m *Manager) CheckUpdateSuccess(ctx context.Context) {
+	// no-op
+}
+
+// Start is a no-op on unsupported platforms
+func (m *Manager) Start(ctx context.Context) {
+	// no-op
+}
+
+// SetVersion is a no-op on unsupported platforms
+func (m *Manager) SetVersion(expectedVersion string) {
+	// no-op
+}
+
+// Stop is a no-op on unsupported platforms
+func (m *Manager) Stop() {
+	// no-op
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/artifact.go

@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+package reposign
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"hash"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/blake2s"
+)
+
+const (
+	tagArtifactPrivate = "ARTIFACT PRIVATE KEY"
+	tagArtifactPublic  = "ARTIFACT PUBLIC KEY"
+
+	maxArtifactKeySignatureAge = 10 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour
+	maxArtifactSignatureAge    = 10 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour
+)
+
+// ArtifactHash wraps a hash.Hash and counts bytes written
+type ArtifactHash struct {
+	hash.Hash
+}
+
+// NewArtifactHash returns an initialized ArtifactHash using BLAKE2s
+func NewArtifactHash() *ArtifactHash {
+	h, err := blake2s.New256(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err) // Should never happen with nil Key
+	}
+	return &ArtifactHash{Hash: h}
+}
+
+func (ah *ArtifactHash) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	return ah.Hash.Write(b)
+}
+
+// ArtifactKey is a signing Key used to sign artifacts
+type ArtifactKey struct {
+	PrivateKey
+}
+
+func (k ArtifactKey) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		"ArtifactKey[ID=%s, CreatedAt=%s, ExpiresAt=%s]",
+		k.Metadata.ID,
+		k.Metadata.CreatedAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		k.Metadata.ExpiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+	)
+}
+
+func GenerateArtifactKey(rootKey *RootKey, expiration time.Duration) (*ArtifactKey, []byte, []byte, []byte, error) {
+	// Verify root key is still valid
+	if !rootKey.Metadata.ExpiresAt.IsZero() && time.Now().After(rootKey.Metadata.ExpiresAt) {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("root key has expired on %s", rootKey.Metadata.ExpiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339))
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	expirationTime := now.Add(expiration)
+	pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("generate ed25519 key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	metadata := KeyMetadata{
+		ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+		CreatedAt: now.UTC(),
+		ExpiresAt: expirationTime.UTC(),
+	}
+
+	ak := &ArtifactKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key:      priv,
+			Metadata: metadata,
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Marshal PrivateKey struct to JSON
+	privJSON, err := json.Marshal(ak.PrivateKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal private key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Marshal PublicKey struct to JSON
+	pubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key:      pub,
+		Metadata: metadata,
+	}
+	pubJSON, err := json.Marshal(pubKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal public key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Encode to PEM with metadata embedded in bytes
+	privPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagArtifactPrivate,
+		Bytes: privJSON,
+	})
+
+	pubPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagArtifactPublic,
+		Bytes: pubJSON,
+	})
+
+	// Sign the public key with the root key
+	signature, err := SignArtifactKey(*rootKey, pubPEM)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to sign artifact key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return ak, privPEM, pubPEM, signature, nil
+}
+
+func ParseArtifactKey(privKeyPEM []byte) (ArtifactKey, error) {
+	pk, err := parsePrivateKey(privKeyPEM, tagArtifactPrivate)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ArtifactKey{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse artifact Key: %w", err)
+	}
+	return ArtifactKey{pk}, nil
+}
+
+func ParseArtifactPubKey(data []byte) (PublicKey, error) {
+	pk, _, err := parsePublicKey(data, tagArtifactPublic)
+	return pk, err
+}
+
+func BundleArtifactKeys(rootKey *RootKey, keys []PublicKey) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
+	if len(keys) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil, errors.New("no keys to bundle")
+	}
+
+	// Create bundle by concatenating PEM-encoded keys
+	var pubBundle []byte
+
+	for _, pk := range keys {
+		// Marshal PublicKey struct to JSON
+		pubJSON, err := json.Marshal(pk)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal public key: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// Encode to PEM
+		pubPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+			Type:  tagArtifactPublic,
+			Bytes: pubJSON,
+		})
+
+		pubBundle = append(pubBundle, pubPEM...)
+	}
+
+	// Sign the entire bundle with the root key
+	signature, err := SignArtifactKey(*rootKey, pubBundle)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to sign artifact key bundle: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return pubBundle, signature, nil
+}
+
+func ValidateArtifactKeys(publicRootKeys []PublicKey, data []byte, signature Signature, revocationList *RevocationList) ([]PublicKey, error) {
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	if signature.Timestamp.After(now.Add(maxClockSkew)) {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("signature timestamp is in the future: %v", signature.Timestamp)
+		log.Debugf("artifact signature error: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if now.Sub(signature.Timestamp) > maxArtifactKeySignatureAge {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("signature is too old: %v (created %v)", now.Sub(signature.Timestamp), signature.Timestamp)
+		log.Debugf("artifact signature error: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Reconstruct the signed message: artifact_key_data || timestamp
+	msg := make([]byte, 0, len(data)+8)
+	msg = append(msg, data...)
+	msg = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(msg, uint64(signature.Timestamp.Unix()))
+
+	if !verifyAny(publicRootKeys, msg, signature.Signature) {
+		return nil, errors.New("failed to verify signature of artifact keys")
+	}
+
+	pubKeys, err := parsePublicKeyBundle(data, tagArtifactPublic)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to parse public keys: %s", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	validKeys := make([]PublicKey, 0, len(pubKeys))
+	for _, pubKey := range pubKeys {
+		// Filter out expired keys
+		if !pubKey.Metadata.ExpiresAt.IsZero() && now.After(pubKey.Metadata.ExpiresAt) {
+			log.Debugf("Key %s is expired at %v (current time %v)",
+				pubKey.Metadata.ID, pubKey.Metadata.ExpiresAt, now)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if revocationList != nil {
+			if revTime, revoked := revocationList.Revoked[pubKey.Metadata.ID]; revoked {
+				log.Debugf("Key %s is revoked as of %v (created %v)",
+					pubKey.Metadata.ID, revTime, pubKey.Metadata.CreatedAt)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		validKeys = append(validKeys, pubKey)
+	}
+
+	if len(validKeys) == 0 {
+		log.Debugf("no valid public keys found for artifact keys")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("all %d artifact keys are revoked", len(pubKeys))
+	}
+
+	return validKeys, nil
+}
+
+func ValidateArtifact(artifactPubKeys []PublicKey, data []byte, signature Signature) error {
+	// Validate signature timestamp
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	if signature.Timestamp.After(now.Add(maxClockSkew)) {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("artifact signature timestamp is in the future: %v", signature.Timestamp)
+		log.Debugf("failed to verify signature of artifact: %s", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	if now.Sub(signature.Timestamp) > maxArtifactSignatureAge {
+		return fmt.Errorf("artifact signature is too old: %v (created %v)",
+			now.Sub(signature.Timestamp), signature.Timestamp)
+	}
+
+	h := NewArtifactHash()
+	if _, err := h.Write(data); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to hash artifact: %w", err)
+	}
+	hash := h.Sum(nil)
+
+	// Reconstruct the signed message: hash || length || timestamp
+	msg := make([]byte, 0, len(hash)+8+8)
+	msg = append(msg, hash...)
+	msg = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(msg, uint64(len(data)))
+	msg = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(msg, uint64(signature.Timestamp.Unix()))
+
+	// Find matching Key and verify
+	for _, keyInfo := range artifactPubKeys {
+		if keyInfo.Metadata.ID == signature.KeyID {
+			// Check Key expiration
+			if !keyInfo.Metadata.ExpiresAt.IsZero() &&
+				signature.Timestamp.After(keyInfo.Metadata.ExpiresAt) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("signing Key %s expired at %v, signature from %v",
+					signature.KeyID, keyInfo.Metadata.ExpiresAt, signature.Timestamp)
+			}
+
+			if ed25519.Verify(keyInfo.Key, msg, signature.Signature) {
+				log.Debugf("artifact verified successfully with Key: %s", signature.KeyID)
+				return nil
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("signature verification failed for Key %s", signature.KeyID)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("no signing Key found with ID %s", signature.KeyID)
+}
+
+func SignData(artifactKey ArtifactKey, data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(data) == 0 { // Check happens too late
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("artifact length must be positive, got %d", len(data))
+	}
+
+	h := NewArtifactHash()
+	if _, err := h.Write(data); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to write artifact hash: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	timestamp := time.Now().UTC()
+
+	if !artifactKey.Metadata.ExpiresAt.IsZero() && timestamp.After(artifactKey.Metadata.ExpiresAt) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("artifact key expired at %v", artifactKey.Metadata.ExpiresAt)
+	}
+
+	hash := h.Sum(nil)
+
+	// Create message: hash || length || timestamp
+	msg := make([]byte, 0, len(hash)+8+8)
+	msg = append(msg, hash...)
+	msg = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(msg, uint64(len(data)))
+	msg = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(msg, uint64(timestamp.Unix()))
+
+	sig := ed25519.Sign(artifactKey.Key, msg)
+
+	bundle := Signature{
+		Signature: sig,
+		Timestamp: timestamp,
+		KeyID:     artifactKey.Metadata.ID,
+		Algorithm: "ed25519",
+		HashAlgo:  "blake2s",
+	}
+
+	return json.Marshal(bundle)
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/certs/root-pub.pem

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+-----BEGIN ROOT PUBLIC KEY-----
+eyJLZXkiOiJoaGIxdGRDSEZNMFBuQWp1b2w2cXJ1QXRFbWFFSlg1QjFsZUNxWmpn
+V1pvPSIsIk1ldGFkYXRhIjp7ImlkIjoiOWE0OTg2NmI2MzE2MjNiNCIsImNyZWF0
+ZWRfYXQiOiIyMDI1LTExLTI0VDE3OjE1OjI4LjYyNzE3MzE3MVoiLCJleHBpcmVz
+X2F0IjoiMjAzNS0xMS0yMlQxNzoxNToyOC42MjcxNzMxNzFaIn19
+-----END ROOT PUBLIC KEY-----

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/certsdev/root-pub.pem

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+-----BEGIN ROOT PUBLIC KEY-----
+eyJLZXkiOiJyTDByVTN2MEFOZUNmbDZraitiUUd3TE1waU5CaUJLdVBWSnZtQzgr
+ZS84PSIsIk1ldGFkYXRhIjp7ImlkIjoiMTBkNjQyZTY2N2FmMDNkNCIsImNyZWF0
+ZWRfYXQiOiIyMDI1LTExLTIwVDE3OjI5OjI5LjE4MDk0NjMxNloiLCJleHBpcmVz
+X2F0IjoiMjAyNi0xMS0yMFQxNzoyOToyOS4xODA5NDYzMTZaIn19
+-----END ROOT PUBLIC KEY-----

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+// Package reposign implements a cryptographic signing and verification system
+// for NetBird software update artifacts. It provides a hierarchical key
+// management system with support for key rotation, revocation, and secure
+// artifact distribution.
+//
+// # Architecture
+//
+// The package uses a two-tier key hierarchy:
+//
+//   - Root Keys: Long-lived keys that sign artifact keys. These are embedded
+//     in the client binary and establish the root of trust. Root keys should
+//     be kept offline and highly secured.
+//
+//   - Artifact Keys: Short-lived keys that sign release artifacts (binaries,
+//     packages, etc.). These are rotated regularly and can be revoked if
+//     compromised. Artifact keys are signed by root keys and distributed via
+//     a public repository.
+//
+// This separation allows for operational flexibility: artifact keys can be
+// rotated frequently without requiring client updates, while root keys remain
+// stable and embedded in the software.
+//
+// # Cryptographic Primitives
+//
+// The package uses strong, modern cryptographic algorithms:
+//   - Ed25519: Fast, secure digital signatures (no timing attacks)
+//   - BLAKE2s-256: Fast cryptographic hash for artifacts
+//   - SHA-256: Key ID generation
+//   - JSON: Structured key and signature serialization
+//   - PEM: Standard key encoding format
+//
+// # Security Features
+//
+// Timestamp Binding:
+//   - All signatures include cryptographically-bound timestamps
+//   - Prevents replay attacks and enforces signature freshness
+//   - Clock skew tolerance: 5 minutes
+//
+// Key Expiration:
+//   - All keys have expiration times
+//   - Expired keys are automatically rejected
+//   - Signing with an expired key fails immediately
+//
+// Key Revocation:
+//   - Compromised keys can be revoked via a signed revocation list
+//   - Revocation list is checked during artifact validation
+//   - Revoked keys are filtered out before artifact verification
+//
+// # File Structure
+//
+// The package expects the following file layout in the key repository:
+//
+//	signrepo/
+//	  artifact-key-pub.pem      # Bundle of artifact public keys
+//	  artifact-key-pub.pem.sig  # Root signature of the bundle
+//	  revocation-list.json      # List of revoked key IDs
+//	  revocation-list.json.sig  # Root signature of revocation list
+//
+// And in the artifacts repository:
+//
+//	releases/
+//	  v0.28.0/
+//	    netbird-linux-amd64
+//	    netbird-linux-amd64.sig   # Artifact signature
+//	    netbird-darwin-amd64
+//	    netbird-darwin-amd64.sig
+//	    ...
+//
+// # Embedded Root Keys
+//
+// Root public keys are embedded in the client binary at compile time:
+//   - Production keys: certs/ directory
+//   - Development keys: certsdev/ directory
+//
+// The build tag determines which keys are embedded:
+//   - Production builds: //go:build !devartifactsign
+//   - Development builds: //go:build devartifactsign
+//
+// This ensures that development artifacts cannot be verified using production
+// keys and vice versa.
+//
+// # Key Rotation Strategies
+//
+// Root Key Rotation:
+//
+// Root keys can be rotated without breaking existing clients by leveraging
+// the multi-key verification system. The loadEmbeddedPublicKeys function
+// reads ALL files from the certs/ directory and accepts signatures from ANY
+// of the embedded root keys.
+//
+// To rotate root keys:
+//
+//  1. Generate a new root key pair:
+//     newRootKey, privPEM, pubPEM, err := GenerateRootKey(10 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+//
+//  2. Add the new public key to the certs/ directory as a new file:
+//     certs/
+//     root-pub-2024.pem    # Old key (keep this!)
+//     root-pub-2025.pem    # New key (add this)
+//
+//  3. Build new client versions with both keys embedded. The verification
+//     will accept signatures from either key.
+//
+//  4. Start signing new artifact keys with the new root key. Old clients
+//     with only the old root key will reject these, but new clients with
+//     both keys will accept them.
+//
+// Each file in certs/ can contain a single key or a bundle of keys (multiple
+// PEM blocks). The system will parse all keys from all files and use them
+// for verification. This provides maximum flexibility for key management.
+//
+// Important: Never remove all old root keys at once. Always maintain at least
+// one overlapping key between releases to ensure smooth transitions.
+//
+// Artifact Key Rotation:
+//
+// Artifact keys should be rotated regularly (e.g., every 90 days) using the
+// bundling mechanism. The BundleArtifactKeys function allows multiple artifact
+// keys to be bundled together in a single signed package, and ValidateArtifact
+// will accept signatures from ANY key in the bundle.
+//
+// To rotate artifact keys smoothly:
+//
+//  1. Generate a new artifact key while keeping the old one:
+//     newKey, newPrivPEM, newPubPEM, newSig, err := GenerateArtifactKey(rootKey, 90 * 24 * time.Hour)
+//     // Keep oldPubPEM and oldKey available
+//
+//  2. Create a bundle containing both old and new public keys
+//
+//  3. Upload the bundle and its signature to the key repository:
+//     signrepo/artifact-key-pub.pem      # Contains both keys
+//     signrepo/artifact-key-pub.pem.sig  # Root signature
+//
+//  4. Start signing new releases with the NEW key, but keep the bundle
+//     unchanged. Clients will download the bundle (containing both keys)
+//     and accept signatures from either key.
+//
+// Key bundle validation workflow:
+//  1. Client downloads artifact-key-pub.pem and artifact-key-pub.pem.sig
+//  2. ValidateArtifactKeys verifies the bundle signature with ANY embedded root key
+//  3. ValidateArtifactKeys parses all public keys from the bundle
+//  4. ValidateArtifactKeys filters out expired or revoked keys
+//  5. When verifying an artifact, ValidateArtifact tries each key until one succeeds
+//
+// This multi-key acceptance model enables overlapping validity periods and
+// smooth transitions without client update requirements.
+//
+// # Best Practices
+//
+// Root Key Management:
+//   - Generate root keys offline on an air-gapped machine
+//   - Store root private keys in hardware security modules (HSM) if possible
+//   - Use separate root keys for production and development
+//   - Rotate root keys infrequently (e.g., every 5-10 years)
+//   - Plan for root key rotation: embed multiple root public keys
+//
+// Artifact Key Management:
+//   - Rotate artifact keys regularly (e.g., every 90 days)
+//   - Use separate artifact keys for different release channels if needed
+//   - Revoke keys immediately upon suspected compromise
+//   - Bundle multiple artifact keys to enable smooth rotation
+//
+// Signing Process:
+//   - Sign artifacts in a secure CI/CD environment
+//   - Never commit private keys to version control
+//   - Use environment variables or secret management for keys
+//   - Verify signatures immediately after signing
+//
+// Distribution:
+//   - Serve keys and revocation lists from a reliable CDN
+//   - Use HTTPS for all key and artifact downloads
+//   - Monitor download failures and signature verification failures
+//   - Keep revocation list up to date
+package reposign

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/embed_dev.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//go:build devartifactsign
+
+package reposign
+
+import "embed"
+
+//go:embed certsdev
+var embeddedCerts embed.FS
+
+const embeddedCertsDir = "certsdev"

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/embed_prod.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//go:build !devartifactsign
+
+package reposign
+
+import "embed"
+
+//go:embed certs
+var embeddedCerts embed.FS
+
+const embeddedCertsDir = "certs"

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/key.go

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package reposign
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	maxClockSkew = 5 * time.Minute
+)
+
+// KeyID is a unique identifier for a Key (first 8 bytes of SHA-256 of public Key)
+type KeyID [8]byte
+
+// computeKeyID generates a unique ID from a public Key
+func computeKeyID(pub ed25519.PublicKey) KeyID {
+	h := sha256.Sum256(pub)
+	var id KeyID
+	copy(id[:], h[:8])
+	return id
+}
+
+// MarshalJSON implements json.Marshaler for KeyID
+func (k KeyID) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(k.String())
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON implements json.Unmarshaler for KeyID
+func (k *KeyID) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var s string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &s); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	parsed, err := ParseKeyID(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	*k = parsed
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ParseKeyID parses a hex string (16 hex chars = 8 bytes) into a KeyID.
+func ParseKeyID(s string) (KeyID, error) {
+	var id KeyID
+	if len(s) != 16 {
+		return id, fmt.Errorf("invalid KeyID length: got %d, want 16 hex chars (8 bytes)", len(s))
+	}
+
+	b, err := hex.DecodeString(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return id, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode KeyID: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	copy(id[:], b)
+	return id, nil
+}
+
+func (k KeyID) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%x", k[:])
+}
+
+// KeyMetadata contains versioning and lifecycle information for a Key
+type KeyMetadata struct {
+	ID        KeyID     `json:"id"`
+	CreatedAt time.Time `json:"created_at"`
+	ExpiresAt time.Time `json:"expires_at,omitempty"` // Optional expiration
+}
+
+// PublicKey wraps a public Key with its Metadata
+type PublicKey struct {
+	Key      ed25519.PublicKey
+	Metadata KeyMetadata
+}
+
+func parsePublicKeyBundle(bundle []byte, typeTag string) ([]PublicKey, error) {
+	var keys []PublicKey
+	for len(bundle) > 0 {
+		keyInfo, rest, err := parsePublicKey(bundle, typeTag)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		keys = append(keys, keyInfo)
+		bundle = rest
+	}
+	if len(keys) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("no keys found in bundle")
+	}
+	return keys, nil
+}
+
+func parsePublicKey(data []byte, typeTag string) (PublicKey, []byte, error) {
+	b, rest := pem.Decode(data)
+	if b == nil {
+		return PublicKey{}, nil, errors.New("failed to decode PEM data")
+	}
+	if b.Type != typeTag {
+		return PublicKey{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("PEM type is %q, want %q", b.Type, typeTag)
+	}
+
+	// Unmarshal JSON-embedded format
+	var pub PublicKey
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b.Bytes, &pub); err != nil {
+		return PublicKey{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal public key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Validate key length
+	if len(pub.Key) != ed25519.PublicKeySize {
+		return PublicKey{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("incorrect Ed25519 public key size: expected %d, got %d",
+			ed25519.PublicKeySize, len(pub.Key))
+	}
+
+	// Always recompute ID to ensure integrity
+	pub.Metadata.ID = computeKeyID(pub.Key)
+
+	return pub, rest, nil
+}
+
+type PrivateKey struct {
+	Key      ed25519.PrivateKey
+	Metadata KeyMetadata
+}
+
+func parsePrivateKey(data []byte, typeTag string) (PrivateKey, error) {
+	b, rest := pem.Decode(data)
+	if b == nil {
+		return PrivateKey{}, errors.New("failed to decode PEM data")
+	}
+	if len(rest) > 0 {
+		return PrivateKey{}, errors.New("trailing PEM data")
+	}
+	if b.Type != typeTag {
+		return PrivateKey{}, fmt.Errorf("PEM type is %q, want %q", b.Type, typeTag)
+	}
+
+	// Unmarshal JSON-embedded format
+	var pk PrivateKey
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b.Bytes, &pk); err != nil {
+		return PrivateKey{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal private key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Validate key length
+	if len(pk.Key) != ed25519.PrivateKeySize {
+		return PrivateKey{}, fmt.Errorf("incorrect Ed25519 private key size: expected %d, got %d",
+			ed25519.PrivateKeySize, len(pk.Key))
+	}
+
+	return pk, nil
+}
+
+func verifyAny(publicRootKeys []PublicKey, msg, sig []byte) bool {
+	// Verify with root keys
+	var rootKeys []ed25519.PublicKey
+	for _, r := range publicRootKeys {
+		rootKeys = append(rootKeys, r.Key)
+	}
+
+	for _, k := range rootKeys {
+		if ed25519.Verify(k, msg, sig) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/key_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,636 @@
+package reposign
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// Test KeyID functions
+
+func TestComputeKeyID(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	keyID := computeKeyID(pub)
+
+	// Verify it's the first 8 bytes of SHA-256
+	h := sha256.Sum256(pub)
+	expectedID := KeyID{}
+	copy(expectedID[:], h[:8])
+
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedID, keyID)
+}
+
+func TestComputeKeyID_Deterministic(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Computing KeyID multiple times should give the same result
+	keyID1 := computeKeyID(pub)
+	keyID2 := computeKeyID(pub)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, keyID1, keyID2)
+}
+
+func TestComputeKeyID_DifferentKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	pub1, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pub2, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	keyID1 := computeKeyID(pub1)
+	keyID2 := computeKeyID(pub2)
+
+	// Different keys should produce different IDs
+	assert.NotEqual(t, keyID1, keyID2)
+}
+
+func TestParseKeyID_Valid(t *testing.T) {
+	hexStr := "0123456789abcdef"
+
+	keyID, err := ParseKeyID(hexStr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	expected := KeyID{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab, 0xcd, 0xef}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, keyID)
+}
+
+func TestParseKeyID_InvalidLength(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input string
+	}{
+		{"too short", "01234567"},
+		{"too long", "0123456789abcdef00"},
+		{"empty", ""},
+		{"odd length", "0123456789abcde"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := ParseKeyID(tt.input)
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid KeyID length")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseKeyID_InvalidHex(t *testing.T) {
+	invalidHex := "0123456789abcxyz" // 'xyz' are not valid hex
+
+	_, err := ParseKeyID(invalidHex)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to decode KeyID")
+}
+
+func TestKeyID_String(t *testing.T) {
+	keyID := KeyID{0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab, 0xcd, 0xef}
+
+	str := keyID.String()
+	assert.Equal(t, "0123456789abcdef", str)
+}
+
+func TestKeyID_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	original := "fedcba9876543210"
+
+	keyID, err := ParseKeyID(original)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := keyID.String()
+	assert.Equal(t, original, result)
+}
+
+func TestKeyID_ZeroValue(t *testing.T) {
+	keyID := KeyID{}
+	str := keyID.String()
+	assert.Equal(t, "0000000000000000", str)
+}
+
+// Test KeyMetadata
+
+func TestKeyMetadata_JSONMarshaling(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	metadata := KeyMetadata{
+		ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+		CreatedAt: time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		ExpiresAt: time.Date(2025, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(metadata)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var decoded KeyMetadata
+	err = json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &decoded)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, metadata.ID, decoded.ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, metadata.CreatedAt.Unix(), decoded.CreatedAt.Unix())
+	assert.Equal(t, metadata.ExpiresAt.Unix(), decoded.ExpiresAt.Unix())
+}
+
+func TestKeyMetadata_NoExpiration(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	metadata := KeyMetadata{
+		ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+		CreatedAt: time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		ExpiresAt: time.Time{}, // Zero value = no expiration
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(metadata)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var decoded KeyMetadata
+	err = json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &decoded)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.True(t, decoded.ExpiresAt.IsZero())
+}
+
+// Test PublicKey
+
+func TestPublicKey_JSONMarshaling(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key: pub,
+		Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+			ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			ExpiresAt: time.Now().Add(365 * 24 * time.Hour).UTC(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(pubKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var decoded PublicKey
+	err = json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &decoded)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, pubKey.Key, decoded.Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, pubKey.Metadata.ID, decoded.Metadata.ID)
+}
+
+// Test parsePublicKey
+
+func TestParsePublicKey_Valid(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	metadata := KeyMetadata{
+		ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+		CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		ExpiresAt: time.Now().Add(365 * 24 * time.Hour).UTC(),
+	}
+
+	pubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key:      pub,
+		Metadata: metadata,
+	}
+
+	// Marshal to JSON
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(pubKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Encode to PEM
+	pemData := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagRootPublic,
+		Bytes: jsonData,
+	})
+
+	// Parse it back
+	parsed, rest, err := parsePublicKey(pemData, tagRootPublic)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, rest)
+	assert.Equal(t, pub, parsed.Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, metadata.ID, parsed.Metadata.ID)
+}
+
+func TestParsePublicKey_InvalidPEM(t *testing.T) {
+	invalidPEM := []byte("not a PEM")
+
+	_, _, err := parsePublicKey(invalidPEM, tagRootPublic)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to decode PEM")
+}
+
+func TestParsePublicKey_WrongType(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key: pub,
+		Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+			ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(pubKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Encode with wrong type
+	pemData := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  "WRONG TYPE",
+		Bytes: jsonData,
+	})
+
+	_, _, err = parsePublicKey(pemData, tagRootPublic)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "PEM type")
+}
+
+func TestParsePublicKey_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	pemData := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagRootPublic,
+		Bytes: []byte("invalid json"),
+	})
+
+	_, _, err := parsePublicKey(pemData, tagRootPublic)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to unmarshal")
+}
+
+func TestParsePublicKey_InvalidKeySize(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a public key with wrong size
+	pubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key: []byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03}, // Too short
+		Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+			ID:        KeyID{},
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(pubKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pemData := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagRootPublic,
+		Bytes: jsonData,
+	})
+
+	_, _, err = parsePublicKey(pemData, tagRootPublic)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "incorrect Ed25519 public key size")
+}
+
+func TestParsePublicKey_IDRecomputation(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create a public key with WRONG ID
+	wrongID := KeyID{0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff}
+	pubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key: pub,
+		Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+			ID:        wrongID,
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(pubKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pemData := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagRootPublic,
+		Bytes: jsonData,
+	})
+
+	// Parse should recompute the correct ID
+	parsed, _, err := parsePublicKey(pemData, tagRootPublic)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	correctID := computeKeyID(pub)
+	assert.Equal(t, correctID, parsed.Metadata.ID)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, wrongID, parsed.Metadata.ID)
+}
+
+// Test parsePublicKeyBundle
+
+func TestParsePublicKeyBundle_Single(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key: pub,
+		Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+			ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(pubKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pemData := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagRootPublic,
+		Bytes: jsonData,
+	})
+
+	keys, err := parsePublicKeyBundle(pemData, tagRootPublic)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, keys, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, pub, keys[0].Key)
+}
+
+func TestParsePublicKeyBundle_Multiple(t *testing.T) {
+	var bundle []byte
+
+	// Create 3 keys
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		pubKey := PublicKey{
+			Key: pub,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		}
+
+		jsonData, err := json.Marshal(pubKey)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		pemData := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+			Type:  tagRootPublic,
+			Bytes: jsonData,
+		})
+
+		bundle = append(bundle, pemData...)
+	}
+
+	keys, err := parsePublicKeyBundle(bundle, tagRootPublic)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, keys, 3)
+}
+
+func TestParsePublicKeyBundle_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := parsePublicKeyBundle([]byte{}, tagRootPublic)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "no keys found")
+}
+
+func TestParsePublicKeyBundle_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := parsePublicKeyBundle([]byte("invalid data"), tagRootPublic)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+// Test PrivateKey
+
+func TestPrivateKey_JSONMarshaling(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	privKey := PrivateKey{
+		Key: priv,
+		Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+			ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(privKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var decoded PrivateKey
+	err = json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &decoded)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, privKey.Key, decoded.Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, privKey.Metadata.ID, decoded.Metadata.ID)
+}
+
+// Test parsePrivateKey
+
+func TestParsePrivateKey_Valid(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	privKey := PrivateKey{
+		Key: priv,
+		Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+			ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(privKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pemData := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagRootPrivate,
+		Bytes: jsonData,
+	})
+
+	parsed, err := parsePrivateKey(pemData, tagRootPrivate)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, priv, parsed.Key)
+}
+
+func TestParsePrivateKey_InvalidPEM(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := parsePrivateKey([]byte("not a PEM"), tagRootPrivate)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to decode PEM")
+}
+
+func TestParsePrivateKey_TrailingData(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	privKey := PrivateKey{
+		Key: priv,
+		Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+			ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(privKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pemData := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagRootPrivate,
+		Bytes: jsonData,
+	})
+
+	// Add trailing data
+	pemData = append(pemData, []byte("extra data")...)
+
+	_, err = parsePrivateKey(pemData, tagRootPrivate)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "trailing PEM data")
+}
+
+func TestParsePrivateKey_WrongType(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	privKey := PrivateKey{
+		Key: priv,
+		Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+			ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(privKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pemData := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  "WRONG TYPE",
+		Bytes: jsonData,
+	})
+
+	_, err = parsePrivateKey(pemData, tagRootPrivate)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "PEM type")
+}
+
+func TestParsePrivateKey_InvalidKeySize(t *testing.T) {
+	privKey := PrivateKey{
+		Key: []byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03}, // Too short
+		Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+			ID:        KeyID{},
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(privKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pemData := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagRootPrivate,
+		Bytes: jsonData,
+	})
+
+	_, err = parsePrivateKey(pemData, tagRootPrivate)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "incorrect Ed25519 private key size")
+}
+
+// Test verifyAny
+
+func TestVerifyAny_ValidSignature(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	message := []byte("test message")
+	signature := ed25519.Sign(priv, message)
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{
+			Key: pub,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result := verifyAny(rootKeys, message, signature)
+	assert.True(t, result)
+}
+
+func TestVerifyAny_InvalidSignature(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	message := []byte("test message")
+	invalidSignature := make([]byte, ed25519.SignatureSize)
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{
+			Key: pub,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result := verifyAny(rootKeys, message, invalidSignature)
+	assert.False(t, result)
+}
+
+func TestVerifyAny_MultipleKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create 3 key pairs
+	pub1, priv1, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pub2, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pub3, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	message := []byte("test message")
+	signature := ed25519.Sign(priv1, message)
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{Key: pub2, Metadata: KeyMetadata{ID: computeKeyID(pub2)}},
+		{Key: pub1, Metadata: KeyMetadata{ID: computeKeyID(pub1)}}, // Correct key in middle
+		{Key: pub3, Metadata: KeyMetadata{ID: computeKeyID(pub3)}},
+	}
+
+	result := verifyAny(rootKeys, message, signature)
+	assert.True(t, result)
+}
+
+func TestVerifyAny_NoMatchingKey(t *testing.T) {
+	_, priv1, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pub2, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	message := []byte("test message")
+	signature := ed25519.Sign(priv1, message)
+
+	// Only include pub2, not pub1
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{Key: pub2, Metadata: KeyMetadata{ID: computeKeyID(pub2)}},
+	}
+
+	result := verifyAny(rootKeys, message, signature)
+	assert.False(t, result)
+}
+
+func TestVerifyAny_EmptyKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	message := []byte("test message")
+	signature := make([]byte, ed25519.SignatureSize)
+
+	result := verifyAny([]PublicKey{}, message, signature)
+	assert.False(t, result)
+}
+
+func TestVerifyAny_TamperedMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	message := []byte("test message")
+	signature := ed25519.Sign(priv, message)
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{Key: pub, Metadata: KeyMetadata{ID: computeKeyID(pub)}},
+	}
+
+	// Verify with different message
+	tamperedMessage := []byte("different message")
+	result := verifyAny(rootKeys, tamperedMessage, signature)
+	assert.False(t, result)
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/revocation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+package reposign
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	maxRevocationSignatureAge       = 10 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour
+	defaultRevocationListExpiration = 365 * 24 * time.Hour
+)
+
+type RevocationList struct {
+	Revoked     map[KeyID]time.Time `json:"revoked"`      // KeyID -> revocation time
+	LastUpdated time.Time           `json:"last_updated"` // When the list was last modified
+	ExpiresAt   time.Time           `json:"expires_at"`   // When the list expires
+}
+
+func (rl RevocationList) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	// Convert map[KeyID]time.Time to map[string]time.Time
+	strMap := make(map[string]time.Time, len(rl.Revoked))
+	for k, v := range rl.Revoked {
+		strMap[k.String()] = v
+	}
+
+	return json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{
+		"revoked":      strMap,
+		"last_updated": rl.LastUpdated,
+		"expires_at":   rl.ExpiresAt,
+	})
+}
+
+func (rl *RevocationList) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var temp struct {
+		Revoked     map[string]time.Time `json:"revoked"`
+		LastUpdated time.Time            `json:"last_updated"`
+		ExpiresAt   time.Time            `json:"expires_at"`
+		Version     int                  `json:"version"`
+	}
+
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &temp); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Convert map[string]time.Time back to map[KeyID]time.Time
+	rl.Revoked = make(map[KeyID]time.Time, len(temp.Revoked))
+	for k, v := range temp.Revoked {
+		kid, err := ParseKeyID(k)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse KeyID %q: %w", k, err)
+		}
+		rl.Revoked[kid] = v
+	}
+
+	rl.LastUpdated = temp.LastUpdated
+	rl.ExpiresAt = temp.ExpiresAt
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func ParseRevocationList(data []byte) (*RevocationList, error) {
+	var rl RevocationList
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &rl); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal revocation list: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Initialize the map if it's nil (in case of empty JSON object)
+	if rl.Revoked == nil {
+		rl.Revoked = make(map[KeyID]time.Time)
+	}
+
+	if rl.LastUpdated.IsZero() {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("revocation list missing last_updated timestamp")
+	}
+
+	if rl.ExpiresAt.IsZero() {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("revocation list missing expires_at timestamp")
+	}
+
+	return &rl, nil
+}
+
+func ValidateRevocationList(publicRootKeys []PublicKey, data []byte, signature Signature) (*RevocationList, error) {
+	revoList, err := ParseRevocationList(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to parse revocation list: %s", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+
+	// Validate signature timestamp
+	if signature.Timestamp.After(now.Add(maxClockSkew)) {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("revocation signature timestamp is in the future: %v", signature.Timestamp)
+		log.Debugf("revocation list signature error: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if now.Sub(signature.Timestamp) > maxRevocationSignatureAge {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("revocation list signature is too old: %v (created %v)",
+			now.Sub(signature.Timestamp), signature.Timestamp)
+		log.Debugf("revocation list signature error: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Ensure LastUpdated is not in the future (with clock skew tolerance)
+	if revoList.LastUpdated.After(now.Add(maxClockSkew)) {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("revocation list LastUpdated is in the future: %v", revoList.LastUpdated)
+		log.Errorf("rejecting future-dated revocation list: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Check if the revocation list has expired
+	if now.After(revoList.ExpiresAt) {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("revocation list expired at %v (current time: %v)", revoList.ExpiresAt, now)
+		log.Errorf("rejecting expired revocation list: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Ensure ExpiresAt is not in the future by more than the expected expiration window
+	// (allows some clock skew but prevents maliciously long expiration times)
+	if revoList.ExpiresAt.After(now.Add(maxRevocationSignatureAge)) {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("revocation list ExpiresAt is too far in the future: %v", revoList.ExpiresAt)
+		log.Errorf("rejecting revocation list with invalid expiration: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Validate signature timestamp is close to LastUpdated
+	// (prevents signing old lists with new timestamps)
+	timeDiff := signature.Timestamp.Sub(revoList.LastUpdated).Abs()
+	if timeDiff > maxClockSkew {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("signature timestamp %v differs too much from list LastUpdated %v (diff: %v)",
+			signature.Timestamp, revoList.LastUpdated, timeDiff)
+		log.Errorf("timestamp mismatch in revocation list: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Reconstruct the signed message: revocation_list_data || timestamp || version
+	msg := make([]byte, 0, len(data)+8)
+	msg = append(msg, data...)
+	msg = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(msg, uint64(signature.Timestamp.Unix()))
+
+	if !verifyAny(publicRootKeys, msg, signature.Signature) {
+		return nil, errors.New("revocation list verification failed")
+	}
+	return revoList, nil
+}
+
+func CreateRevocationList(privateRootKey RootKey, expiration time.Duration) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	rl := RevocationList{
+		Revoked:     make(map[KeyID]time.Time),
+		LastUpdated: now.UTC(),
+		ExpiresAt:   now.Add(expiration).UTC(),
+	}
+
+	signature, err := signRevocationList(privateRootKey, rl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to sign revocation list: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	rlData, err := json.Marshal(&rl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal revocation list: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	signData, err := json.Marshal(signature)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal signature: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return rlData, signData, nil
+}
+
+func ExtendRevocationList(privateRootKey RootKey, rl RevocationList, kid KeyID, expiration time.Duration) ([]byte, []byte, error) {
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+
+	rl.Revoked[kid] = now
+	rl.LastUpdated = now
+	rl.ExpiresAt = now.Add(expiration)
+
+	signature, err := signRevocationList(privateRootKey, rl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to sign revocation list: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	rlData, err := json.Marshal(&rl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal revocation list: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	signData, err := json.Marshal(signature)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal signature: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return rlData, signData, nil
+}
+
+func signRevocationList(privateRootKey RootKey, rl RevocationList) (*Signature, error) {
+	data, err := json.Marshal(rl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal revocation list for signing: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	timestamp := time.Now().UTC()
+
+	msg := make([]byte, 0, len(data)+8)
+	msg = append(msg, data...)
+	msg = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(msg, uint64(timestamp.Unix()))
+
+	sig := ed25519.Sign(privateRootKey.Key, msg)
+
+	signature := &Signature{
+		Signature: sig,
+		Timestamp: timestamp,
+		KeyID:     privateRootKey.Metadata.ID,
+		Algorithm: "ed25519",
+		HashAlgo:  "sha512",
+	}
+
+	return signature, nil
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/revocation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,860 @@
+package reposign
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// Test RevocationList marshaling/unmarshaling
+
+func TestRevocationList_MarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	keyID := computeKeyID(pub)
+	revokedTime := time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	lastUpdated := time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 11, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	expiresAt := time.Date(2024, 4, 15, 11, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	rl := &RevocationList{
+		Revoked: map[KeyID]time.Time{
+			keyID: revokedTime,
+		},
+		LastUpdated: lastUpdated,
+		ExpiresAt:   expiresAt,
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(rl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify it can be unmarshaled back
+	var decoded map[string]interface{}
+	err = json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &decoded)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, decoded, "revoked")
+	assert.Contains(t, decoded, "last_updated")
+	assert.Contains(t, decoded, "expires_at")
+}
+
+func TestRevocationList_UnmarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	keyID := computeKeyID(pub)
+	revokedTime := time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	lastUpdated := time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 11, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	jsonData := map[string]interface{}{
+		"revoked": map[string]string{
+			keyID.String(): revokedTime.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		},
+		"last_updated": lastUpdated.Format(time.RFC3339),
+	}
+
+	jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(jsonData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var rl RevocationList
+	err = json.Unmarshal(jsonBytes, &rl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Len(t, rl.Revoked, 1)
+	assert.Contains(t, rl.Revoked, keyID)
+	assert.Equal(t, lastUpdated.Unix(), rl.LastUpdated.Unix())
+}
+
+func TestRevocationList_MarshalUnmarshal_Roundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	pub1, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	pub2, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	keyID1 := computeKeyID(pub1)
+	keyID2 := computeKeyID(pub2)
+
+	original := &RevocationList{
+		Revoked: map[KeyID]time.Time{
+			keyID1: time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+			keyID2: time.Date(2024, 2, 20, 14, 45, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		},
+		LastUpdated: time.Date(2024, 2, 20, 15, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	}
+
+	// Marshal
+	jsonData, err := original.MarshalJSON()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Unmarshal
+	var decoded RevocationList
+	err = decoded.UnmarshalJSON(jsonData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify
+	assert.Len(t, decoded.Revoked, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Revoked[keyID1].Unix(), decoded.Revoked[keyID1].Unix())
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Revoked[keyID2].Unix(), decoded.Revoked[keyID2].Unix())
+	assert.Equal(t, original.LastUpdated.Unix(), decoded.LastUpdated.Unix())
+}
+
+func TestRevocationList_UnmarshalJSON_InvalidKeyID(t *testing.T) {
+	jsonData := []byte(`{
+		"revoked": {
+			"invalid_key_id": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
+		},
+		"last_updated": "2024-01-15T11:00:00Z"
+	}`)
+
+	var rl RevocationList
+	err := json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &rl)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to parse KeyID")
+}
+
+func TestRevocationList_EmptyRevoked(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := &RevocationList{
+		Revoked:     make(map[KeyID]time.Time),
+		LastUpdated: time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := rl.MarshalJSON()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var decoded RevocationList
+	err = decoded.UnmarshalJSON(jsonData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, decoded.Revoked)
+	assert.NotNil(t, decoded.Revoked)
+}
+
+// Test ParseRevocationList
+
+func TestParseRevocationList_Valid(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	keyID := computeKeyID(pub)
+	revokedTime := time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	lastUpdated := time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 11, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	rl := RevocationList{
+		Revoked: map[KeyID]time.Time{
+			keyID: revokedTime,
+		},
+		LastUpdated: lastUpdated,
+		ExpiresAt:   time.Date(2025, 2, 20, 14, 45, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := rl.MarshalJSON()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	parsed, err := ParseRevocationList(jsonData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, parsed)
+	assert.Len(t, parsed.Revoked, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, lastUpdated.Unix(), parsed.LastUpdated.Unix())
+}
+
+func TestParseRevocationList_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	invalidJSON := []byte("not valid json")
+
+	_, err := ParseRevocationList(invalidJSON)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to unmarshal")
+}
+
+func TestParseRevocationList_MissingLastUpdated(t *testing.T) {
+	jsonData := []byte(`{
+		"revoked": {}
+	}`)
+
+	_, err := ParseRevocationList(jsonData)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "missing last_updated")
+}
+
+func TestParseRevocationList_EmptyObject(t *testing.T) {
+	jsonData := []byte(`{}`)
+
+	_, err := ParseRevocationList(jsonData)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "missing last_updated")
+}
+
+func TestParseRevocationList_NilRevoked(t *testing.T) {
+	lastUpdated := time.Now().UTC()
+	expiresAt := lastUpdated.Add(90 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	jsonData := []byte(`{
+		"last_updated": "` + lastUpdated.Format(time.RFC3339) + `",
+		"expires_at": "` + expiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339) + `"
+	}`)
+
+	parsed, err := ParseRevocationList(jsonData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, parsed.Revoked)
+	assert.Empty(t, parsed.Revoked)
+}
+
+func TestParseRevocationList_MissingExpiresAt(t *testing.T) {
+	lastUpdated := time.Now().UTC()
+	jsonData := []byte(`{
+		"revoked": {},
+		"last_updated": "` + lastUpdated.Format(time.RFC3339) + `"
+	}`)
+
+	_, err := ParseRevocationList(jsonData)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "missing expires_at")
+}
+
+// Test ValidateRevocationList
+
+func TestValidateRevocationList_Valid(t *testing.T) {
+	// Generate root key
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{
+			Key: rootPub,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Create revocation list
+	rlData, sigData, err := CreateRevocationList(rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	signature, err := ParseSignature(sigData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Validate
+	rl, err := ValidateRevocationList(rootKeys, rlData, *signature)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, rl)
+	assert.Empty(t, rl.Revoked)
+}
+
+func TestValidateRevocationList_InvalidSignature(t *testing.T) {
+	// Generate root key
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{
+			Key: rootPub,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Create revocation list
+	rlData, _, err := CreateRevocationList(rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create invalid signature
+	invalidSig := Signature{
+		Signature: make([]byte, 64),
+		Timestamp: time.Now().UTC(),
+		KeyID:     computeKeyID(rootPub),
+		Algorithm: "ed25519",
+		HashAlgo:  "sha512",
+	}
+
+	// Validate should fail
+	_, err = ValidateRevocationList(rootKeys, rlData, invalidSig)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "verification failed")
+}
+
+func TestValidateRevocationList_FutureTimestamp(t *testing.T) {
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{
+			Key: rootPub,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	rlData, sigData, err := CreateRevocationList(rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	signature, err := ParseSignature(sigData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Modify timestamp to be in the future
+	signature.Timestamp = time.Now().UTC().Add(10 * time.Minute)
+
+	_, err = ValidateRevocationList(rootKeys, rlData, *signature)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "in the future")
+}
+
+func TestValidateRevocationList_TooOld(t *testing.T) {
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{
+			Key: rootPub,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	rlData, sigData, err := CreateRevocationList(rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	signature, err := ParseSignature(sigData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Modify timestamp to be too old
+	signature.Timestamp = time.Now().UTC().Add(-20 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+
+	_, err = ValidateRevocationList(rootKeys, rlData, *signature)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "too old")
+}
+
+func TestValidateRevocationList_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	rootPub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{
+			Key: rootPub,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	signature := Signature{
+		Signature: make([]byte, 64),
+		Timestamp: time.Now().UTC(),
+		KeyID:     computeKeyID(rootPub),
+		Algorithm: "ed25519",
+		HashAlgo:  "sha512",
+	}
+
+	_, err = ValidateRevocationList(rootKeys, []byte("invalid json"), signature)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestValidateRevocationList_FutureLastUpdated(t *testing.T) {
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{
+			Key: rootPub,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Create revocation list with future LastUpdated
+	rl := RevocationList{
+		Revoked:     make(map[KeyID]time.Time),
+		LastUpdated: time.Now().UTC().Add(10 * time.Minute),
+		ExpiresAt:   time.Now().UTC().Add(365 * 24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	rlData, err := json.Marshal(rl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Sign it
+	sig, err := signRevocationList(rootKey, rl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = ValidateRevocationList(rootKeys, rlData, *sig)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "LastUpdated is in the future")
+}
+
+func TestValidateRevocationList_TimestampMismatch(t *testing.T) {
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{
+			Key: rootPub,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Create revocation list with LastUpdated far in the past
+	rl := RevocationList{
+		Revoked:     make(map[KeyID]time.Time),
+		LastUpdated: time.Now().UTC().Add(-1 * time.Hour),
+		ExpiresAt:   time.Now().UTC().Add(365 * 24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	rlData, err := json.Marshal(rl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Sign it with current timestamp
+	sig, err := signRevocationList(rootKey, rl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Modify signature timestamp to differ too much from LastUpdated
+	sig.Timestamp = time.Now().UTC()
+
+	_, err = ValidateRevocationList(rootKeys, rlData, *sig)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "differs too much")
+}
+
+func TestValidateRevocationList_Expired(t *testing.T) {
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{
+			Key: rootPub,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Create revocation list that expired in the past
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	rl := RevocationList{
+		Revoked:     make(map[KeyID]time.Time),
+		LastUpdated: now.Add(-100 * 24 * time.Hour),
+		ExpiresAt:   now.Add(-10 * 24 * time.Hour), // Expired 10 days ago
+	}
+
+	rlData, err := json.Marshal(rl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Sign it
+	sig, err := signRevocationList(rootKey, rl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// Adjust signature timestamp to match LastUpdated
+	sig.Timestamp = rl.LastUpdated
+
+	_, err = ValidateRevocationList(rootKeys, rlData, *sig)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "expired")
+}
+
+func TestValidateRevocationList_ExpiresAtTooFarInFuture(t *testing.T) {
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{
+			Key: rootPub,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Create revocation list with ExpiresAt too far in the future (beyond maxRevocationSignatureAge)
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	rl := RevocationList{
+		Revoked:     make(map[KeyID]time.Time),
+		LastUpdated: now,
+		ExpiresAt:   now.Add(15 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour), // 15 years in the future
+	}
+
+	rlData, err := json.Marshal(rl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Sign it
+	sig, err := signRevocationList(rootKey, rl)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = ValidateRevocationList(rootKeys, rlData, *sig)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "too far in the future")
+}
+
+// Test CreateRevocationList
+
+func TestCreateRevocationList_Valid(t *testing.T) {
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	rlData, sigData, err := CreateRevocationList(rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, rlData)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sigData)
+
+	// Verify it can be parsed
+	rl, err := ParseRevocationList(rlData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, rl.Revoked)
+	assert.False(t, rl.LastUpdated.IsZero())
+
+	// Verify signature can be parsed
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(sigData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sig.Signature)
+}
+
+// Test ExtendRevocationList
+
+func TestExtendRevocationList_AddKey(t *testing.T) {
+	// Generate root key
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Create empty revocation list
+	rlData, _, err := CreateRevocationList(rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rl, err := ParseRevocationList(rlData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, rl.Revoked)
+
+	// Generate a key to revoke
+	revokedPub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	revokedKeyID := computeKeyID(revokedPub)
+
+	// Extend the revocation list
+	newRLData, newSigData, err := ExtendRevocationList(rootKey, *rl, revokedKeyID, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify the new list
+	newRL, err := ParseRevocationList(newRLData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, newRL.Revoked, 1)
+	assert.Contains(t, newRL.Revoked, revokedKeyID)
+
+	// Verify signature
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(newSigData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sig.Signature)
+}
+
+func TestExtendRevocationList_MultipleKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Create empty revocation list
+	rlData, _, err := CreateRevocationList(rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rl, err := ParseRevocationList(rlData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Add first key
+	key1Pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	key1ID := computeKeyID(key1Pub)
+
+	rlData, _, err = ExtendRevocationList(rootKey, *rl, key1ID, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rl, err = ParseRevocationList(rlData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, rl.Revoked, 1)
+
+	// Add second key
+	key2Pub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	key2ID := computeKeyID(key2Pub)
+
+	rlData, _, err = ExtendRevocationList(rootKey, *rl, key2ID, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rl, err = ParseRevocationList(rlData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, rl.Revoked, 2)
+	assert.Contains(t, rl.Revoked, key1ID)
+	assert.Contains(t, rl.Revoked, key2ID)
+}
+
+func TestExtendRevocationList_DuplicateKey(t *testing.T) {
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Create empty revocation list
+	rlData, _, err := CreateRevocationList(rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rl, err := ParseRevocationList(rlData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Add a key
+	keyPub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	keyID := computeKeyID(keyPub)
+
+	rlData, _, err = ExtendRevocationList(rootKey, *rl, keyID, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rl, err = ParseRevocationList(rlData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	firstRevocationTime := rl.Revoked[keyID]
+
+	// Wait a bit
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Add the same key again
+	rlData, _, err = ExtendRevocationList(rootKey, *rl, keyID, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rl, err = ParseRevocationList(rlData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, rl.Revoked, 1)
+
+	// The revocation time should be updated
+	secondRevocationTime := rl.Revoked[keyID]
+	assert.True(t, secondRevocationTime.After(firstRevocationTime) || secondRevocationTime.Equal(firstRevocationTime))
+}
+
+func TestExtendRevocationList_UpdatesLastUpdated(t *testing.T) {
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Create revocation list
+	rlData, _, err := CreateRevocationList(rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rl, err := ParseRevocationList(rlData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	firstLastUpdated := rl.LastUpdated
+
+	// Wait a bit
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Extend list
+	keyPub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	keyID := computeKeyID(keyPub)
+
+	rlData, _, err = ExtendRevocationList(rootKey, *rl, keyID, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rl, err = ParseRevocationList(rlData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// LastUpdated should be updated
+	assert.True(t, rl.LastUpdated.After(firstLastUpdated))
+}
+
+// Integration test
+
+func TestRevocationList_FullWorkflow(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create root key
+	rootPub, rootPriv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: rootPriv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	rootKeys := []PublicKey{
+		{
+			Key: rootPub,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(rootPub),
+				CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Step 1: Create empty revocation list
+	rlData, sigData, err := CreateRevocationList(rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Step 2: Validate it
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(sigData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rl, err := ValidateRevocationList(rootKeys, rlData, *sig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, rl.Revoked)
+
+	// Step 3: Revoke a key
+	revokedPub, _, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	revokedKeyID := computeKeyID(revokedPub)
+
+	rlData, sigData, err = ExtendRevocationList(rootKey, *rl, revokedKeyID, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Step 4: Validate the extended list
+	sig, err = ParseSignature(sigData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rl, err = ValidateRevocationList(rootKeys, rlData, *sig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, rl.Revoked, 1)
+	assert.Contains(t, rl.Revoked, revokedKeyID)
+
+	// Step 5: Verify the revocation time is reasonable
+	revTime := rl.Revoked[revokedKeyID]
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	assert.True(t, revTime.Before(now) || revTime.Equal(now))
+	assert.True(t, now.Sub(revTime) < time.Minute)
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/root.go

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package reposign
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	tagRootPrivate = "ROOT PRIVATE KEY"
+	tagRootPublic  = "ROOT PUBLIC KEY"
+)
+
+// RootKey is a root Key used to sign signing keys
+type RootKey struct {
+	PrivateKey
+}
+
+func (k RootKey) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		"RootKey[ID=%s, CreatedAt=%s, ExpiresAt=%s]",
+		k.Metadata.ID,
+		k.Metadata.CreatedAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		k.Metadata.ExpiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+	)
+}
+
+func ParseRootKey(privKeyPEM []byte) (*RootKey, error) {
+	pk, err := parsePrivateKey(privKeyPEM, tagRootPrivate)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse root Key: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &RootKey{pk}, nil
+}
+
+// ParseRootPublicKey parses a root public key from PEM format
+func ParseRootPublicKey(pubKeyPEM []byte) (PublicKey, error) {
+	pk, _, err := parsePublicKey(pubKeyPEM, tagRootPublic)
+	if err != nil {
+		return PublicKey{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse root public key: %w", err)
+	}
+	return pk, nil
+}
+
+// GenerateRootKey generates a new root Key pair with Metadata
+func GenerateRootKey(expiration time.Duration) (*RootKey, []byte, []byte, error) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	expirationTime := now.Add(expiration)
+	pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	metadata := KeyMetadata{
+		ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+		CreatedAt: now.UTC(),
+		ExpiresAt: expirationTime.UTC(),
+	}
+
+	rk := &RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key:      priv,
+			Metadata: metadata,
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Marshal PrivateKey struct to JSON
+	privJSON, err := json.Marshal(rk.PrivateKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal private key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Marshal PublicKey struct to JSON
+	pubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key:      pub,
+		Metadata: metadata,
+	}
+	pubJSON, err := json.Marshal(pubKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal public key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Encode to PEM with metadata embedded in bytes
+	privPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagRootPrivate,
+		Bytes: privJSON,
+	})
+
+	pubPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagRootPublic,
+		Bytes: pubJSON,
+	})
+
+	return rk, privPEM, pubPEM, nil
+}
+
+func SignArtifactKey(rootKey RootKey, data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	timestamp := time.Now().UTC()
+
+	// This ensures the timestamp is cryptographically bound to the signature
+	msg := make([]byte, 0, len(data)+8)
+	msg = append(msg, data...)
+	msg = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(msg, uint64(timestamp.Unix()))
+
+	sig := ed25519.Sign(rootKey.Key, msg)
+	// Create signature bundle with timestamp and Metadata
+	bundle := Signature{
+		Signature: sig,
+		Timestamp: timestamp,
+		KeyID:     rootKey.Metadata.ID,
+		Algorithm: "ed25519",
+		HashAlgo:  "sha512",
+	}
+
+	return json.Marshal(bundle)
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/root_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+package reposign
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// Test RootKey.String()
+
+func TestRootKey_String(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	createdAt := time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	expiresAt := time.Date(2034, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	rk := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: priv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+				CreatedAt: createdAt,
+				ExpiresAt: expiresAt,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	str := rk.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, str, "RootKey")
+	assert.Contains(t, str, computeKeyID(pub).String())
+	assert.Contains(t, str, "2024-01-15")
+	assert.Contains(t, str, "2034-01-15")
+}
+
+func TestRootKey_String_NoExpiration(t *testing.T) {
+	pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	createdAt := time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	rk := RootKey{
+		PrivateKey{
+			Key: priv,
+			Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+				ID:        computeKeyID(pub),
+				CreatedAt: createdAt,
+				ExpiresAt: time.Time{}, // No expiration
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	str := rk.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, str, "RootKey")
+	assert.Contains(t, str, "0001-01-01") // Zero time format
+}
+
+// Test GenerateRootKey
+
+func TestGenerateRootKey_Valid(t *testing.T) {
+	expiration := 10 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour // 10 years
+
+	rk, privPEM, pubPEM, err := GenerateRootKey(expiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, rk)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, privPEM)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, pubPEM)
+
+	// Verify the key has correct metadata
+	assert.False(t, rk.Metadata.CreatedAt.IsZero())
+	assert.False(t, rk.Metadata.ExpiresAt.IsZero())
+	assert.True(t, rk.Metadata.ExpiresAt.After(rk.Metadata.CreatedAt))
+
+	// Verify expiration is approximately correct
+	expectedExpiration := time.Now().Add(expiration)
+	timeDiff := rk.Metadata.ExpiresAt.Sub(expectedExpiration)
+	assert.True(t, timeDiff < time.Minute && timeDiff > -time.Minute)
+}
+
+func TestGenerateRootKey_ShortExpiration(t *testing.T) {
+	expiration := 24 * time.Hour // 1 day
+
+	rk, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(expiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, rk)
+
+	// Verify expiration
+	expectedExpiration := time.Now().Add(expiration)
+	timeDiff := rk.Metadata.ExpiresAt.Sub(expectedExpiration)
+	assert.True(t, timeDiff < time.Minute && timeDiff > -time.Minute)
+}
+
+func TestGenerateRootKey_ZeroExpiration(t *testing.T) {
+	rk, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(0)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, rk)
+
+	// With zero expiration, ExpiresAt should be equal to CreatedAt
+	assert.Equal(t, rk.Metadata.CreatedAt, rk.Metadata.ExpiresAt)
+}
+
+func TestGenerateRootKey_PEMFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	rk, privPEM, pubPEM, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify private key PEM
+	privBlock, _ := pem.Decode(privPEM)
+	require.NotNil(t, privBlock)
+	assert.Equal(t, tagRootPrivate, privBlock.Type)
+
+	var privKey PrivateKey
+	err = json.Unmarshal(privBlock.Bytes, &privKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, rk.Key, privKey.Key)
+
+	// Verify public key PEM
+	pubBlock, _ := pem.Decode(pubPEM)
+	require.NotNil(t, pubBlock)
+	assert.Equal(t, tagRootPublic, pubBlock.Type)
+
+	var pubKey PublicKey
+	err = json.Unmarshal(pubBlock.Bytes, &pubKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, rk.Metadata.ID, pubKey.Metadata.ID)
+}
+
+func TestGenerateRootKey_KeySize(t *testing.T) {
+	rk, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Ed25519 private key should be 64 bytes
+	assert.Equal(t, ed25519.PrivateKeySize, len(rk.Key))
+
+	// Ed25519 public key should be 32 bytes
+	pubKey := rk.Key.Public().(ed25519.PublicKey)
+	assert.Equal(t, ed25519.PublicKeySize, len(pubKey))
+}
+
+func TestGenerateRootKey_UniqueKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	rk1, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rk2, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Different keys should have different IDs
+	assert.NotEqual(t, rk1.Metadata.ID, rk2.Metadata.ID)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, rk1.Key, rk2.Key)
+}
+
+// Test ParseRootKey
+
+func TestParseRootKey_Valid(t *testing.T) {
+	original, privPEM, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	parsed, err := ParseRootKey(privPEM)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, parsed)
+
+	// Verify the parsed key matches the original
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Key, parsed.Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Metadata.ID, parsed.Metadata.ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Metadata.CreatedAt.Unix(), parsed.Metadata.CreatedAt.Unix())
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Metadata.ExpiresAt.Unix(), parsed.Metadata.ExpiresAt.Unix())
+}
+
+func TestParseRootKey_InvalidPEM(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := ParseRootKey([]byte("not a valid PEM"))
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to parse")
+}
+
+func TestParseRootKey_EmptyData(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := ParseRootKey([]byte{})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestParseRootKey_WrongType(t *testing.T) {
+	// Generate an artifact key instead of root key
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactKey, privPEM, _, _, err := GenerateArtifactKey(rootKey, 30*24*time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Try to parse artifact key as root key
+	_, err = ParseRootKey(privPEM)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "PEM type")
+
+	// Just to use artifactKey to avoid unused variable warning
+	_ = artifactKey
+}
+
+func TestParseRootKey_CorruptedJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create PEM with corrupted JSON
+	corruptedPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagRootPrivate,
+		Bytes: []byte("corrupted json data"),
+	})
+
+	_, err := ParseRootKey(corruptedPEM)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestParseRootKey_InvalidKeySize(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a key with invalid size
+	invalidKey := PrivateKey{
+		Key: []byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03}, // Too short
+		Metadata: KeyMetadata{
+			ID:        KeyID{},
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	privJSON, err := json.Marshal(invalidKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	invalidPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagRootPrivate,
+		Bytes: privJSON,
+	})
+
+	_, err = ParseRootKey(invalidPEM)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "incorrect Ed25519 private key size")
+}
+
+func TestParseRootKey_Roundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	// Generate a key
+	original, privPEM, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Parse it
+	parsed, err := ParseRootKey(privPEM)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Generate PEM again from parsed key
+	privJSON2, err := json.Marshal(parsed.PrivateKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	privPEM2 := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
+		Type:  tagRootPrivate,
+		Bytes: privJSON2,
+	})
+
+	// Parse again
+	parsed2, err := ParseRootKey(privPEM2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Should still match original
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Key, parsed2.Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Metadata.ID, parsed2.Metadata.ID)
+}
+
+// Test SignArtifactKey
+
+func TestSignArtifactKey_Valid(t *testing.T) {
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	data := []byte("test data to sign")
+	sigData, err := SignArtifactKey(*rootKey, data)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sigData)
+
+	// Parse and verify signature
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(sigData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sig.Signature)
+	assert.Equal(t, rootKey.Metadata.ID, sig.KeyID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ed25519", sig.Algorithm)
+	assert.Equal(t, "sha512", sig.HashAlgo)
+	assert.False(t, sig.Timestamp.IsZero())
+}
+
+func TestSignArtifactKey_EmptyData(t *testing.T) {
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sigData, err := SignArtifactKey(*rootKey, []byte{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sigData)
+
+	// Should still be able to parse
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(sigData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sig.Signature)
+}
+
+func TestSignArtifactKey_Verify(t *testing.T) {
+	rootKey, _, pubPEM, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Parse public key
+	pubKey, _, err := parsePublicKey(pubPEM, tagRootPublic)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Sign some data
+	data := []byte("test data for verification")
+	sigData, err := SignArtifactKey(*rootKey, data)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Parse signature
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(sigData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Reconstruct message
+	msg := make([]byte, 0, len(data)+8)
+	msg = append(msg, data...)
+	msg = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(msg, uint64(sig.Timestamp.Unix()))
+
+	// Verify signature
+	valid := ed25519.Verify(pubKey.Key, msg, sig.Signature)
+	assert.True(t, valid)
+}
+
+func TestSignArtifactKey_DifferentData(t *testing.T) {
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	data1 := []byte("data1")
+	data2 := []byte("data2")
+
+	sig1, err := SignArtifactKey(*rootKey, data1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sig2, err := SignArtifactKey(*rootKey, data2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Different data should produce different signatures
+	assert.NotEqual(t, sig1, sig2)
+}
+
+func TestSignArtifactKey_MultipleSignatures(t *testing.T) {
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	data := []byte("test data")
+
+	// Sign twice with a small delay
+	sig1, err := SignArtifactKey(*rootKey, data)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	sig2, err := SignArtifactKey(*rootKey, data)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Signatures should be different due to different timestamps
+	assert.NotEqual(t, sig1, sig2)
+
+	// Parse both signatures
+	parsed1, err := ParseSignature(sig1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	parsed2, err := ParseSignature(sig2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Timestamps should be different
+	assert.True(t, parsed2.Timestamp.After(parsed1.Timestamp))
+}
+
+func TestSignArtifactKey_LargeData(t *testing.T) {
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create 1MB of data
+	largeData := make([]byte, 1024*1024)
+	for i := range largeData {
+		largeData[i] = byte(i % 256)
+	}
+
+	sigData, err := SignArtifactKey(*rootKey, largeData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sigData)
+
+	// Verify signature can be parsed
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(sigData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sig.Signature)
+}
+
+func TestSignArtifactKey_TimestampInSignature(t *testing.T) {
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	beforeSign := time.Now().UTC()
+	data := []byte("test data")
+	sigData, err := SignArtifactKey(*rootKey, data)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	afterSign := time.Now().UTC()
+
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(sigData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Timestamp should be between before and after
+	assert.True(t, sig.Timestamp.After(beforeSign.Add(-time.Second)))
+	assert.True(t, sig.Timestamp.Before(afterSign.Add(time.Second)))
+}
+
+// Integration test
+
+func TestRootKey_FullWorkflow(t *testing.T) {
+	// Step 1: Generate root key
+	rootKey, privPEM, pubPEM, err := GenerateRootKey(10 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, rootKey)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, privPEM)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, pubPEM)
+
+	// Step 2: Parse the private key back
+	parsedRootKey, err := ParseRootKey(privPEM)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, rootKey.Key, parsedRootKey.Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, rootKey.Metadata.ID, parsedRootKey.Metadata.ID)
+
+	// Step 3: Generate an artifact key using root key
+	artifactKey, _, artifactPubPEM, artifactSig, err := GenerateArtifactKey(rootKey, 30*24*time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, artifactKey)
+
+	// Step 4: Verify the artifact key signature
+	pubKey, _, err := parsePublicKey(pubPEM, tagRootPublic)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(artifactSig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactPubKey, _, err := parsePublicKey(artifactPubPEM, tagArtifactPublic)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Reconstruct message - SignArtifactKey signs the PEM, not the JSON
+	msg := make([]byte, 0, len(artifactPubPEM)+8)
+	msg = append(msg, artifactPubPEM...)
+	msg = binary.LittleEndian.AppendUint64(msg, uint64(sig.Timestamp.Unix()))
+
+	// Verify with root public key
+	valid := ed25519.Verify(pubKey.Key, msg, sig.Signature)
+	assert.True(t, valid, "Artifact key signature should be valid")
+
+	// Step 5: Use artifact key to sign data
+	testData := []byte("This is test artifact data")
+	dataSig, err := SignData(*artifactKey, testData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, dataSig)
+
+	// Step 6: Verify the artifact data signature
+	dataSigParsed, err := ParseSignature(dataSig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = ValidateArtifact([]PublicKey{artifactPubKey}, testData, *dataSigParsed)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Artifact data signature should be valid")
+}
+
+func TestRootKey_ExpiredKeyWorkflow(t *testing.T) {
+	// Generate a root key that expires very soon
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(1 * time.Millisecond)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Wait for expiration
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Try to generate artifact key with expired root key
+	_, _, _, _, err = GenerateArtifactKey(rootKey, 30*24*time.Hour)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "expired")
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/signature.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package reposign
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Signature contains a signature with associated Metadata
+type Signature struct {
+	Signature []byte    `json:"signature"`
+	Timestamp time.Time `json:"timestamp"`
+	KeyID     KeyID     `json:"key_id"`
+	Algorithm string    `json:"algorithm"` // "ed25519"
+	HashAlgo  string    `json:"hash_algo"` // "blake2s" or sha512
+}
+
+func ParseSignature(data []byte) (*Signature, error) {
+	var signature Signature
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &signature); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &signature, nil
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/signature_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+package reposign
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParseSignature_Valid(t *testing.T) {
+	timestamp := time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	keyID, err := ParseKeyID("0123456789abcdef")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	signatureData := []byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(Signature{
+		Signature: signatureData,
+		Timestamp: timestamp,
+		KeyID:     keyID,
+		Algorithm: "ed25519",
+		HashAlgo:  "blake2s",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(jsonData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, sig)
+	assert.Equal(t, signatureData, sig.Signature)
+	assert.Equal(t, timestamp.Unix(), sig.Timestamp.Unix())
+	assert.Equal(t, keyID, sig.KeyID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ed25519", sig.Algorithm)
+	assert.Equal(t, "blake2s", sig.HashAlgo)
+}
+
+func TestParseSignature_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	invalidJSON := []byte(`{invalid json}`)
+
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(invalidJSON)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, sig)
+}
+
+func TestParseSignature_EmptyData(t *testing.T) {
+	emptyJSON := []byte(`{}`)
+
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(emptyJSON)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, sig)
+	assert.Empty(t, sig.Signature)
+	assert.True(t, sig.Timestamp.IsZero())
+	assert.Equal(t, KeyID{}, sig.KeyID)
+	assert.Empty(t, sig.Algorithm)
+	assert.Empty(t, sig.HashAlgo)
+}
+
+func TestParseSignature_MissingFields(t *testing.T) {
+	// JSON with only some fields
+	partialJSON := []byte(`{
+		"signature": "AQIDBA==",
+		"algorithm": "ed25519"
+	}`)
+
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(partialJSON)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, sig)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sig.Signature)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ed25519", sig.Algorithm)
+	assert.True(t, sig.Timestamp.IsZero())
+}
+
+func TestSignature_MarshalUnmarshal_Roundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	timestamp := time.Date(2024, 6, 20, 14, 45, 30, 0, time.UTC)
+	keyID, err := ParseKeyID("fedcba9876543210")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	original := Signature{
+		Signature: []byte{0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef, 0xca, 0xfe},
+		Timestamp: timestamp,
+		KeyID:     keyID,
+		Algorithm: "ed25519",
+		HashAlgo:  "sha512",
+	}
+
+	// Marshal
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(original)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Unmarshal
+	parsed, err := ParseSignature(jsonData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Signature, parsed.Signature)
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Timestamp.Unix(), parsed.Timestamp.Unix())
+	assert.Equal(t, original.KeyID, parsed.KeyID)
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Algorithm, parsed.Algorithm)
+	assert.Equal(t, original.HashAlgo, parsed.HashAlgo)
+}
+
+func TestSignature_NilSignatureBytes(t *testing.T) {
+	timestamp := time.Now().UTC()
+	keyID, err := ParseKeyID("0011223344556677")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sig := Signature{
+		Signature: nil,
+		Timestamp: timestamp,
+		KeyID:     keyID,
+		Algorithm: "ed25519",
+		HashAlgo:  "blake2s",
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(sig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	parsed, err := ParseSignature(jsonData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, parsed.Signature)
+}
+
+func TestSignature_LargeSignature(t *testing.T) {
+	timestamp := time.Now().UTC()
+	keyID, err := ParseKeyID("aabbccddeeff0011")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create a large signature (64 bytes for ed25519)
+	largeSignature := make([]byte, 64)
+	for i := range largeSignature {
+		largeSignature[i] = byte(i)
+	}
+
+	sig := Signature{
+		Signature: largeSignature,
+		Timestamp: timestamp,
+		KeyID:     keyID,
+		Algorithm: "ed25519",
+		HashAlgo:  "blake2s",
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(sig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	parsed, err := ParseSignature(jsonData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, largeSignature, parsed.Signature)
+}
+
+func TestSignature_WithDifferentHashAlgorithms(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		hashAlgo string
+	}{
+		{"blake2s", "blake2s"},
+		{"sha512", "sha512"},
+		{"sha256", "sha256"},
+		{"empty", ""},
+	}
+
+	keyID, err := ParseKeyID("1122334455667788")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			sig := Signature{
+				Signature: []byte{0x01, 0x02},
+				Timestamp: time.Now().UTC(),
+				KeyID:     keyID,
+				Algorithm: "ed25519",
+				HashAlgo:  tt.hashAlgo,
+			}
+
+			jsonData, err := json.Marshal(sig)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			parsed, err := ParseSignature(jsonData)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.hashAlgo, parsed.HashAlgo)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSignature_TimestampPrecision(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that timestamp preserves precision through JSON marshaling
+	timestamp := time.Date(2024, 3, 15, 10, 30, 45, 123456789, time.UTC)
+	keyID, err := ParseKeyID("8877665544332211")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sig := Signature{
+		Signature: []byte{0xaa, 0xbb},
+		Timestamp: timestamp,
+		KeyID:     keyID,
+		Algorithm: "ed25519",
+		HashAlgo:  "blake2s",
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(sig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	parsed, err := ParseSignature(jsonData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// JSON timestamps typically have second or millisecond precision
+	// so we check that at least seconds match
+	assert.Equal(t, timestamp.Unix(), parsed.Timestamp.Unix())
+}
+
+func TestParseSignature_MalformedKeyID(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with a malformed KeyID field
+	malformedJSON := []byte(`{
+		"signature": "AQID",
+		"timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
+		"key_id": "invalid_keyid_format",
+		"algorithm": "ed25519",
+		"hash_algo": "blake2s"
+	}`)
+
+	// This should fail since "invalid_keyid_format" is not a valid KeyID
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(malformedJSON)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, sig)
+}
+
+func TestParseSignature_InvalidTimestamp(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with an invalid timestamp format
+	invalidTimestampJSON := []byte(`{
+		"signature": "AQID",
+		"timestamp": "not-a-timestamp",
+		"key_id": "0123456789abcdef",
+		"algorithm": "ed25519",
+		"hash_algo": "blake2s"
+	}`)
+
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(invalidTimestampJSON)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, sig)
+}
+
+func TestSignature_ZeroKeyID(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with a zero KeyID
+	sig := Signature{
+		Signature: []byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03},
+		Timestamp: time.Now().UTC(),
+		KeyID:     KeyID{},
+		Algorithm: "ed25519",
+		HashAlgo:  "blake2s",
+	}
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(sig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	parsed, err := ParseSignature(jsonData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, KeyID{}, parsed.KeyID)
+}
+
+func TestParseSignature_ExtraFields(t *testing.T) {
+	// JSON with extra fields that should be ignored
+	jsonWithExtra := []byte(`{
+		"signature": "AQIDBA==",
+		"timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z",
+		"key_id": "0123456789abcdef",
+		"algorithm": "ed25519",
+		"hash_algo": "blake2s",
+		"extra_field": "should be ignored",
+		"another_extra": 12345
+	}`)
+
+	sig, err := ParseSignature(jsonWithExtra)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, sig)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sig.Signature)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ed25519", sig.Algorithm)
+	assert.Equal(t, "blake2s", sig.HashAlgo)
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/verify.go

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+package reposign
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager/downloader"
+)
+
+const (
+	artifactPubKeysFileName    = "artifact-key-pub.pem"
+	artifactPubKeysSigFileName = "artifact-key-pub.pem.sig"
+	revocationFileName         = "revocation-list.json"
+	revocationSignFileName     = "revocation-list.json.sig"
+
+	keySizeLimit    = 5 * 1024 * 1024 //5MB
+	signatureLimit  = 1024
+	revocationLimit = 10 * 1024 * 1024
+)
+
+type ArtifactVerify struct {
+	rootKeys    []PublicKey
+	keysBaseURL *url.URL
+
+	revocationList *RevocationList
+}
+
+func NewArtifactVerify(keysBaseURL string) (*ArtifactVerify, error) {
+	allKeys, err := loadEmbeddedPublicKeys()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return newArtifactVerify(keysBaseURL, allKeys)
+}
+
+func newArtifactVerify(keysBaseURL string, allKeys []PublicKey) (*ArtifactVerify, error) {
+	ku, err := url.Parse(keysBaseURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid keys base URL %q: %v", keysBaseURL, err)
+	}
+
+	a := &ArtifactVerify{
+		rootKeys:    allKeys,
+		keysBaseURL: ku,
+	}
+	return a, nil
+}
+
+func (a *ArtifactVerify) Verify(ctx context.Context, version string, artifactFile string) error {
+	version = strings.TrimPrefix(version, "v")
+
+	revocationList, err := a.loadRevocationList(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load revocation list: %v", err)
+	}
+	a.revocationList = revocationList
+
+	artifactPubKeys, err := a.loadArtifactKeys(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load artifact keys: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	signature, err := a.loadArtifactSignature(ctx, version, artifactFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to download signature file for: %s, %v", filepath.Base(artifactFile), err)
+	}
+
+	artifactData, err := os.ReadFile(artifactFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to read artifact file: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read artifact file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := ValidateArtifact(artifactPubKeys, artifactData, *signature); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to validate artifact: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (a *ArtifactVerify) loadRevocationList(ctx context.Context) (*RevocationList, error) {
+	downloadURL := a.keysBaseURL.JoinPath("keys", revocationFileName).String()
+	data, err := downloader.DownloadToMemory(ctx, downloadURL, revocationLimit)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to download revocation list '%s': %s", downloadURL, err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	downloadURL = a.keysBaseURL.JoinPath("keys", revocationSignFileName).String()
+	sigData, err := downloader.DownloadToMemory(ctx, downloadURL, signatureLimit)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to download revocation list '%s': %s", downloadURL, err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	signature, err := ParseSignature(sigData)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to parse revocation list signature: %s", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return ValidateRevocationList(a.rootKeys, data, *signature)
+}
+
+func (a *ArtifactVerify) loadArtifactKeys(ctx context.Context) ([]PublicKey, error) {
+	downloadURL := a.keysBaseURL.JoinPath("keys", artifactPubKeysFileName).String()
+	log.Debugf("starting downloading artifact keys from: %s", downloadURL)
+	data, err := downloader.DownloadToMemory(ctx, downloadURL, keySizeLimit)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to download artifact keys: %s", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	downloadURL = a.keysBaseURL.JoinPath("keys", artifactPubKeysSigFileName).String()
+	log.Debugf("start downloading signature of artifact pub key from: %s", downloadURL)
+	sigData, err := downloader.DownloadToMemory(ctx, downloadURL, signatureLimit)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to download signature of public keys: %s", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	signature, err := ParseSignature(sigData)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to parse signature of public keys: %s", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return ValidateArtifactKeys(a.rootKeys, data, *signature, a.revocationList)
+}
+
+func (a *ArtifactVerify) loadArtifactSignature(ctx context.Context, version string, artifactFile string) (*Signature, error) {
+	artifactFile = filepath.Base(artifactFile)
+	downloadURL := a.keysBaseURL.JoinPath("tag", "v"+version, artifactFile+".sig").String()
+	data, err := downloader.DownloadToMemory(ctx, downloadURL, signatureLimit)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to download artifact signature: %s", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	signature, err := ParseSignature(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to parse artifact signature: %s", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return signature, nil
+
+}
+
+func loadEmbeddedPublicKeys() ([]PublicKey, error) {
+	files, err := embeddedCerts.ReadDir(embeddedCertsDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read embedded certs: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var allKeys []PublicKey
+	for _, file := range files {
+		if file.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		data, err := embeddedCerts.ReadFile(embeddedCertsDir + "/" + file.Name())
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read cert file %s: %w", file.Name(), err)
+		}
+
+		keys, err := parsePublicKeyBundle(data, tagRootPublic)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse cert %s: %w", file.Name(), err)
+		}
+
+		allKeys = append(allKeys, keys...)
+	}
+
+	if len(allKeys) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no valid public keys found in embedded certs")
+	}
+
+	return allKeys, nil
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/reposign/verify_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,528 @@
+package reposign
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// Test ArtifactVerify construction
+
+func TestArtifactVerify_Construction(t *testing.T) {
+	// Generate test root key
+	rootKey, _, rootPubPEM, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootPubKey, _, err := parsePublicKey(rootPubPEM, tagRootPublic)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	keysBaseURL := "http://localhost:8080/artifact-signatures"
+
+	av, err := newArtifactVerify(keysBaseURL, []PublicKey{rootPubKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.NotNil(t, av)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, av.rootKeys)
+	assert.Equal(t, keysBaseURL, av.keysBaseURL.String())
+
+	// Verify root key structure
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, av.rootKeys[0].Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, rootKey.Metadata.ID, av.rootKeys[0].Metadata.ID)
+	assert.False(t, av.rootKeys[0].Metadata.CreatedAt.IsZero())
+}
+
+func TestArtifactVerify_MultipleRootKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	// Generate multiple test root keys
+	rootKey1, _, rootPubPEM1, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	rootPubKey1, _, err := parsePublicKey(rootPubPEM1, tagRootPublic)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey2, _, rootPubPEM2, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	rootPubKey2, _, err := parsePublicKey(rootPubPEM2, tagRootPublic)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	keysBaseURL := "http://localhost:8080/artifact-signatures"
+
+	av, err := newArtifactVerify(keysBaseURL, []PublicKey{rootPubKey1, rootPubKey2})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, av.rootKeys, 2)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, rootKey1.Metadata.ID, rootKey2.Metadata.ID)
+}
+
+// Test Verify workflow with mock HTTP server
+
+func TestArtifactVerify_FullWorkflow(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create temporary test directory
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Step 1: Generate root key
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(10 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Step 2: Generate artifact key
+	artifactKey, _, artifactPubPEM, _, err := GenerateArtifactKey(rootKey, 30*24*time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactPubKey, err := ParseArtifactPubKey(artifactPubPEM)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Step 3: Create revocation list
+	revocationData, revocationSig, err := CreateRevocationList(*rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Step 4: Bundle artifact keys
+	artifactKeysBundle, artifactKeysSig, err := BundleArtifactKeys(rootKey, []PublicKey{artifactPubKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Step 5: Create test artifact
+	artifactPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "test-artifact.bin")
+	artifactData := []byte("This is test artifact data for verification")
+	err = os.WriteFile(artifactPath, artifactData, 0644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Step 6: Sign artifact
+	artifactSigData, err := SignData(*artifactKey, artifactData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Step 7: Setup mock HTTP server
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + revocationFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(revocationData)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + revocationSignFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(revocationSig)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + artifactPubKeysFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactKeysBundle)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + artifactPubKeysSigFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactKeysSig)
+		case "/artifacts/v1.0.0/test-artifact.bin":
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactData)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/tag/v1.0.0/test-artifact.bin.sig":
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactSigData)
+		default:
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Step 8: Create ArtifactVerify with test root key
+	rootPubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key:      rootKey.Key.Public().(ed25519.PublicKey),
+		Metadata: rootKey.Metadata,
+	}
+
+	av, err := newArtifactVerify(server.URL+"/artifact-signatures", []PublicKey{rootPubKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Step 9: Verify artifact
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	err = av.Verify(ctx, "1.0.0", artifactPath)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestArtifactVerify_InvalidRevocationList(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	artifactPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "test.bin")
+	err := os.WriteFile(artifactPath, []byte("test"), 0644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Setup server with invalid revocation list
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + revocationFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte("invalid data"))
+		default:
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootPubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key:      rootKey.Key.Public().(ed25519.PublicKey),
+		Metadata: rootKey.Metadata,
+	}
+
+	av, err := newArtifactVerify(server.URL+"/artifact-signatures", []PublicKey{rootPubKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	err = av.Verify(ctx, "1.0.0", artifactPath)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to load revocation list")
+}
+
+func TestArtifactVerify_MissingArtifactFile(t *testing.T) {
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootPubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key:      rootKey.Key.Public().(ed25519.PublicKey),
+		Metadata: rootKey.Metadata,
+	}
+
+	// Create revocation list
+	revocationData, revocationSig, err := CreateRevocationList(*rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactKey, _, artifactPubPEM, _, err := GenerateArtifactKey(rootKey, 30*24*time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactPubKey, err := ParseArtifactPubKey(artifactPubPEM)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactKeysBundle, artifactKeysSig, err := BundleArtifactKeys(rootKey, []PublicKey{artifactPubKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create signature for non-existent file
+	testData := []byte("test")
+	artifactSigData, err := SignData(*artifactKey, testData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + revocationFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(revocationData)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + revocationSignFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(revocationSig)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + artifactPubKeysFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactKeysBundle)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + artifactPubKeysSigFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactKeysSig)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/tag/v1.0.0/missing.bin.sig":
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactSigData)
+		default:
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	av, err := newArtifactVerify(server.URL+"/artifact-signatures", []PublicKey{rootPubKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	err = av.Verify(ctx, "1.0.0", "file.bin")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestArtifactVerify_ServerUnavailable(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	artifactPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "test.bin")
+	err := os.WriteFile(artifactPath, []byte("test"), 0644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootPubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key:      rootKey.Key.Public().(ed25519.PublicKey),
+		Metadata: rootKey.Metadata,
+	}
+
+	// Use URL that doesn't exist
+	av, err := newArtifactVerify("http://localhost:19999/keys", []PublicKey{rootPubKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	err = av.Verify(ctx, "1.0.0", artifactPath)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestArtifactVerify_ContextCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	artifactPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "test.bin")
+	err := os.WriteFile(artifactPath, []byte("test"), 0644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create a server that delays response
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("data"))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rootPubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key:      rootKey.Key.Public().(ed25519.PublicKey),
+		Metadata: rootKey.Metadata,
+	}
+
+	av, err := newArtifactVerify(server.URL, []PublicKey{rootPubKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create context that cancels quickly
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	err = av.Verify(ctx, "1.0.0", artifactPath)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestArtifactVerify_WithRevocation(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Generate root key
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(10 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Generate two artifact keys
+	artifactKey1, _, artifactPubPEM1, _, err := GenerateArtifactKey(rootKey, 30*24*time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	artifactPubKey1, err := ParseArtifactPubKey(artifactPubPEM1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, _, artifactPubPEM2, _, err := GenerateArtifactKey(rootKey, 30*24*time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	artifactPubKey2, err := ParseArtifactPubKey(artifactPubPEM2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create revocation list with first key revoked
+	emptyRevocation, _, err := CreateRevocationList(*rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	parsedRevocation, err := ParseRevocationList(emptyRevocation)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	revocationData, revocationSig, err := ExtendRevocationList(*rootKey, *parsedRevocation, artifactPubKey1.Metadata.ID, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Bundle both keys
+	artifactKeysBundle, artifactKeysSig, err := BundleArtifactKeys(rootKey, []PublicKey{artifactPubKey1, artifactPubKey2})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create artifact signed by revoked key
+	artifactPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "test.bin")
+	artifactData := []byte("test data")
+	err = os.WriteFile(artifactPath, artifactData, 0644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactSigData, err := SignData(*artifactKey1, artifactData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + revocationFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(revocationData)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + revocationSignFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(revocationSig)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + artifactPubKeysFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactKeysBundle)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + artifactPubKeysSigFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactKeysSig)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/tag/v1.0.0/test.bin.sig":
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactSigData)
+		default:
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	rootPubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key:      rootKey.Key.Public().(ed25519.PublicKey),
+		Metadata: rootKey.Metadata,
+	}
+
+	av, err := newArtifactVerify(server.URL+"/artifact-signatures", []PublicKey{rootPubKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	err = av.Verify(ctx, "1.0.0", artifactPath)
+	// Should fail because the signing key is revoked
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "no signing Key found")
+}
+
+func TestArtifactVerify_ValidWithSecondKey(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Generate root key
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(10 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Generate two artifact keys
+	_, _, artifactPubPEM1, _, err := GenerateArtifactKey(rootKey, 30*24*time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	artifactPubKey1, err := ParseArtifactPubKey(artifactPubPEM1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactKey2, _, artifactPubPEM2, _, err := GenerateArtifactKey(rootKey, 30*24*time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	artifactPubKey2, err := ParseArtifactPubKey(artifactPubPEM2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create revocation list with first key revoked
+	emptyRevocation, _, err := CreateRevocationList(*rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	parsedRevocation, err := ParseRevocationList(emptyRevocation)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	revocationData, revocationSig, err := ExtendRevocationList(*rootKey, *parsedRevocation, artifactPubKey1.Metadata.ID, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Bundle both keys
+	artifactKeysBundle, artifactKeysSig, err := BundleArtifactKeys(rootKey, []PublicKey{artifactPubKey1, artifactPubKey2})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create artifact signed by second key (not revoked)
+	artifactPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "test.bin")
+	artifactData := []byte("test data")
+	err = os.WriteFile(artifactPath, artifactData, 0644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactSigData, err := SignData(*artifactKey2, artifactData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + revocationFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(revocationData)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + revocationSignFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(revocationSig)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + artifactPubKeysFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactKeysBundle)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + artifactPubKeysSigFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactKeysSig)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/tag/v1.0.0/test.bin.sig":
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactSigData)
+		default:
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	rootPubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key:      rootKey.Key.Public().(ed25519.PublicKey),
+		Metadata: rootKey.Metadata,
+	}
+
+	av, err := newArtifactVerify(server.URL+"/artifact-signatures", []PublicKey{rootPubKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	err = av.Verify(ctx, "1.0.0", artifactPath)
+	// Should succeed because second key is not revoked
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestArtifactVerify_TamperedArtifact(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Generate root key and artifact key
+	rootKey, _, _, err := GenerateRootKey(10 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	artifactKey, _, artifactPubPEM, _, err := GenerateArtifactKey(rootKey, 30*24*time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	artifactPubKey, err := ParseArtifactPubKey(artifactPubPEM)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create revocation list
+	revocationData, revocationSig, err := CreateRevocationList(*rootKey, defaultRevocationListExpiration)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Bundle keys
+	artifactKeysBundle, artifactKeysSig, err := BundleArtifactKeys(rootKey, []PublicKey{artifactPubKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Sign original data
+	originalData := []byte("original data")
+	artifactSigData, err := SignData(*artifactKey, originalData)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Write tampered data to file
+	artifactPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "test.bin")
+	tamperedData := []byte("tampered data")
+	err = os.WriteFile(artifactPath, tamperedData, 0644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + revocationFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(revocationData)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + revocationSignFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(revocationSig)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + artifactPubKeysFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactKeysBundle)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/keys/" + artifactPubKeysSigFileName:
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactKeysSig)
+		case "/artifact-signatures/tag/v1.0.0/test.bin.sig":
+			_, _ = w.Write(artifactSigData)
+		default:
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	rootPubKey := PublicKey{
+		Key:      rootKey.Key.Public().(ed25519.PublicKey),
+		Metadata: rootKey.Metadata,
+	}
+
+	av, err := newArtifactVerify(server.URL+"/artifact-signatures", []PublicKey{rootPubKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	err = av.Verify(ctx, "1.0.0", artifactPath)
+	// Should fail because artifact was tampered
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to validate artifact")
+}
+
+// Test URL validation
+
+func TestArtifactVerify_URLParsing(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		keysBaseURL string
+		expectError bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "Valid HTTP URL",
+			keysBaseURL: "http://example.com/artifact-signatures",
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Valid HTTPS URL",
+			keysBaseURL: "https://example.com/artifact-signatures",
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "URL with port",
+			keysBaseURL: "http://localhost:8080/artifact-signatures",
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Invalid URL",
+			keysBaseURL: "://invalid",
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := newArtifactVerify(tt.keysBaseURL, nil)
+			if tt.expectError {
+				assert.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

client/internal/updatemanager/update.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package updatemanager
+
+import v "github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
+
+type UpdateInterface interface {
+	StopWatch()
+	SetDaemonVersion(newVersion string) bool
+	SetOnUpdateListener(updateFn func())
+	LatestVersion() *v.Version
+	StartFetcher()
+}

client/ios/NetBirdSDK/client.go

@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ type Client struct {
 	dnsManager            dns.IosDnsManager
 	loginComplete         bool
 	connectClient         *internal.ConnectClient
+	// preloadedConfig holds config loaded from JSON (used on tvOS where file writes are blocked)
+	preloadedConfig       *profilemanager.Config
 }
 
 // NewClient instantiate a new Client
@@ -92,17 +94,44 @@ func NewClient(cfgFile, stateFile, deviceName string, osVersion string, osName s
 	}
 }
 
+// SetConfigFromJSON loads config from a JSON string into memory.
+// This is used on tvOS where file writes to App Group containers are blocked.
+// When set, IsLoginRequired() and Run() will use this preloaded config instead of reading from file.
+func (c *Client) SetConfigFromJSON(jsonStr string) error {
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.ConfigFromJSON(jsonStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("SetConfigFromJSON: failed to parse config JSON: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	c.preloadedConfig = cfg
+	log.Infof("SetConfigFromJSON: config loaded successfully from JSON")
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Run start the internal client. It is a blocker function
 func (c *Client) Run(fd int32, interfaceName string, envList *EnvList) error {
 	exportEnvList(envList)
 	log.Infof("Starting NetBird client")
 	log.Debugf("Tunnel uses interface: %s", interfaceName)
-	cfg, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-		ConfigPath:    c.cfgFile,
-		StateFilePath: c.stateFile,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+
+	var cfg *profilemanager.Config
+	var err error
+
+	// Use preloaded config if available (tvOS where file writes are blocked)
+	if c.preloadedConfig != nil {
+		log.Infof("Run: using preloaded config from memory")
+		cfg = c.preloadedConfig
+	} else {
+		log.Infof("Run: loading config from file")
+		// Use DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
+		// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
+		cfg, err = profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+			ConfigPath:    c.cfgFile,
+			StateFilePath: c.stateFile,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	c.recorder.UpdateManagementAddress(cfg.ManagementURL.String())
 	c.recorder.UpdateRosenpass(cfg.RosenpassEnabled, cfg.RosenpassPermissive)
@@ -120,7 +149,7 @@ func (c *Client) Run(fd int32, interfaceName string, envList *EnvList) error {
 	c.ctxCancelLock.Unlock()
 
 	auth := NewAuthWithConfig(ctx, cfg)
-	err = auth.Login()
+	err = auth.LoginSync()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -131,7 +160,7 @@ func (c *Client) Run(fd int32, interfaceName string, envList *EnvList) error {
 	c.onHostDnsFn = func([]string) {}
 	cfg.WgIface = interfaceName
 
-	c.connectClient = internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder)
+	c.connectClient = internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder, false)
 	return c.connectClient.RunOniOS(fd, c.networkChangeListener, c.dnsManager, c.stateFile)
 }
 
@@ -208,14 +237,45 @@ func (c *Client) IsLoginRequired() bool {
 	defer c.ctxCancelLock.Unlock()
 	ctx, c.ctxCancel = context.WithCancel(ctxWithValues)
 
-	cfg, _ := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-		ConfigPath: c.cfgFile,
-	})
+	var cfg *profilemanager.Config
+	var err error
 
-	needsLogin, _ := internal.IsLoginRequired(ctx, cfg)
+	// Use preloaded config if available (tvOS where file writes are blocked)
+	if c.preloadedConfig != nil {
+		log.Infof("IsLoginRequired: using preloaded config from memory")
+		cfg = c.preloadedConfig
+	} else {
+		log.Infof("IsLoginRequired: loading config from file")
+		// Use DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
+		// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
+		cfg, err = profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+			ConfigPath: c.cfgFile,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("IsLoginRequired: failed to load config: %v", err)
+			// If we can't load config, assume login is required
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if cfg == nil {
+		log.Errorf("IsLoginRequired: config is nil")
+		return true
+	}
+
+	needsLogin, err := internal.IsLoginRequired(ctx, cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("IsLoginRequired: check failed: %v", err)
+		// If the check fails, assume login is required to be safe
+		return true
+	}
+	log.Infof("IsLoginRequired: needsLogin=%v", needsLogin)
 	return needsLogin
 }
 
+// loginForMobileAuthTimeout is the timeout for requesting auth info from the server
+const loginForMobileAuthTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+
 func (c *Client) LoginForMobile() string {
 	var ctx context.Context
 	//nolint
@@ -228,16 +288,26 @@ func (c *Client) LoginForMobile() string {
 	defer c.ctxCancelLock.Unlock()
 	ctx, c.ctxCancel = context.WithCancel(ctxWithValues)
 
-	cfg, _ := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+	// Use DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
+	// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
 		ConfigPath: c.cfgFile,
 	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("LoginForMobile: failed to load config: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Sprintf("failed to load config: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	oAuthFlow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, cfg, false, false, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err.Error()
 	}
 
-	flowInfo, err := oAuthFlow.RequestAuthInfo(context.TODO())
+	// Use a bounded timeout for the auth info request to prevent indefinite hangs
+	authInfoCtx, authInfoCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, loginForMobileAuthTimeout)
+	defer authInfoCancel()
+
+	flowInfo, err := oAuthFlow.RequestAuthInfo(authInfoCtx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err.Error()
 	}
@@ -249,10 +319,14 @@ func (c *Client) LoginForMobile() string {
 		defer cancel()
 		tokenInfo, err := oAuthFlow.WaitToken(waitCTX, flowInfo)
 		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("LoginForMobile: WaitToken failed: %v", err)
 			return
 		}
 		jwtToken := tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse()
-		_ = internal.Login(ctx, cfg, "", jwtToken)
+		if err := internal.Login(ctx, cfg, "", jwtToken); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("LoginForMobile: Login failed: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
 		c.loginComplete = true
 	}()
 

client/ios/NetBirdSDK/login.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/cmd"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 )
@@ -33,7 +34,8 @@ type ErrListener interface {
 // URLOpener it is a callback interface. The Open function will be triggered if
 // the backend want to show an url for the user
 type URLOpener interface {
-	Open(string)
+	Open(url string, userCode string)
+	OnLoginSuccess()
 }
 
 // Auth can register or login new client
@@ -72,13 +74,32 @@ func NewAuthWithConfig(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config) *Auth
 // SaveConfigIfSSOSupported test the connectivity with the management server by retrieving the server device flow info.
 // If it returns a flow info than save the configuration and return true. If it gets a codes.NotFound, it means that SSO
 // is not supported and returns false without saving the configuration. For other errors return false.
-func (a *Auth) SaveConfigIfSSOSupported() (bool, error) {
+func (a *Auth) SaveConfigIfSSOSupported(listener SSOListener) {
+	if listener == nil {
+		log.Errorf("SaveConfigIfSSOSupported: listener is nil")
+		return
+	}
+	go func() {
+		sso, err := a.saveConfigIfSSOSupported()
+		if err != nil {
+			listener.OnError(err)
+		} else {
+			listener.OnSuccess(sso)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func (a *Auth) saveConfigIfSSOSupported() (bool, error) {
 	supportsSSO := true
 	err := a.withBackOff(a.ctx, func() (err error) {
-		_, err = internal.GetDeviceAuthorizationFlowInfo(a.ctx, a.config.PrivateKey, a.config.ManagementURL)
+		_, err = internal.GetPKCEAuthorizationFlowInfo(a.ctx, a.config.PrivateKey, a.config.ManagementURL, nil)
 		if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && (s.Code() == codes.NotFound || s.Code() == codes.Unimplemented) {
-			_, err = internal.GetPKCEAuthorizationFlowInfo(a.ctx, a.config.PrivateKey, a.config.ManagementURL, nil)
-			if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && (s.Code() == codes.NotFound || s.Code() == codes.Unimplemented) {
+			_, err = internal.GetDeviceAuthorizationFlowInfo(a.ctx, a.config.PrivateKey, a.config.ManagementURL)
+			s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err)
+			if !ok {
+				return err
+			}
+			if s.Code() == codes.NotFound || s.Code() == codes.Unimplemented {
 				supportsSSO = false
 				err = nil
 			}
@@ -97,12 +118,29 @@ func (a *Auth) SaveConfigIfSSOSupported() (bool, error) {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("backoff cycle failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	err = profilemanager.WriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config)
+	// Use DirectWriteOutConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
+	// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
+	err = profilemanager.DirectWriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config)
 	return true, err
 }
 
 // LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig test the connectivity with the management server with the setup key.
-func (a *Auth) LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(setupKey string, deviceName string) error {
+func (a *Auth) LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(resultListener ErrListener, setupKey string, deviceName string) {
+	if resultListener == nil {
+		log.Errorf("LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig: resultListener is nil")
+		return
+	}
+	go func() {
+		err := a.loginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(setupKey, deviceName)
+		if err != nil {
+			resultListener.OnError(err)
+		} else {
+			resultListener.OnSuccess()
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func (a *Auth) loginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(setupKey string, deviceName string) error {
 	//nolint
 	ctxWithValues := context.WithValue(a.ctx, system.DeviceNameCtxKey, deviceName)
 
@@ -118,10 +156,14 @@ func (a *Auth) LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(setupKey string, deviceName string
 		return fmt.Errorf("backoff cycle failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	return profilemanager.WriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config)
+	// Use DirectWriteOutConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
+	// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
+	return profilemanager.DirectWriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config)
 }
 
-func (a *Auth) Login() error {
+// LoginSync performs a synchronous login check without UI interaction
+// Used for background VPN connection where user should already be authenticated
+func (a *Auth) LoginSync() error {
 	var needsLogin bool
 
 	// check if we need to generate JWT token
@@ -135,23 +177,142 @@ func (a *Auth) Login() error {
 
 	jwtToken := ""
 	if needsLogin {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Not authenticated")
+		return fmt.Errorf("not authenticated")
 	}
 
 	err = a.withBackOff(a.ctx, func() error {
 		err := internal.Login(a.ctx, a.config, "", jwtToken)
-		if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && (s.Code() == codes.InvalidArgument || s.Code() == codes.PermissionDenied) {
-			return nil
+		if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && (s.Code() == codes.PermissionDenied) {
+			// PermissionDenied means registration is required or peer is blocked
+			return backoff.Permanent(err)
 		}
 		return err
 	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("login failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Login performs interactive login with device authentication support
+// Deprecated: Use LoginWithDeviceName instead to ensure proper device naming on tvOS
+func (a *Auth) Login(resultListener ErrListener, urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool) {
+	// Use empty device name - system will use hostname as fallback
+	a.LoginWithDeviceName(resultListener, urlOpener, forceDeviceAuth, "")
+}
+
+// LoginWithDeviceName performs interactive login with device authentication support
+// The deviceName parameter allows specifying a custom device name (required for tvOS)
+func (a *Auth) LoginWithDeviceName(resultListener ErrListener, urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool, deviceName string) {
+	if resultListener == nil {
+		log.Errorf("LoginWithDeviceName: resultListener is nil")
+		return
+	}
+	if urlOpener == nil {
+		log.Errorf("LoginWithDeviceName: urlOpener is nil")
+		resultListener.OnError(fmt.Errorf("urlOpener is nil"))
+		return
+	}
+	go func() {
+		err := a.login(urlOpener, forceDeviceAuth, deviceName)
+		if err != nil {
+			resultListener.OnError(err)
+		} else {
+			resultListener.OnSuccess()
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func (a *Auth) login(urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool, deviceName string) error {
+	var needsLogin bool
+
+	// Create context with device name if provided
+	ctx := a.ctx
+	if deviceName != "" {
+		//nolint:staticcheck
+		ctx = context.WithValue(a.ctx, system.DeviceNameCtxKey, deviceName)
+	}
+
+	// check if we need to generate JWT token
+	err := a.withBackOff(ctx, func() (err error) {
+		needsLogin, err = internal.IsLoginRequired(ctx, a.config)
+		return
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("backoff cycle failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	jwtToken := ""
+	if needsLogin {
+		tokenInfo, err := a.foregroundGetTokenInfo(urlOpener, forceDeviceAuth)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("interactive sso login failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		jwtToken = tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse()
+	}
+
+	err = a.withBackOff(ctx, func() error {
+		err := internal.Login(ctx, a.config, "", jwtToken)
+		if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && (s.Code() == codes.PermissionDenied) {
+			// PermissionDenied means registration is required or peer is blocked
+			return backoff.Permanent(err)
+		}
+		return err
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("login failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Save the config before notifying success to ensure persistence completes
+	// before the callback potentially triggers teardown on the Swift side.
+	// Note: This differs from Android which doesn't save config after login.
+	// On iOS/tvOS, we save here because:
+	// 1. The config may have been modified during login (e.g., new tokens)
+	// 2. On tvOS, the Network Extension context may be the only place with
+	//    write permissions to the App Group container
+	if a.cfgPath != "" {
+		if err := profilemanager.DirectWriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to save config after login: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Notify caller of successful login synchronously before returning
+	urlOpener.OnLoginSuccess()
+
 	return nil
 }
 
+const authInfoRequestTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+
+func (a *Auth) foregroundGetTokenInfo(urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool) (*auth.TokenInfo, error) {
+	oAuthFlow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(a.ctx, a.config, false, forceDeviceAuth, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Use a bounded timeout for the auth info request to prevent indefinite hangs
+	authInfoCtx, authInfoCancel := context.WithTimeout(a.ctx, authInfoRequestTimeout)
+	defer authInfoCancel()
+
+	flowInfo, err := oAuthFlow.RequestAuthInfo(authInfoCtx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting a request OAuth flow info failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	urlOpener.Open(flowInfo.VerificationURIComplete, flowInfo.UserCode)
+
+	waitTimeout := time.Duration(flowInfo.ExpiresIn) * time.Second
+	waitCTX, cancel := context.WithTimeout(a.ctx, waitTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	tokenInfo, err := oAuthFlow.WaitToken(waitCTX, flowInfo)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("waiting for browser login failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return &tokenInfo, nil
+}
+
 func (a *Auth) withBackOff(ctx context.Context, bf func() error) error {
 	return backoff.RetryNotify(
 		bf,
@@ -160,3 +321,24 @@ func (a *Auth) withBackOff(ctx context.Context, bf func() error) error {
 			log.Warnf("retrying Login to the Management service in %v due to error %v", duration, err)
 		})
 }
+
+// GetConfigJSON returns the current config as a JSON string.
+// This can be used by the caller to persist the config via alternative storage
+// mechanisms (e.g., UserDefaults on tvOS where file writes are blocked).
+func (a *Auth) GetConfigJSON() (string, error) {
+	if a.config == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no config available")
+	}
+	return profilemanager.ConfigToJSON(a.config)
+}
+
+// SetConfigFromJSON loads config from a JSON string.
+// This can be used to restore config from alternative storage mechanisms.
+func (a *Auth) SetConfigFromJSON(jsonStr string) error {
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.ConfigFromJSON(jsonStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	a.config = cfg
+	return nil
+}

client/ios/NetBirdSDK/preferences.go

@@ -112,6 +112,8 @@ func (p *Preferences) GetRosenpassPermissive() (bool, error) {
 
 // Commit write out the changes into config file
 func (p *Preferences) Commit() error {
-	_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(p.configInput)
+	// Use DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
+	// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
+	_, err := profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(p.configInput)
 	return err
 }

client/netbird.wxs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 		</ComponentGroup>
 
 		<util:CloseApplication Id="CloseNetBird" CloseMessage="no" Target="netbird.exe" RebootPrompt="no" />
-		<util:CloseApplication Id="CloseNetBirdUI" CloseMessage="no" Target="netbird-ui.exe" RebootPrompt="no" />
+		<util:CloseApplication Id="CloseNetBirdUI" CloseMessage="no" Target="netbird-ui.exe" RebootPrompt="no" TerminateProcess="0" />
 
 
 

client/proto/daemon.pb.go

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
 // 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.6
-// 	protoc        v6.32.1
+// 	protoc        v3.21.12
 // source: daemon.proto
 
 package proto
@@ -893,6 +893,7 @@ type UpRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	ProfileName   *string                `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=profileName,proto3,oneof" json:"profileName,omitempty"`
 	Username      *string                `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=username,proto3,oneof" json:"username,omitempty"`
+	AutoUpdate    *bool                  `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=autoUpdate,proto3,oneof" json:"autoUpdate,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
@@ -941,6 +942,13 @@ func (x *UpRequest) GetUsername() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *UpRequest) GetAutoUpdate() bool {
+	if x != nil && x.AutoUpdate != nil {
+		return *x.AutoUpdate
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 type UpResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
@@ -2005,6 +2013,7 @@ type SSHSessionInfo struct {
 	RemoteAddress string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=remoteAddress,proto3" json:"remoteAddress,omitempty"`
 	Command       string                 `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=command,proto3" json:"command,omitempty"`
 	JwtUsername   string                 `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=jwtUsername,proto3" json:"jwtUsername,omitempty"`
+	PortForwards  []string               `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=portForwards,proto3" json:"portForwards,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
@@ -2067,6 +2076,13 @@ func (x *SSHSessionInfo) GetJwtUsername() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *SSHSessionInfo) GetPortForwards() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PortForwards
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // SSHServerState contains the latest state of the SSH server
 type SSHServerState struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
@@ -5356,6 +5372,94 @@ func (x *WaitJWTTokenResponse) GetExpiresIn() int64 {
 	return 0
 }
 
+type InstallerResultRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *InstallerResultRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = InstallerResultRequest{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[79]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *InstallerResultRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*InstallerResultRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *InstallerResultRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[79]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use InstallerResultRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*InstallerResultRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{79}
+}
+
+type InstallerResultResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Success       bool                   `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=success,proto3" json:"success,omitempty"`
+	ErrorMsg      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=errorMsg,proto3" json:"errorMsg,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *InstallerResultResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = InstallerResultResponse{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[80]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *InstallerResultResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*InstallerResultResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *InstallerResultResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[80]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use InstallerResultResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*InstallerResultResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{80}
+}
+
+func (x *InstallerResultResponse) GetSuccess() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Success
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *InstallerResultResponse) GetErrorMsg() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ErrorMsg
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 type PortInfo_Range struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	Start         uint32                 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=start,proto3" json:"start,omitempty"`
@@ -5366,7 +5470,7 @@ type PortInfo_Range struct {
 
 func (x *PortInfo_Range) Reset() {
 	*x = PortInfo_Range{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[80]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[82]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5378,7 +5482,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo_Range) String() string {
 func (*PortInfo_Range) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PortInfo_Range) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[80]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[82]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5502,12 +5606,16 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\buserCode\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\buserCode\x12\x1a\n" +
 	"\bhostname\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\bhostname\",\n" +
 	"\x14WaitSSOLoginResponse\x12\x14\n" +
-	"\x05email\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x05email\"p\n" +
+	"\x05email\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x05email\"\xa4\x01\n" +
 	"\tUpRequest\x12%\n" +
 	"\vprofileName\x18\x01 \x01(\tH\x00R\vprofileName\x88\x01\x01\x12\x1f\n" +
-	"\busername\x18\x02 \x01(\tH\x01R\busername\x88\x01\x01B\x0e\n" +
+	"\busername\x18\x02 \x01(\tH\x01R\busername\x88\x01\x01\x12#\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"autoUpdate\x18\x03 \x01(\bH\x02R\n" +
+	"autoUpdate\x88\x01\x01B\x0e\n" +
 	"\f_profileNameB\v\n" +
-	"\t_username\"\f\n" +
+	"\t_usernameB\r\n" +
+	"\v_autoUpdate\"\f\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"UpResponse\"\xa1\x01\n" +
 	"\rStatusRequest\x12,\n" +
@@ -5606,12 +5714,13 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\aservers\x18\x01 \x03(\tR\aservers\x12\x18\n" +
 	"\adomains\x18\x02 \x03(\tR\adomains\x12\x18\n" +
 	"\aenabled\x18\x03 \x01(\bR\aenabled\x12\x14\n" +
-	"\x05error\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\x05error\"\x8e\x01\n" +
+	"\x05error\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\x05error\"\xb2\x01\n" +
 	"\x0eSSHSessionInfo\x12\x1a\n" +
 	"\busername\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\busername\x12$\n" +
 	"\rremoteAddress\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\rremoteAddress\x12\x18\n" +
 	"\acommand\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\acommand\x12 \n" +
-	"\vjwtUsername\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\vjwtUsername\"^\n" +
+	"\vjwtUsername\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\vjwtUsername\x12\"\n" +
+	"\fportForwards\x18\x05 \x03(\tR\fportForwards\"^\n" +
 	"\x0eSSHServerState\x12\x18\n" +
 	"\aenabled\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\aenabled\x122\n" +
 	"\bsessions\x18\x02 \x03(\v2\x16.daemon.SSHSessionInfoR\bsessions\"\xaf\x04\n" +
@@ -5893,7 +6002,11 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x14WaitJWTTokenResponse\x12\x14\n" +
 	"\x05token\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x05token\x12\x1c\n" +
 	"\ttokenType\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\ttokenType\x12\x1c\n" +
-	"\texpiresIn\x18\x03 \x01(\x03R\texpiresIn*b\n" +
+	"\texpiresIn\x18\x03 \x01(\x03R\texpiresIn\"\x18\n" +
+	"\x16InstallerResultRequest\"O\n" +
+	"\x17InstallerResultResponse\x12\x18\n" +
+	"\asuccess\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\asuccess\x12\x1a\n" +
+	"\berrorMsg\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\berrorMsg*b\n" +
 	"\bLogLevel\x12\v\n" +
 	"\aUNKNOWN\x10\x00\x12\t\n" +
 	"\x05PANIC\x10\x01\x12\t\n" +
@@ -5902,7 +6015,7 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x04WARN\x10\x04\x12\b\n" +
 	"\x04INFO\x10\x05\x12\t\n" +
 	"\x05DEBUG\x10\x06\x12\t\n" +
-	"\x05TRACE\x10\a2\xdb\x12\n" +
+	"\x05TRACE\x10\a2\xb4\x13\n" +
 	"\rDaemonService\x126\n" +
 	"\x05Login\x12\x14.daemon.LoginRequest\x1a\x15.daemon.LoginResponse\"\x00\x12K\n" +
 	"\fWaitSSOLogin\x12\x1b.daemon.WaitSSOLoginRequest\x1a\x1c.daemon.WaitSSOLoginResponse\"\x00\x12-\n" +
@@ -5938,7 +6051,8 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x11GetPeerSSHHostKey\x12 .daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest\x1a!.daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse\"\x00\x12Q\n" +
 	"\x0eRequestJWTAuth\x12\x1d.daemon.RequestJWTAuthRequest\x1a\x1e.daemon.RequestJWTAuthResponse\"\x00\x12K\n" +
 	"\fWaitJWTToken\x12\x1b.daemon.WaitJWTTokenRequest\x1a\x1c.daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse\"\x00\x12N\n" +
-	"\x11NotifyOSLifecycle\x12\x1a.daemon.OSLifecycleRequest\x1a\x1b.daemon.OSLifecycleResponse\"\x00B\bZ\x06/protob\x06proto3"
+	"\x11NotifyOSLifecycle\x12\x1a.daemon.OSLifecycleRequest\x1a\x1b.daemon.OSLifecycleResponse\"\x00\x12W\n" +
+	"\x12GetInstallerResult\x12\x1e.daemon.InstallerResultRequest\x1a\x1f.daemon.InstallerResultResponse\"\x00B\bZ\x06/protob\x06proto3"
 
 var (
 	file_daemon_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
@@ -5953,7 +6067,7 @@ func file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 }
 
 var file_daemon_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 4)
-var file_daemon_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 82)
+var file_daemon_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 84)
 var file_daemon_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(LogLevel)(0),                              // 0: daemon.LogLevel
 	(OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType)(0),          // 1: daemon.OSLifecycleRequest.CycleType
@@ -6038,19 +6152,21 @@ var file_daemon_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*RequestJWTAuthResponse)(nil),             // 80: daemon.RequestJWTAuthResponse
 	(*WaitJWTTokenRequest)(nil),                // 81: daemon.WaitJWTTokenRequest
 	(*WaitJWTTokenResponse)(nil),               // 82: daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse
-	nil,                                        // 83: daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry
-	(*PortInfo_Range)(nil),                     // 84: daemon.PortInfo.Range
-	nil,                                        // 85: daemon.SystemEvent.MetadataEntry
-	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),                // 86: google.protobuf.Duration
-	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),              // 87: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*InstallerResultRequest)(nil),             // 83: daemon.InstallerResultRequest
+	(*InstallerResultResponse)(nil),            // 84: daemon.InstallerResultResponse
+	nil,                                        // 85: daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry
+	(*PortInfo_Range)(nil),                     // 86: daemon.PortInfo.Range
+	nil,                                        // 87: daemon.SystemEvent.MetadataEntry
+	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),                // 88: google.protobuf.Duration
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),              // 89: google.protobuf.Timestamp
 }
 var file_daemon_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	1,  // 0: daemon.OSLifecycleRequest.type:type_name -> daemon.OSLifecycleRequest.CycleType
-	86, // 1: daemon.LoginRequest.dnsRouteInterval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	88, // 1: daemon.LoginRequest.dnsRouteInterval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
 	27, // 2: daemon.StatusResponse.fullStatus:type_name -> daemon.FullStatus
-	87, // 3: daemon.PeerState.connStatusUpdate:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	87, // 4: daemon.PeerState.lastWireguardHandshake:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	86, // 5: daemon.PeerState.latency:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	89, // 3: daemon.PeerState.connStatusUpdate:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	89, // 4: daemon.PeerState.lastWireguardHandshake:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	88, // 5: daemon.PeerState.latency:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
 	25, // 6: daemon.SSHServerState.sessions:type_name -> daemon.SSHSessionInfo
 	22, // 7: daemon.FullStatus.managementState:type_name -> daemon.ManagementState
 	21, // 8: daemon.FullStatus.signalState:type_name -> daemon.SignalState
@@ -6061,8 +6177,8 @@ var file_daemon_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	57, // 13: daemon.FullStatus.events:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent
 	26, // 14: daemon.FullStatus.sshServerState:type_name -> daemon.SSHServerState
 	33, // 15: daemon.ListNetworksResponse.routes:type_name -> daemon.Network
-	83, // 16: daemon.Network.resolvedIPs:type_name -> daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry
-	84, // 17: daemon.PortInfo.range:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo.Range
+	85, // 16: daemon.Network.resolvedIPs:type_name -> daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry
+	86, // 17: daemon.PortInfo.range:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo.Range
 	34, // 18: daemon.ForwardingRule.destinationPort:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo
 	34, // 19: daemon.ForwardingRule.translatedPort:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo
 	35, // 20: daemon.ForwardingRulesResponse.rules:type_name -> daemon.ForwardingRule
@@ -6073,10 +6189,10 @@ var file_daemon_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	54, // 25: daemon.TracePacketResponse.stages:type_name -> daemon.TraceStage
 	2,  // 26: daemon.SystemEvent.severity:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.Severity
 	3,  // 27: daemon.SystemEvent.category:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.Category
-	87, // 28: daemon.SystemEvent.timestamp:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	85, // 29: daemon.SystemEvent.metadata:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.MetadataEntry
+	89, // 28: daemon.SystemEvent.timestamp:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	87, // 29: daemon.SystemEvent.metadata:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.MetadataEntry
 	57, // 30: daemon.GetEventsResponse.events:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent
-	86, // 31: daemon.SetConfigRequest.dnsRouteInterval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	88, // 31: daemon.SetConfigRequest.dnsRouteInterval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
 	70, // 32: daemon.ListProfilesResponse.profiles:type_name -> daemon.Profile
 	32, // 33: daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry.value:type_name -> daemon.IPList
 	7,  // 34: daemon.DaemonService.Login:input_type -> daemon.LoginRequest
@@ -6111,40 +6227,42 @@ var file_daemon_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	79, // 63: daemon.DaemonService.RequestJWTAuth:input_type -> daemon.RequestJWTAuthRequest
 	81, // 64: daemon.DaemonService.WaitJWTToken:input_type -> daemon.WaitJWTTokenRequest
 	5,  // 65: daemon.DaemonService.NotifyOSLifecycle:input_type -> daemon.OSLifecycleRequest
-	8,  // 66: daemon.DaemonService.Login:output_type -> daemon.LoginResponse
-	10, // 67: daemon.DaemonService.WaitSSOLogin:output_type -> daemon.WaitSSOLoginResponse
-	12, // 68: daemon.DaemonService.Up:output_type -> daemon.UpResponse
-	14, // 69: daemon.DaemonService.Status:output_type -> daemon.StatusResponse
-	16, // 70: daemon.DaemonService.Down:output_type -> daemon.DownResponse
-	18, // 71: daemon.DaemonService.GetConfig:output_type -> daemon.GetConfigResponse
-	29, // 72: daemon.DaemonService.ListNetworks:output_type -> daemon.ListNetworksResponse
-	31, // 73: daemon.DaemonService.SelectNetworks:output_type -> daemon.SelectNetworksResponse
-	31, // 74: daemon.DaemonService.DeselectNetworks:output_type -> daemon.SelectNetworksResponse
-	36, // 75: daemon.DaemonService.ForwardingRules:output_type -> daemon.ForwardingRulesResponse
-	38, // 76: daemon.DaemonService.DebugBundle:output_type -> daemon.DebugBundleResponse
-	40, // 77: daemon.DaemonService.GetLogLevel:output_type -> daemon.GetLogLevelResponse
-	42, // 78: daemon.DaemonService.SetLogLevel:output_type -> daemon.SetLogLevelResponse
-	45, // 79: daemon.DaemonService.ListStates:output_type -> daemon.ListStatesResponse
-	47, // 80: daemon.DaemonService.CleanState:output_type -> daemon.CleanStateResponse
-	49, // 81: daemon.DaemonService.DeleteState:output_type -> daemon.DeleteStateResponse
-	51, // 82: daemon.DaemonService.SetSyncResponsePersistence:output_type -> daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse
-	55, // 83: daemon.DaemonService.TracePacket:output_type -> daemon.TracePacketResponse
-	57, // 84: daemon.DaemonService.SubscribeEvents:output_type -> daemon.SystemEvent
-	59, // 85: daemon.DaemonService.GetEvents:output_type -> daemon.GetEventsResponse
-	61, // 86: daemon.DaemonService.SwitchProfile:output_type -> daemon.SwitchProfileResponse
-	63, // 87: daemon.DaemonService.SetConfig:output_type -> daemon.SetConfigResponse
-	65, // 88: daemon.DaemonService.AddProfile:output_type -> daemon.AddProfileResponse
-	67, // 89: daemon.DaemonService.RemoveProfile:output_type -> daemon.RemoveProfileResponse
-	69, // 90: daemon.DaemonService.ListProfiles:output_type -> daemon.ListProfilesResponse
-	72, // 91: daemon.DaemonService.GetActiveProfile:output_type -> daemon.GetActiveProfileResponse
-	74, // 92: daemon.DaemonService.Logout:output_type -> daemon.LogoutResponse
-	76, // 93: daemon.DaemonService.GetFeatures:output_type -> daemon.GetFeaturesResponse
-	78, // 94: daemon.DaemonService.GetPeerSSHHostKey:output_type -> daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse
-	80, // 95: daemon.DaemonService.RequestJWTAuth:output_type -> daemon.RequestJWTAuthResponse
-	82, // 96: daemon.DaemonService.WaitJWTToken:output_type -> daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse
-	6,  // 97: daemon.DaemonService.NotifyOSLifecycle:output_type -> daemon.OSLifecycleResponse
-	66, // [66:98] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	34, // [34:66] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	83, // 66: daemon.DaemonService.GetInstallerResult:input_type -> daemon.InstallerResultRequest
+	8,  // 67: daemon.DaemonService.Login:output_type -> daemon.LoginResponse
+	10, // 68: daemon.DaemonService.WaitSSOLogin:output_type -> daemon.WaitSSOLoginResponse
+	12, // 69: daemon.DaemonService.Up:output_type -> daemon.UpResponse
+	14, // 70: daemon.DaemonService.Status:output_type -> daemon.StatusResponse
+	16, // 71: daemon.DaemonService.Down:output_type -> daemon.DownResponse
+	18, // 72: daemon.DaemonService.GetConfig:output_type -> daemon.GetConfigResponse
+	29, // 73: daemon.DaemonService.ListNetworks:output_type -> daemon.ListNetworksResponse
+	31, // 74: daemon.DaemonService.SelectNetworks:output_type -> daemon.SelectNetworksResponse
+	31, // 75: daemon.DaemonService.DeselectNetworks:output_type -> daemon.SelectNetworksResponse
+	36, // 76: daemon.DaemonService.ForwardingRules:output_type -> daemon.ForwardingRulesResponse
+	38, // 77: daemon.DaemonService.DebugBundle:output_type -> daemon.DebugBundleResponse
+	40, // 78: daemon.DaemonService.GetLogLevel:output_type -> daemon.GetLogLevelResponse
+	42, // 79: daemon.DaemonService.SetLogLevel:output_type -> daemon.SetLogLevelResponse
+	45, // 80: daemon.DaemonService.ListStates:output_type -> daemon.ListStatesResponse
+	47, // 81: daemon.DaemonService.CleanState:output_type -> daemon.CleanStateResponse
+	49, // 82: daemon.DaemonService.DeleteState:output_type -> daemon.DeleteStateResponse
+	51, // 83: daemon.DaemonService.SetSyncResponsePersistence:output_type -> daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse
+	55, // 84: daemon.DaemonService.TracePacket:output_type -> daemon.TracePacketResponse
+	57, // 85: daemon.DaemonService.SubscribeEvents:output_type -> daemon.SystemEvent
+	59, // 86: daemon.DaemonService.GetEvents:output_type -> daemon.GetEventsResponse
+	61, // 87: daemon.DaemonService.SwitchProfile:output_type -> daemon.SwitchProfileResponse
+	63, // 88: daemon.DaemonService.SetConfig:output_type -> daemon.SetConfigResponse
+	65, // 89: daemon.DaemonService.AddProfile:output_type -> daemon.AddProfileResponse
+	67, // 90: daemon.DaemonService.RemoveProfile:output_type -> daemon.RemoveProfileResponse
+	69, // 91: daemon.DaemonService.ListProfiles:output_type -> daemon.ListProfilesResponse
+	72, // 92: daemon.DaemonService.GetActiveProfile:output_type -> daemon.GetActiveProfileResponse
+	74, // 93: daemon.DaemonService.Logout:output_type -> daemon.LogoutResponse
+	76, // 94: daemon.DaemonService.GetFeatures:output_type -> daemon.GetFeaturesResponse
+	78, // 95: daemon.DaemonService.GetPeerSSHHostKey:output_type -> daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse
+	80, // 96: daemon.DaemonService.RequestJWTAuth:output_type -> daemon.RequestJWTAuthResponse
+	82, // 97: daemon.DaemonService.WaitJWTToken:output_type -> daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse
+	6,  // 98: daemon.DaemonService.NotifyOSLifecycle:output_type -> daemon.OSLifecycleResponse
+	84, // 99: daemon.DaemonService.GetInstallerResult:output_type -> daemon.InstallerResultResponse
+	67, // [67:100] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	34, // [34:67] is the sub-list for method input_type
 	34, // [34:34] is the sub-list for extension type_name
 	34, // [34:34] is the sub-list for extension extendee
 	0,  // [0:34] is the sub-list for field type_name
@@ -6174,7 +6292,7 @@ func file_daemon_proto_init() {
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_daemon_proto_rawDesc), len(file_daemon_proto_rawDesc)),
 			NumEnums:      4,
-			NumMessages:   82,
+			NumMessages:   84,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   1,
 		},

client/proto/daemon.proto

@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@ service DaemonService {
   rpc WaitJWTToken(WaitJWTTokenRequest) returns (WaitJWTTokenResponse) {}
 
   rpc NotifyOSLifecycle(OSLifecycleRequest) returns(OSLifecycleResponse) {}
+
+  rpc GetInstallerResult(InstallerResultRequest) returns (InstallerResultResponse) {}
 }
 
 
@@ -215,6 +217,7 @@ message WaitSSOLoginResponse {
 message UpRequest {
   optional string profileName = 1;
   optional string username = 2;
+  optional bool autoUpdate = 3;
 }
 
 message UpResponse {}
@@ -369,6 +372,7 @@ message SSHSessionInfo {
   string remoteAddress = 2;
   string command = 3;
   string jwtUsername = 4;
+  repeated string portForwards = 5;
 }
 
 // SSHServerState contains the latest state of the SSH server
@@ -772,3 +776,11 @@ message WaitJWTTokenResponse {
   // expiration time in seconds
   int64 expiresIn = 3;
 }
+
+message InstallerResultRequest {
+}
+
+message InstallerResultResponse {
+  bool success = 1;
+  string errorMsg = 2;
+}

client/proto/daemon_grpc.pb.go

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ type DaemonServiceClient interface {
 	// WaitJWTToken waits for JWT authentication completion
 	WaitJWTToken(ctx context.Context, in *WaitJWTTokenRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*WaitJWTTokenResponse, error)
 	NotifyOSLifecycle(ctx context.Context, in *OSLifecycleRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*OSLifecycleResponse, error)
+	GetInstallerResult(ctx context.Context, in *InstallerResultRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InstallerResultResponse, error)
 }
 
 type daemonServiceClient struct {
@@ -392,6 +393,15 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) NotifyOSLifecycle(ctx context.Context, in *OSLifec
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetInstallerResult(ctx context.Context, in *InstallerResultRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InstallerResultResponse, error) {
+	out := new(InstallerResultResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetInstallerResult", in, out, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 // DaemonServiceServer is the server API for DaemonService service.
 // All implementations must embed UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer
 // for forward compatibility
@@ -449,6 +459,7 @@ type DaemonServiceServer interface {
 	// WaitJWTToken waits for JWT authentication completion
 	WaitJWTToken(context.Context, *WaitJWTTokenRequest) (*WaitJWTTokenResponse, error)
 	NotifyOSLifecycle(context.Context, *OSLifecycleRequest) (*OSLifecycleResponse, error)
+	GetInstallerResult(context.Context, *InstallerResultRequest) (*InstallerResultResponse, error)
 	mustEmbedUnimplementedDaemonServiceServer()
 }
 
@@ -552,6 +563,9 @@ func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) WaitJWTToken(context.Context, *WaitJWTTo
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) NotifyOSLifecycle(context.Context, *OSLifecycleRequest) (*OSLifecycleResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method NotifyOSLifecycle not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) GetInstallerResult(context.Context, *InstallerResultRequest) (*InstallerResultResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetInstallerResult not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) mustEmbedUnimplementedDaemonServiceServer() {}
 
 // UnsafeDaemonServiceServer may be embedded to opt out of forward compatibility for this service.
@@ -1144,6 +1158,24 @@ func _DaemonService_NotifyOSLifecycle_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Conte
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(InstallerResultRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).GetInstallerResult(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/GetInstallerResult",
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).GetInstallerResult(ctx, req.(*InstallerResultRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 // DaemonService_ServiceDesc is the grpc.ServiceDesc for DaemonService service.
 // It's only intended for direct use with grpc.RegisterService,
 // and not to be introspected or modified (even as a copy)
@@ -1275,6 +1307,10 @@ var DaemonService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "NotifyOSLifecycle",
 			Handler:    _DaemonService_NotifyOSLifecycle_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "GetInstallerResult",
+			Handler:    _DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_Handler,
+		},
 	},
 	Streams: []grpc.StreamDesc{
 		{

client/proto/generate.sh

@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ cd "$script_path"
 go install google.golang.org/protobuf/cmd/protoc-gen-go@v1.36.6
 go install google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc@v1.1
 protoc -I ./ ./daemon.proto --go_out=../ --go-grpc_out=../ --experimental_allow_proto3_optional
-cd "$old_pwd"
+cd "$old_pwd"

client/server/server.go

@@ -145,10 +145,10 @@ func (s *Server) Start() error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(s.rootCtx)
 	s.actCancel = cancel
 
-	// set the default config if not exists
-	if err := s.setDefaultConfigIfNotExists(ctx); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to set default config: %v", err)
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set default config: %w", err)
+	// copy old default config
+	_, err = s.profileManager.CopyDefaultProfileIfNotExists()
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, profilemanager.ErrorOldDefaultConfigNotFound) {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
@@ -156,23 +156,11 @@ func (s *Server) Start() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile state: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	config, err := s.getConfig(activeProf)
+	config, existingConfig, err := s.getConfig(activeProf)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to get active profile config: %v", err)
 
-		if err := s.profileManager.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-			Name:     "default",
-			Username: "",
-		}); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to set active profile state: %v", err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set active profile state: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		config, err = profilemanager.GetConfig(s.profileManager.DefaultProfilePath())
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to get default profile config: %v", err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get default profile config: %w", err)
-		}
+		return err
 	}
 	s.config = config
 
@@ -186,44 +174,27 @@ func (s *Server) Start() error {
 	}
 
 	if config.DisableAutoConnect {
+		state.Set(internal.StatusIdle)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if !existingConfig {
+		log.Warnf("not trying to connect when configuration was just created")
+		state.Set(internal.StatusNeedsLogin)
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	s.clientRunning = true
 	s.clientRunningChan = make(chan struct{})
 	s.clientGiveUpChan = make(chan struct{})
-	go s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, config, s.statusRecorder, s.clientRunningChan, s.clientGiveUpChan)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *Server) setDefaultConfigIfNotExists(ctx context.Context) error {
-	ok, err := s.profileManager.CopyDefaultProfileIfNotExists()
-	if err != nil {
-		if err := s.profileManager.CreateDefaultProfile(); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to create default profile: %v", err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create default profile: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if err := s.profileManager.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-			Name:     "default",
-			Username: "",
-		}); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to set active profile state: %v", err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set active profile state: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-	if ok {
-		state := internal.CtxGetState(ctx)
-		state.Set(internal.StatusNeedsLogin)
-	}
-
+	go s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, config, s.statusRecorder, false, s.clientRunningChan, s.clientGiveUpChan)
 	return nil
 }
 
 // connectWithRetryRuns runs the client connection with a backoff strategy where we retry the operation as additional
 // mechanism to keep the client connected even when the connection is lost.
 // we cancel retry if the client receive a stop or down command, or if disable auto connect is configured.
-func (s *Server) connectWithRetryRuns(ctx context.Context, profileConfig *profilemanager.Config, statusRecorder *peer.Status, runningChan chan struct{}, giveUpChan chan struct{}) {
+func (s *Server) connectWithRetryRuns(ctx context.Context, profileConfig *profilemanager.Config, statusRecorder *peer.Status, doInitialAutoUpdate bool, runningChan chan struct{}, giveUpChan chan struct{}) {
 	defer func() {
 		s.mutex.Lock()
 		s.clientRunning = false
@@ -231,7 +202,7 @@ func (s *Server) connectWithRetryRuns(ctx context.Context, profileConfig *profil
 	}()
 
 	if s.config.DisableAutoConnect {
-		if err := s.connect(ctx, s.config, s.statusRecorder, runningChan); err != nil {
+		if err := s.connect(ctx, s.config, s.statusRecorder, doInitialAutoUpdate, runningChan); err != nil {
 			log.Debugf("run client connection exited with error: %v", err)
 		}
 		log.Tracef("client connection exited")
@@ -260,7 +231,8 @@ func (s *Server) connectWithRetryRuns(ctx context.Context, profileConfig *profil
 	}()
 
 	runOperation := func() error {
-		err := s.connect(ctx, profileConfig, statusRecorder, runningChan)
+		err := s.connect(ctx, profileConfig, statusRecorder, doInitialAutoUpdate, runningChan)
+		doInitialAutoUpdate = false
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Debugf("run client connection exited with error: %v. Will retry in the background", err)
 			return err
@@ -486,7 +458,7 @@ func (s *Server) Login(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.LoginRequest) (*pro
 
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	config, err := s.getConfig(activeProf)
+	config, _, err := s.getConfig(activeProf)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to get active profile config: %v", err)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile config: %w", err)
@@ -715,7 +687,7 @@ func (s *Server) Up(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.UpRequest) (*proto.UpR
 
 	log.Infof("active profile: %s for %s", activeProf.Name, activeProf.Username)
 
-	config, err := s.getConfig(activeProf)
+	config, _, err := s.getConfig(activeProf)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to get active profile config: %v", err)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile config: %w", err)
@@ -728,7 +700,12 @@ func (s *Server) Up(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.UpRequest) (*proto.UpR
 	s.clientRunning = true
 	s.clientRunningChan = make(chan struct{})
 	s.clientGiveUpChan = make(chan struct{})
-	go s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, s.config, s.statusRecorder, s.clientRunningChan, s.clientGiveUpChan)
+
+	var doAutoUpdate bool
+	if msg != nil && msg.AutoUpdate != nil && *msg.AutoUpdate {
+		doAutoUpdate = true
+	}
+	go s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, s.config, s.statusRecorder, doAutoUpdate, s.clientRunningChan, s.clientGiveUpChan)
 
 	return s.waitForUp(callerCtx)
 }
@@ -805,7 +782,7 @@ func (s *Server) SwitchProfile(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.SwitchProfi
 		log.Errorf("failed to get active profile state: %v", err)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile state: %w", err)
 	}
-	config, err := s.getConfig(activeProf)
+	config, _, err := s.getConfig(activeProf)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to get default profile config: %v", err)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get default profile config: %w", err)
@@ -902,7 +879,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleActiveProfileLogout(ctx context.Context) (*proto.LogoutRe
 			return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "failed to get active profile state: %v", err)
 		}
 
-		config, err := s.getConfig(activeProf)
+		config, _, err := s.getConfig(activeProf)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "not logged in")
 		}
@@ -926,19 +903,24 @@ func (s *Server) handleActiveProfileLogout(ctx context.Context) (*proto.LogoutRe
 	return &proto.LogoutResponse{}, nil
 }
 
-// getConfig loads the config from the active profile
-func (s *Server) getConfig(activeProf *profilemanager.ActiveProfileState) (*profilemanager.Config, error) {
+// GetConfig reads config file and returns Config and whether the config file already existed. Errors out if it does not exist
+func (s *Server) getConfig(activeProf *profilemanager.ActiveProfileState) (*profilemanager.Config, bool, error) {
 	cfgPath, err := activeProf.FilePath()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile file path: %w", err)
+		return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile file path: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	config, err := profilemanager.GetConfig(cfgPath)
+	_, err = os.Stat(cfgPath)
+	configExisted := !os.IsNotExist(err)
+
+	log.Infof("active profile config existed: %t, err %v", configExisted, err)
+
+	config, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(cfgPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get config: %w", err)
+		return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get config: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return config, nil
+	return config, configExisted, nil
 }
 
 func (s *Server) canRemoveProfile(profileName string) error {
@@ -1122,6 +1104,7 @@ func (s *Server) getSSHServerState() *proto.SSHServerState {
 			RemoteAddress: session.RemoteAddress,
 			Command:       session.Command,
 			JwtUsername:   session.JWTUsername,
+			PortForwards:  session.PortForwards,
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -1539,9 +1522,9 @@ func (s *Server) GetFeatures(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.GetFeaturesRequest)
 	return features, nil
 }
 
-func (s *Server) connect(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config, statusRecorder *peer.Status, runningChan chan struct{}) error {
+func (s *Server) connect(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config, statusRecorder *peer.Status, doInitialAutoUpdate bool, runningChan chan struct{}) error {
 	log.Tracef("running client connection")
-	s.connectClient = internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, config, statusRecorder)
+	s.connectClient = internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, config, statusRecorder, doInitialAutoUpdate)
 	s.connectClient.SetSyncResponsePersistence(s.persistSyncResponse)
 	if err := s.connectClient.Run(runningChan); err != nil {
 		return err

client/server/server_test.go

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func TestConnectWithRetryRuns(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv(maxRetryTimeVar, "5s")
 	t.Setenv(retryMultiplierVar, "1")
 
-	s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, config, s.statusRecorder, nil, nil)
+	s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, config, s.statusRecorder, false, nil, nil)
 	if counter < 3 {
 		t.Fatalf("expected counter > 2, got %d", counter)
 	}
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, signalAddr string, counter *int) (*grpc.Serve
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
-	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController)
+	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}

client/server/updateresult.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updatemanager/installer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+func (s *Server) GetInstallerResult(ctx context.Context, _ *proto.InstallerResultRequest) (*proto.InstallerResultResponse, error) {
+	inst := installer.New()
+	dir := inst.TempDir()
+
+	rh := installer.NewResultHandler(dir)
+	result, err := rh.Watch(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to watch update result: %v", err)
+		return &proto.InstallerResultResponse{
+			Success:  false,
+			ErrorMsg: err.Error(),
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	return &proto.InstallerResultResponse{
+		Success:  result.Success,
+		ErrorMsg: result.Error,
+	}, nil
+}

client/ssh/auth/auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	sshuserhash "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/sshauth"
+)
+
+const (
+	// DefaultUserIDClaim is the default JWT claim used to extract user IDs
+	DefaultUserIDClaim = "sub"
+	// Wildcard is a special user ID that matches all users
+	Wildcard = "*"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrEmptyUserID           = errors.New("JWT user ID is empty")
+	ErrUserNotAuthorized     = errors.New("user is not authorized to access this peer")
+	ErrNoMachineUserMapping  = errors.New("no authorization mapping for OS user")
+	ErrUserNotMappedToOSUser = errors.New("user is not authorized to login as OS user")
+)
+
+// Authorizer handles SSH fine-grained access control authorization
+type Authorizer struct {
+	// UserIDClaim is the JWT claim to extract the user ID from
+	userIDClaim string
+
+	// authorizedUsers is a list of hashed user IDs authorized to access this peer
+	authorizedUsers []sshuserhash.UserIDHash
+
+	// machineUsers maps OS login usernames to lists of authorized user indexes
+	machineUsers map[string][]uint32
+
+	// mu protects the list of users
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+// Config contains configuration for the SSH authorizer
+type Config struct {
+	// UserIDClaim is the JWT claim to extract the user ID from (e.g., "sub", "email")
+	UserIDClaim string
+
+	// AuthorizedUsers is a list of hashed user IDs (FNV-1a 64-bit) authorized to access this peer
+	AuthorizedUsers []sshuserhash.UserIDHash
+
+	// MachineUsers maps OS login usernames to indexes in AuthorizedUsers
+	// If a user wants to login as a specific OS user, their index must be in the corresponding list
+	MachineUsers map[string][]uint32
+}
+
+// NewAuthorizer creates a new SSH authorizer with empty configuration
+func NewAuthorizer() *Authorizer {
+	a := &Authorizer{
+		userIDClaim:  DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		machineUsers: make(map[string][]uint32),
+	}
+
+	return a
+}
+
+// Update updates the authorizer configuration with new values
+func (a *Authorizer) Update(config *Config) {
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if config == nil {
+		// Clear authorization
+		a.userIDClaim = DefaultUserIDClaim
+		a.authorizedUsers = []sshuserhash.UserIDHash{}
+		a.machineUsers = make(map[string][]uint32)
+		log.Info("SSH authorization cleared")
+		return
+	}
+
+	userIDClaim := config.UserIDClaim
+	if userIDClaim == "" {
+		userIDClaim = DefaultUserIDClaim
+	}
+	a.userIDClaim = userIDClaim
+
+	// Store authorized users list
+	a.authorizedUsers = config.AuthorizedUsers
+
+	// Store machine users mapping
+	machineUsers := make(map[string][]uint32)
+	for osUser, indexes := range config.MachineUsers {
+		if len(indexes) > 0 {
+			machineUsers[osUser] = indexes
+		}
+	}
+	a.machineUsers = machineUsers
+
+	log.Debugf("SSH auth: updated with %d authorized users, %d machine user mappings",
+		len(config.AuthorizedUsers), len(machineUsers))
+}
+
+// Authorize validates if a user is authorized to login as the specified OS user.
+// Returns a success message describing how authorization was granted, or an error.
+func (a *Authorizer) Authorize(jwtUserID, osUsername string) (string, error) {
+	if jwtUserID == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("JWT user ID is empty for OS user %q: %w", osUsername, ErrEmptyUserID)
+	}
+
+	// Hash the JWT user ID for comparison
+	hashedUserID, err := sshuserhash.HashUserID(jwtUserID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("hash user ID %q for OS user %q: %w", jwtUserID, osUsername, err)
+	}
+
+	a.mu.RLock()
+	defer a.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	// Find the index of this user in the authorized list
+	userIndex, found := a.findUserIndex(hashedUserID)
+	if !found {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("user %q (hash: %s) not in authorized list for OS user %q: %w", jwtUserID, hashedUserID, osUsername, ErrUserNotAuthorized)
+	}
+
+	return a.checkMachineUserMapping(jwtUserID, osUsername, userIndex)
+}
+
+// checkMachineUserMapping validates if a user's index is authorized for the specified OS user
+// Checks wildcard mapping first, then specific OS user mappings
+func (a *Authorizer) checkMachineUserMapping(jwtUserID, osUsername string, userIndex int) (string, error) {
+	// If wildcard exists and user's index is in the wildcard list, allow access to any OS user
+	if wildcardIndexes, hasWildcard := a.machineUsers[Wildcard]; hasWildcard {
+		if a.isIndexInList(uint32(userIndex), wildcardIndexes) {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("granted via wildcard (index: %d)", userIndex), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check for specific OS username mapping
+	allowedIndexes, hasMachineUserMapping := a.machineUsers[osUsername]
+	if !hasMachineUserMapping {
+		// No mapping for this OS user - deny by default (fail closed)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no machine user mapping for OS user %q (JWT user: %s): %w", osUsername, jwtUserID, ErrNoMachineUserMapping)
+	}
+
+	// Check if user's index is in the allowed indexes for this specific OS user
+	if !a.isIndexInList(uint32(userIndex), allowedIndexes) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("user %q not mapped to OS user %q (index: %d): %w", jwtUserID, osUsername, userIndex, ErrUserNotMappedToOSUser)
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("granted (index: %d)", userIndex), nil
+}
+
+// GetUserIDClaim returns the JWT claim name used to extract user IDs
+func (a *Authorizer) GetUserIDClaim() string {
+	a.mu.RLock()
+	defer a.mu.RUnlock()
+	return a.userIDClaim
+}
+
+// findUserIndex finds the index of a hashed user ID in the authorized users list
+// Returns the index and true if found, 0 and false if not found
+func (a *Authorizer) findUserIndex(hashedUserID sshuserhash.UserIDHash) (int, bool) {
+	for i, id := range a.authorizedUsers {
+		if id == hashedUserID {
+			return i, true
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+// isIndexInList checks if an index exists in a list of indexes
+func (a *Authorizer) isIndexInList(index uint32, indexes []uint32) bool {
+	for _, idx := range indexes {
+		if idx == index {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

client/ssh/auth/auth_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,612 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/sshauth"
+)
+
+func TestAuthorizer_Authorize_UserNotInList(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	// Set up authorized users list with one user
+	authorizedUserHash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("authorized-user")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{authorizedUserHash},
+		MachineUsers:    map[string][]uint32{},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// Try to authorize a different user
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("unauthorized-user", "root")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUserNotAuthorized)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_Authorize_UserInList_NoMachineUserRestrictions(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	user2Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash, user2Hash},
+		MachineUsers:    map[string][]uint32{}, // Empty = deny all (fail closed)
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// All attempts should fail when no machine user mappings exist (fail closed)
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "root")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNoMachineUserMapping)
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "admin")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNoMachineUserMapping)
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "postgres")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNoMachineUserMapping)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_Authorize_UserInList_WithMachineUserMapping_Allowed(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	user2Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	user3Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user3")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash, user2Hash, user3Hash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			"root":     {0, 1}, // user1 and user2 can access root
+			"postgres": {1, 2}, // user2 and user3 can access postgres
+			"admin":    {0},    // only user1 can access admin
+		},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// user1 (index 0) should access root and admin
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "admin")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// user2 (index 1) should access root and postgres
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "postgres")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// user3 (index 2) should access postgres
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user3", "postgres")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_Authorize_UserInList_WithMachineUserMapping_Denied(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	// Set up authorized users list
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	user2Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	user3Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user3")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash, user2Hash, user3Hash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			"root":     {0, 1}, // user1 and user2 can access root
+			"postgres": {1, 2}, // user2 and user3 can access postgres
+			"admin":    {0},    // only user1 can access admin
+		},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// user1 (index 0) should NOT access postgres
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "postgres")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUserNotMappedToOSUser)
+
+	// user2 (index 1) should NOT access admin
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "admin")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUserNotMappedToOSUser)
+
+	// user3 (index 2) should NOT access root
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user3", "root")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUserNotMappedToOSUser)
+
+	// user3 (index 2) should NOT access admin
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user3", "admin")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUserNotMappedToOSUser)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_Authorize_UserInList_OSUserNotInMapping(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	// Set up authorized users list
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			"root": {0}, // only root is mapped
+		},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// user1 should NOT access an unmapped OS user (fail closed)
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "postgres")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNoMachineUserMapping)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_Authorize_EmptyJWTUserID(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	// Set up authorized users list
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash},
+		MachineUsers:    map[string][]uint32{},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// Empty user ID should fail
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("", "root")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrEmptyUserID)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_Authorize_MultipleUsersInList(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	// Set up multiple authorized users
+	userHashes := make([]sshauth.UserIDHash, 10)
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user" + string(rune('0'+i)))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		userHashes[i] = hash
+	}
+
+	// Create machine user mapping for all users
+	rootIndexes := make([]uint32, 10)
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		rootIndexes[i] = uint32(i)
+	}
+
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: userHashes,
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			"root": rootIndexes,
+		},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// All users should be authorized for root
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		_, err := authorizer.Authorize("user"+string(rune('0'+i)), "root")
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "user%d should be authorized", i)
+	}
+
+	// User not in list should fail
+	_, err := authorizer.Authorize("unknown-user", "root")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUserNotAuthorized)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_Update_ClearsConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	// Set up initial configuration
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash},
+		MachineUsers:    map[string][]uint32{"root": {0}},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// user1 should be authorized
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Clear configuration
+	authorizer.Update(nil)
+
+	// user1 should no longer be authorized
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "root")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUserNotAuthorized)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_Update_EmptyMachineUsersListEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Machine users with empty index lists should be filtered out
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			"root":     {0},
+			"postgres": {},  // empty list - should be filtered out
+			"admin":    nil, // nil list - should be filtered out
+		},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// root should work
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// postgres should fail (no mapping)
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "postgres")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNoMachineUserMapping)
+
+	// admin should fail (no mapping)
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "admin")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNoMachineUserMapping)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_CustomUserIDClaim(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	// Set up with custom user ID claim
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user@example.com")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     "email",
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			"root": {0},
+		},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// Verify the custom claim is set
+	assert.Equal(t, "email", authorizer.GetUserIDClaim())
+
+	// Authorize with email as user ID
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user@example.com", "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_DefaultUserIDClaim(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	// Verify default claim
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultUserIDClaim, authorizer.GetUserIDClaim())
+	assert.Equal(t, "sub", authorizer.GetUserIDClaim())
+
+	// Set up with empty user ID claim (should use default)
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     "", // empty - should use default
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash},
+		MachineUsers:    map[string][]uint32{},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// Should fall back to default
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultUserIDClaim, authorizer.GetUserIDClaim())
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_MachineUserMapping_LargeIndexes(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	// Create a large authorized users list
+	const numUsers = 1000
+	userHashes := make([]sshauth.UserIDHash, numUsers)
+	for i := 0; i < numUsers; i++ {
+		hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user" + string(rune(i)))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		userHashes[i] = hash
+	}
+
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: userHashes,
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			"root": {0, 500, 999}, // first, middle, and last user
+		},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// First user should have access
+	_, err := authorizer.Authorize("user"+string(rune(0)), "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Middle user should have access
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user"+string(rune(500)), "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Last user should have access
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user"+string(rune(999)), "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// User not in mapping should NOT have access
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user"+string(rune(100)), "root")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_ConcurrentAuthorization(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	// Set up authorized users
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	user2Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash, user2Hash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			"root": {0, 1},
+		},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// Test concurrent authorization calls (should be safe to read concurrently)
+	const numGoroutines = 100
+	errChan := make(chan error, numGoroutines)
+
+	for i := 0; i < numGoroutines; i++ {
+		go func(idx int) {
+			user := "user1"
+			if idx%2 == 0 {
+				user = "user2"
+			}
+			_, err := authorizer.Authorize(user, "root")
+			errChan <- err
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	// Wait for all goroutines to complete and collect errors
+	for i := 0; i < numGoroutines; i++ {
+		err := <-errChan
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_Wildcard_AllowsAllAuthorizedUsers(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	user2Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	user3Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user3")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Configure with wildcard - all authorized users can access any OS user
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash, user2Hash, user3Hash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			"*": {0, 1, 2}, // wildcard with all user indexes
+		},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// All authorized users should be able to access any OS user
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "postgres")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user3", "admin")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "ubuntu")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "nginx")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user3", "docker")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_Wildcard_UnauthorizedUserStillDenied(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Configure with wildcard
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			"*": {0},
+		},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// user1 should have access
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Unauthorized user should still be denied even with wildcard
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("unauthorized-user", "root")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUserNotAuthorized)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_Wildcard_TakesPrecedenceOverSpecificMappings(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	user2Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Configure with both wildcard and specific mappings
+	// Wildcard takes precedence for users in the wildcard index list
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash, user2Hash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			"*":    {0, 1}, // wildcard for both users
+			"root": {0},    // specific mapping that would normally restrict to user1 only
+		},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// Both users should be able to access root via wildcard (takes precedence over specific mapping)
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Both users should be able to access any other OS user via wildcard
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "postgres")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "admin")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_NoWildcard_SpecificMappingsOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	user1Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	user2Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Configure WITHOUT wildcard - only specific mappings
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{user1Hash, user2Hash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			"root":     {0}, // only user1
+			"postgres": {1}, // only user2
+		},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// user1 can access root
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// user2 can access postgres
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "postgres")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// user1 cannot access postgres
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "postgres")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUserNotMappedToOSUser)
+
+	// user2 cannot access root
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "root")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUserNotMappedToOSUser)
+
+	// Neither can access unmapped OS users
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user1", "admin")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNoMachineUserMapping)
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "admin")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNoMachineUserMapping)
+}
+
+func TestAuthorizer_Wildcard_WithPartialIndexes_AllowsAllUsers(t *testing.T) {
+	// This test covers the scenario where wildcard exists with limited indexes.
+	// Only users whose indexes are in the wildcard list can access any OS user via wildcard.
+	// Other users can only access OS users they are explicitly mapped to.
+	authorizer := NewAuthorizer()
+
+	// Create two authorized user hashes (simulating the base64-encoded hashes in the config)
+	wasmHash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("wasm")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	user2Hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID("user2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Configure with wildcard having only index 0, and specific mappings for other OS users
+	config := &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     "sub",
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshauth.UserIDHash{wasmHash, user2Hash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			"*":     {0}, // wildcard with only index 0 - only wasm has wildcard access
+			"alice": {1}, // specific mapping for user2
+			"bob":   {1}, // specific mapping for user2
+		},
+	}
+	authorizer.Update(config)
+
+	// wasm (index 0) should access any OS user via wildcard
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("wasm", "root")
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "wasm should access root via wildcard")
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("wasm", "alice")
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "wasm should access alice via wildcard")
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("wasm", "bob")
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "wasm should access bob via wildcard")
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("wasm", "postgres")
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "wasm should access postgres via wildcard")
+
+	// user2 (index 1) should only access alice and bob (explicitly mapped), NOT root or postgres
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "alice")
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "user2 should access alice via explicit mapping")
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "bob")
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "user2 should access bob via explicit mapping")
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "root")
+	assert.Error(t, err, "user2 should NOT access root (not in wildcard indexes)")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNoMachineUserMapping)
+
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user2", "postgres")
+	assert.Error(t, err, "user2 should NOT access postgres (not explicitly mapped)")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNoMachineUserMapping)
+
+	// Unauthorized user should still be denied
+	_, err = authorizer.Authorize("user3", "root")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUserNotAuthorized, "unauthorized user should be denied")
+}

client/ssh/client/client.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -551,14 +550,15 @@ func (c *Client) LocalPortForward(ctx context.Context, localAddr, remoteAddr str
 func (c *Client) handleLocalForward(localConn net.Conn, remoteAddr string) {
 	defer func() {
 		if err := localConn.Close(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("local connection close error: %v", err)
+			log.Debugf("local port forwarding: close local connection: %v", err)
 		}
 	}()
 
 	channel, err := c.client.Dial("tcp", remoteAddr)
 	if err != nil {
-		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "administratively prohibited") {
-			_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "channel open failed: administratively prohibited: port forwarding is disabled\n")
+		var openErr *ssh.OpenChannelError
+		if errors.As(err, &openErr) && openErr.Reason == ssh.Prohibited {
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "channel open failed: port forwarding is disabled\n")
 		} else {
 			log.Debugf("local port forwarding to %s failed: %v", remoteAddr, err)
 		}
@@ -566,19 +566,11 @@ func (c *Client) handleLocalForward(localConn net.Conn, remoteAddr string) {
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if err := channel.Close(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("remote channel close error: %v", err)
+			log.Debugf("local port forwarding: close remote channel: %v", err)
 		}
 	}()
 
-	go func() {
-		if _, err := io.Copy(channel, localConn); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("local forward copy error (local->remote): %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	if _, err := io.Copy(localConn, channel); err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("local forward copy error (remote->local): %v", err)
-	}
+	nbssh.BidirectionalCopy(log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger()), localConn, channel)
 }
 
 // RemotePortForward sets up remote port forwarding, binding on remote and forwarding to localAddr
@@ -633,7 +625,7 @@ func (c *Client) sendTCPIPForwardRequest(req tcpipForwardMsg) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("send tcpip-forward request: %w", err)
 	}
 	if !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("remote port forwarding denied by server (check if --allow-ssh-remote-port-forwarding is enabled)")
+		return fmt.Errorf("remote port forwarding denied by server")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -676,7 +668,7 @@ func (c *Client) handleRemoteForwardChannel(newChan ssh.NewChannel, localAddr st
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if err := channel.Close(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("remote channel close error: %v", err)
+			log.Debugf("remote port forwarding: close remote channel: %v", err)
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -688,19 +680,11 @@ func (c *Client) handleRemoteForwardChannel(newChan ssh.NewChannel, localAddr st
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if err := localConn.Close(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("local connection close error: %v", err)
+			log.Debugf("remote port forwarding: close local connection: %v", err)
 		}
 	}()
 
-	go func() {
-		if _, err := io.Copy(localConn, channel); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("remote forward copy error (remote->local): %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	if _, err := io.Copy(channel, localConn); err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("remote forward copy error (local->remote): %v", err)
-	}
+	nbssh.BidirectionalCopy(log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger()), localConn, channel)
 }
 
 // tcpipForwardMsg represents the structure for tcpip-forward requests

client/ssh/common.go

@@ -193,3 +193,64 @@ func buildAddressList(hostname string, remote net.Addr) []string {
 	}
 	return addresses
 }
+
+// BidirectionalCopy copies data bidirectionally between two io.ReadWriter connections.
+// It waits for both directions to complete before returning.
+// The caller is responsible for closing the connections.
+func BidirectionalCopy(logger *log.Entry, rw1, rw2 io.ReadWriter) {
+	done := make(chan struct{}, 2)
+
+	go func() {
+		if _, err := io.Copy(rw2, rw1); err != nil && !isExpectedCopyError(err) {
+			logger.Debugf("copy error (1->2): %v", err)
+		}
+		done <- struct{}{}
+	}()
+
+	go func() {
+		if _, err := io.Copy(rw1, rw2); err != nil && !isExpectedCopyError(err) {
+			logger.Debugf("copy error (2->1): %v", err)
+		}
+		done <- struct{}{}
+	}()
+
+	<-done
+	<-done
+}
+
+func isExpectedCopyError(err error) bool {
+	return errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(err, context.Canceled)
+}
+
+// BidirectionalCopyWithContext copies data bidirectionally between two io.ReadWriteCloser connections.
+// It waits for both directions to complete or for context cancellation before returning.
+// Both connections are closed when the function returns.
+func BidirectionalCopyWithContext(logger *log.Entry, ctx context.Context, conn1, conn2 io.ReadWriteCloser) {
+	done := make(chan struct{}, 2)
+
+	go func() {
+		if _, err := io.Copy(conn2, conn1); err != nil && !isExpectedCopyError(err) {
+			logger.Debugf("copy error (1->2): %v", err)
+		}
+		done <- struct{}{}
+	}()
+
+	go func() {
+		if _, err := io.Copy(conn1, conn2); err != nil && !isExpectedCopyError(err) {
+			logger.Debugf("copy error (2->1): %v", err)
+		}
+		done <- struct{}{}
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+	case <-done:
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		case <-done:
+		}
+	}
+
+	_ = conn1.Close()
+	_ = conn2.Close()
+}

client/ssh/proxy/proxy.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package proxy
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -42,6 +43,14 @@ type SSHProxy struct {
 	conn          *grpc.ClientConn
 	daemonClient  proto.DaemonServiceClient
 	browserOpener func(string) error
+
+	mu            sync.RWMutex
+	backendClient *cryptossh.Client
+	// jwtToken is set once in runProxySSHServer before any handlers are called,
+	// so concurrent access is safe without additional synchronization.
+	jwtToken string
+
+	forwardedChannelsOnce sync.Once
 }
 
 func New(daemonAddr, targetHost string, targetPort int, stderr io.Writer, browserOpener func(string) error) (*SSHProxy, error) {
@@ -63,6 +72,17 @@ func New(daemonAddr, targetHost string, targetPort int, stderr io.Writer, browse
 }
 
 func (p *SSHProxy) Close() error {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	backendClient := p.backendClient
+	p.backendClient = nil
+	p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if backendClient != nil {
+		if err := backendClient.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close backend client: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	if p.conn != nil {
 		return p.conn.Close()
 	}
@@ -77,16 +97,16 @@ func (p *SSHProxy) Connect(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf(jwtAuthErrorMsg, err)
 	}
 
-	return p.runProxySSHServer(ctx, jwtToken)
+	log.Debugf("JWT authentication successful, starting proxy to %s:%d", p.targetHost, p.targetPort)
+	return p.runProxySSHServer(jwtToken)
 }
 
-func (p *SSHProxy) runProxySSHServer(ctx context.Context, jwtToken string) error {
+func (p *SSHProxy) runProxySSHServer(jwtToken string) error {
+	p.jwtToken = jwtToken
 	serverVersion := fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", detection.ProxyIdentifier, version.NetbirdVersion())
 
 	sshServer := &ssh.Server{
-		Handler: func(s ssh.Session) {
-			p.handleSSHSession(ctx, s, jwtToken)
-		},
+		Handler: p.handleSSHSession,
 		ChannelHandlers: map[string]ssh.ChannelHandler{
 			"session":      ssh.DefaultSessionHandler,
 			"direct-tcpip": p.directTCPIPHandler,
@@ -119,15 +139,20 @@ func (p *SSHProxy) runProxySSHServer(ctx context.Context, jwtToken string) error
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (p *SSHProxy) handleSSHSession(ctx context.Context, session ssh.Session, jwtToken string) {
-	targetAddr := net.JoinHostPort(p.targetHost, strconv.Itoa(p.targetPort))
+func (p *SSHProxy) handleSSHSession(session ssh.Session) {
+	ptyReq, winCh, isPty := session.Pty()
+	hasCommand := len(session.Command()) > 0
 
-	sshClient, err := p.dialBackend(ctx, targetAddr, session.User(), jwtToken)
+	sshClient, err := p.getOrCreateBackendClient(session.Context(), session.User())
 	if err != nil {
 		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(p.stderr, "SSH connection to NetBird server failed: %v\n", err)
 		return
 	}
-	defer func() { _ = sshClient.Close() }()
+
+	if !isPty && !hasCommand {
+		p.handleNonInteractiveSession(session, sshClient)
+		return
+	}
 
 	serverSession, err := sshClient.NewSession()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -140,7 +165,6 @@ func (p *SSHProxy) handleSSHSession(ctx context.Context, session ssh.Session, jw
 	serverSession.Stdout = session
 	serverSession.Stderr = session.Stderr()
 
-	ptyReq, winCh, isPty := session.Pty()
 	if isPty {
 		if err := serverSession.RequestPty(ptyReq.Term, ptyReq.Window.Width, ptyReq.Window.Height, nil); err != nil {
 			log.Debugf("PTY request to backend: %v", err)
@@ -155,7 +179,7 @@ func (p *SSHProxy) handleSSHSession(ctx context.Context, session ssh.Session, jw
 		}()
 	}
 
-	if len(session.Command()) > 0 {
+	if hasCommand {
 		if err := serverSession.Run(strings.Join(session.Command(), " ")); err != nil {
 			log.Debugf("run command: %v", err)
 			p.handleProxyExitCode(session, err)
@@ -176,12 +200,29 @@ func (p *SSHProxy) handleSSHSession(ctx context.Context, session ssh.Session, jw
 func (p *SSHProxy) handleProxyExitCode(session ssh.Session, err error) {
 	var exitErr *cryptossh.ExitError
 	if errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
-		if exitErr := session.Exit(exitErr.ExitStatus()); exitErr != nil {
-			log.Debugf("set exit status: %v", exitErr)
+		if err := session.Exit(exitErr.ExitStatus()); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("set exit status: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+func (p *SSHProxy) handleNonInteractiveSession(session ssh.Session, sshClient *cryptossh.Client) {
+	// Create a backend session to mirror the client's session request.
+	// This keeps the connection alive on the server side while port forwarding channels operate.
+	serverSession, err := sshClient.NewSession()
+	if err != nil {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(p.stderr, "create server session: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = serverSession.Close() }()
+
+	<-session.Context().Done()
+
+	if err := session.Exit(0); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("session exit: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func generateHostKey() (ssh.Signer, error) {
 	keyPEM, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -250,8 +291,52 @@ func (c *stdioConn) SetWriteDeadline(_ time.Time) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (p *SSHProxy) directTCPIPHandler(_ *ssh.Server, _ *cryptossh.ServerConn, newChan cryptossh.NewChannel, _ ssh.Context) {
-	_ = newChan.Reject(cryptossh.Prohibited, "port forwarding not supported in proxy")
+// directTCPIPHandler handles local port forwarding (direct-tcpip channel).
+func (p *SSHProxy) directTCPIPHandler(_ *ssh.Server, _ *cryptossh.ServerConn, newChan cryptossh.NewChannel, sshCtx ssh.Context) {
+	var payload struct {
+		DestAddr   string
+		DestPort   uint32
+		OriginAddr string
+		OriginPort uint32
+	}
+	if err := cryptossh.Unmarshal(newChan.ExtraData(), &payload); err != nil {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(p.stderr, "parse direct-tcpip payload: %v\n", err)
+		_ = newChan.Reject(cryptossh.ConnectionFailed, "invalid payload")
+		return
+	}
+
+	dest := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", payload.DestAddr, payload.DestPort)
+	log.Debugf("local port forwarding: %s", dest)
+
+	backendClient, err := p.getOrCreateBackendClient(sshCtx, sshCtx.User())
+	if err != nil {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(p.stderr, "backend connection for port forwarding: %v\n", err)
+		_ = newChan.Reject(cryptossh.ConnectionFailed, "backend connection failed")
+		return
+	}
+
+	backendChan, backendReqs, err := backendClient.OpenChannel("direct-tcpip", newChan.ExtraData())
+	if err != nil {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(p.stderr, "open backend channel for %s: %v\n", dest, err)
+		var openErr *cryptossh.OpenChannelError
+		if errors.As(err, &openErr) {
+			_ = newChan.Reject(openErr.Reason, openErr.Message)
+		} else {
+			_ = newChan.Reject(cryptossh.ConnectionFailed, err.Error())
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	go cryptossh.DiscardRequests(backendReqs)
+
+	clientChan, clientReqs, err := newChan.Accept()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("local port forwarding: accept channel: %v", err)
+		_ = backendChan.Close()
+		return
+	}
+	go cryptossh.DiscardRequests(clientReqs)
+
+	nbssh.BidirectionalCopyWithContext(log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger()), sshCtx, clientChan, backendChan)
 }
 
 func (p *SSHProxy) sftpSubsystemHandler(s ssh.Session, jwtToken string) {
@@ -354,12 +439,143 @@ func (p *SSHProxy) runSFTPBridge(ctx context.Context, s ssh.Session, stdin io.Wr
 	}
 }
 
-func (p *SSHProxy) tcpipForwardHandler(_ ssh.Context, _ *ssh.Server, _ *cryptossh.Request) (bool, []byte) {
-	return false, []byte("port forwarding not supported in proxy")
+// tcpipForwardHandler handles remote port forwarding (tcpip-forward request).
+func (p *SSHProxy) tcpipForwardHandler(sshCtx ssh.Context, _ *ssh.Server, req *cryptossh.Request) (bool, []byte) {
+	var reqPayload struct {
+		Host string
+		Port uint32
+	}
+	if err := cryptossh.Unmarshal(req.Payload, &reqPayload); err != nil {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(p.stderr, "parse tcpip-forward payload: %v\n", err)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("tcpip-forward request for %s:%d", reqPayload.Host, reqPayload.Port)
+
+	backendClient, err := p.getOrCreateBackendClient(sshCtx, sshCtx.User())
+	if err != nil {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(p.stderr, "backend connection for remote port forwarding: %v\n", err)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	ok, payload, err := backendClient.SendRequest(req.Type, req.WantReply, req.Payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(p.stderr, "forward tcpip-forward request for %s:%d: %v\n", reqPayload.Host, reqPayload.Port, err)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	if ok {
+		actualPort := reqPayload.Port
+		if reqPayload.Port == 0 && len(payload) >= 4 {
+			actualPort = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(payload)
+		}
+		log.Debugf("remote port forwarding established for %s:%d", reqPayload.Host, actualPort)
+		p.forwardedChannelsOnce.Do(func() {
+			go p.handleForwardedChannels(sshCtx, backendClient)
+		})
+	}
+
+	return ok, payload
 }
 
-func (p *SSHProxy) cancelTcpipForwardHandler(_ ssh.Context, _ *ssh.Server, _ *cryptossh.Request) (bool, []byte) {
-	return true, nil
+// cancelTcpipForwardHandler handles cancel-tcpip-forward request.
+func (p *SSHProxy) cancelTcpipForwardHandler(_ ssh.Context, _ *ssh.Server, req *cryptossh.Request) (bool, []byte) {
+	var reqPayload struct {
+		Host string
+		Port uint32
+	}
+	if err := cryptossh.Unmarshal(req.Payload, &reqPayload); err != nil {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(p.stderr, "parse cancel-tcpip-forward payload: %v\n", err)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("cancel-tcpip-forward request for %s:%d", reqPayload.Host, reqPayload.Port)
+
+	backendClient := p.getBackendClient()
+	if backendClient == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	ok, payload, err := backendClient.SendRequest(req.Type, req.WantReply, req.Payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(p.stderr, "cancel-tcpip-forward for %s:%d: %v\n", reqPayload.Host, reqPayload.Port, err)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	return ok, payload
+}
+
+// getOrCreateBackendClient returns the existing backend client or creates a new one.
+func (p *SSHProxy) getOrCreateBackendClient(ctx context.Context, user string) (*cryptossh.Client, error) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if p.backendClient != nil {
+		return p.backendClient, nil
+	}
+
+	targetAddr := net.JoinHostPort(p.targetHost, strconv.Itoa(p.targetPort))
+	log.Debugf("connecting to backend %s", targetAddr)
+
+	client, err := p.dialBackend(ctx, targetAddr, user, p.jwtToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("backend connection established to %s", targetAddr)
+	p.backendClient = client
+	return client, nil
+}
+
+// getBackendClient returns the existing backend client or nil.
+func (p *SSHProxy) getBackendClient() *cryptossh.Client {
+	p.mu.RLock()
+	defer p.mu.RUnlock()
+	return p.backendClient
+}
+
+// handleForwardedChannels handles forwarded-tcpip channels from the backend for remote port forwarding.
+// When the backend receives incoming connections on the forwarded port, it sends them as
+// "forwarded-tcpip" channels which we need to proxy to the client.
+func (p *SSHProxy) handleForwardedChannels(sshCtx ssh.Context, backendClient *cryptossh.Client) {
+	sshConn, ok := sshCtx.Value(ssh.ContextKeyConn).(*cryptossh.ServerConn)
+	if !ok || sshConn == nil {
+		log.Debugf("no SSH connection in context for forwarded channels")
+		return
+	}
+
+	channelChan := backendClient.HandleChannelOpen("forwarded-tcpip")
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-sshCtx.Done():
+			return
+		case newChannel, ok := <-channelChan:
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			go p.handleForwardedChannel(sshCtx, sshConn, newChannel)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// handleForwardedChannel handles a single forwarded-tcpip channel from the backend.
+func (p *SSHProxy) handleForwardedChannel(sshCtx ssh.Context, sshConn *cryptossh.ServerConn, newChannel cryptossh.NewChannel) {
+	backendChan, backendReqs, err := newChannel.Accept()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("remote port forwarding: accept from backend: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	go cryptossh.DiscardRequests(backendReqs)
+
+	clientChan, clientReqs, err := sshConn.OpenChannel("forwarded-tcpip", newChannel.ExtraData())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("remote port forwarding: open to client: %v", err)
+		_ = backendChan.Close()
+		return
+	}
+	go cryptossh.DiscardRequests(clientReqs)
+
+	nbssh.BidirectionalCopyWithContext(log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger()), sshCtx, clientChan, backendChan)
 }
 
 func (p *SSHProxy) dialBackend(ctx context.Context, addr, user, jwtToken string) (*cryptossh.Client, error) {

client/ssh/proxy/proxy_test.go

@@ -27,9 +27,11 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	sshauth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/testutil"
 	nbjwt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth/jwt"
+	sshuserhash "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/sshauth"
 )
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
@@ -137,6 +139,21 @@ func TestSSHProxy_Connect(t *testing.T) {
 	sshServer := server.New(serverConfig)
 	sshServer.SetAllowRootLogin(true)
 
+	// Configure SSH authorization for the test user
+	testUsername := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
+	testJWTUser := "test-username"
+	testUserHash, err := sshuserhash.HashUserID(testJWTUser)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	authConfig := &sshauth.Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     sshauth.DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshuserhash.UserIDHash{testUserHash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			testUsername: {0}, // Index 0 in AuthorizedUsers
+		},
+	}
+	sshServer.UpdateSSHAuth(authConfig)
+
 	sshServerAddr := server.StartTestServer(t, sshServer)
 	defer func() { _ = sshServer.Stop() }()
 
@@ -150,10 +167,10 @@ func TestSSHProxy_Connect(t *testing.T) {
 
 	mockDaemon.setHostKey(host, hostPubKey)
 
-	validToken := generateValidJWT(t, privateKey, issuer, audience)
+	validToken := generateValidJWT(t, privateKey, issuer, audience, testJWTUser)
 	mockDaemon.setJWTToken(validToken)
 
-	proxyInstance, err := New(mockDaemon.addr, host, port, nil, nil)
+	proxyInstance, err := New(mockDaemon.addr, host, port, io.Discard, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	clientConn, proxyConn := net.Pipe()
@@ -347,12 +364,12 @@ func generateTestJWKS(t *testing.T) (*rsa.PrivateKey, []byte) {
 	return privateKey, jwksJSON
 }
 
-func generateValidJWT(t *testing.T, privateKey *rsa.PrivateKey, issuer, audience string) string {
+func generateValidJWT(t *testing.T, privateKey *rsa.PrivateKey, issuer, audience string, user string) string {
 	t.Helper()
 	claims := jwt.MapClaims{
 		"iss": issuer,
 		"aud": audience,
-		"sub": "test-user",
+		"sub": user,
 		"exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix(),
 		"iat": time.Now().Unix(),
 	}

client/ssh/server/jwt_test.go

@@ -23,10 +23,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	sshauth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/client"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/detection"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/testutil"
 	nbjwt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth/jwt"
+	sshuserhash "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/sshauth"
 )
 
 func TestJWTEnforcement(t *testing.T) {
@@ -577,6 +579,22 @@ func TestJWTAuthentication(t *testing.T) {
 				tc.setupServer(server)
 			}
 
+			// Always set up authorization for test-user to ensure tests fail at JWT validation stage
+			testUserHash, err := sshuserhash.HashUserID("test-user")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Get current OS username for machine user mapping
+			currentUser := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
+
+			authConfig := &sshauth.Config{
+				UserIDClaim:     sshauth.DefaultUserIDClaim,
+				AuthorizedUsers: []sshuserhash.UserIDHash{testUserHash},
+				MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+					currentUser: {0}, // Allow test-user (index 0) to access current OS user
+				},
+			}
+			server.UpdateSSHAuth(authConfig)
+
 			serverAddr := StartTestServer(t, server)
 			defer require.NoError(t, server.Stop())
 

client/ssh/server/port_forwarding.go

@@ -1,25 +1,32 @@
+// Package server implements port forwarding for the SSH server.
+//
+// Security note: Port forwarding runs in the main server process without privilege separation.
+// The attack surface is primarily io.Copy through well-tested standard library code, making it
+// lower risk than shell execution which uses privilege-separated child processes. We enforce
+// user-level port restrictions: non-privileged users cannot bind to ports < 1024.
 package server
 
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"net"
+	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/gliderlabs/ssh"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	cryptossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+
+	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 )
 
-// SessionKey uniquely identifies an SSH session
-type SessionKey string
+const privilegedPortThreshold = 1024
 
-// ConnectionKey uniquely identifies a port forwarding connection within a session
-type ConnectionKey string
+// sessionKey uniquely identifies an SSH session
+type sessionKey string
 
-// ForwardKey uniquely identifies a port forwarding listener
-type ForwardKey string
+// forwardKey uniquely identifies a port forwarding listener
+type forwardKey string
 
 // tcpipForwardMsg represents the structure for tcpip-forward SSH requests
 type tcpipForwardMsg struct {
@@ -47,34 +54,32 @@ func (s *Server) configurePortForwarding(server *ssh.Server) {
 	allowRemote := s.allowRemotePortForwarding
 
 	server.LocalPortForwardingCallback = func(ctx ssh.Context, dstHost string, dstPort uint32) bool {
+		logger := s.getRequestLogger(ctx)
 		if !allowLocal {
-			log.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s from %s: disabled by configuration",
-				net.JoinHostPort(dstHost, fmt.Sprintf("%d", dstPort)), ctx.RemoteAddr())
+			logger.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s:%d: disabled", dstHost, dstPort)
 			return false
 		}
 
 		if err := s.checkPortForwardingPrivileges(ctx, "local", dstPort); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s:%d from %s: %v", dstHost, dstPort, ctx.RemoteAddr(), err)
+			logger.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s:%d: %v", dstHost, dstPort, err)
 			return false
 		}
 
-		log.Debugf("local port forwarding allowed: %s:%d", dstHost, dstPort)
 		return true
 	}
 
 	server.ReversePortForwardingCallback = func(ctx ssh.Context, bindHost string, bindPort uint32) bool {
+		logger := s.getRequestLogger(ctx)
 		if !allowRemote {
-			log.Warnf("remote port forwarding denied for %s from %s: disabled by configuration",
-				net.JoinHostPort(bindHost, fmt.Sprintf("%d", bindPort)), ctx.RemoteAddr())
+			logger.Warnf("remote port forwarding denied for %s:%d: disabled", bindHost, bindPort)
 			return false
 		}
 
 		if err := s.checkPortForwardingPrivileges(ctx, "remote", bindPort); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("remote port forwarding denied for %s:%d from %s: %v", bindHost, bindPort, ctx.RemoteAddr(), err)
+			logger.Warnf("remote port forwarding denied for %s:%d: %v", bindHost, bindPort, err)
 			return false
 		}
 
-		log.Debugf("remote port forwarding allowed: %s:%d", bindHost, bindPort)
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -82,23 +87,20 @@ func (s *Server) configurePortForwarding(server *ssh.Server) {
 }
 
 // checkPortForwardingPrivileges validates privilege requirements for port forwarding operations.
-// Returns nil if allowed, error if denied.
+// For remote port forwarding (binding), it enforces that non-privileged users cannot bind to
+// ports below 1024, mirroring the restriction they would face if binding directly.
+//
+// Note: FeatureSupportsUserSwitch is true because we accept requests from any authenticated user,
+// though we don't actually switch users - port forwarding runs in the server process. The resolved
+// user is used for privileged port access checks.
 func (s *Server) checkPortForwardingPrivileges(ctx ssh.Context, forwardType string, port uint32) error {
 	if ctx == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%s port forwarding denied: no context", forwardType)
 	}
 
-	username := ctx.User()
-	remoteAddr := "unknown"
-	if ctx.RemoteAddr() != nil {
-		remoteAddr = ctx.RemoteAddr().String()
-	}
-
-	logger := log.WithFields(log.Fields{"user": username, "remote": remoteAddr, "port": port})
-
 	result := s.CheckPrivileges(PrivilegeCheckRequest{
-		RequestedUsername:         username,
-		FeatureSupportsUserSwitch: false,
+		RequestedUsername:         ctx.User(),
+		FeatureSupportsUserSwitch: true,
 		FeatureName:               forwardType + " port forwarding",
 	})
 
@@ -106,12 +108,42 @@ func (s *Server) checkPortForwardingPrivileges(ctx ssh.Context, forwardType stri
 		return result.Error
 	}
 
-	logger.Debugf("%s port forwarding allowed: user %s validated (port %d)",
-		forwardType, result.User.Username, port)
+	if err := s.checkPrivilegedPortAccess(forwardType, port, result); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+// checkPrivilegedPortAccess enforces that non-privileged users cannot bind to privileged ports.
+// This applies to remote port forwarding where the server binds a port on behalf of the user.
+// On Windows, there is no privileged port restriction, so this check is skipped.
+func (s *Server) checkPrivilegedPortAccess(forwardType string, port uint32, result PrivilegeCheckResult) error {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	isBindOperation := forwardType == "remote" || forwardType == "tcpip-forward"
+	if !isBindOperation {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Port 0 means "pick any available port", which will be >= 1024
+	if port == 0 || port >= privilegedPortThreshold {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if result.User != nil && isPrivilegedUsername(result.User.Username) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	username := "unknown"
+	if result.User != nil {
+		username = result.User.Username
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("user %s cannot bind to privileged port %d (requires root)", username, port)
+}
+
 // tcpipForwardHandler handles tcpip-forward requests for remote port forwarding.
 func (s *Server) tcpipForwardHandler(ctx ssh.Context, _ *ssh.Server, req *cryptossh.Request) (bool, []byte) {
 	logger := s.getRequestLogger(ctx)
@@ -132,8 +164,6 @@ func (s *Server) tcpipForwardHandler(ctx ssh.Context, _ *ssh.Server, req *crypto
 		return false, nil
 	}
 
-	logger.Debugf("tcpip-forward request: %s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port)
-
 	sshConn, err := s.getSSHConnection(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Warnf("tcpip-forward request denied: %v", err)
@@ -153,8 +183,10 @@ func (s *Server) cancelTcpipForwardHandler(ctx ssh.Context, _ *ssh.Server, req *
 		return false, nil
 	}
 
-	key := ForwardKey(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port))
+	key := forwardKey(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port))
 	if s.removeRemoteForwardListener(key) {
+		forwardAddr := fmt.Sprintf("-R %s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port)
+		s.removeConnectionPortForward(ctx.RemoteAddr(), forwardAddr)
 		logger.Infof("remote port forwarding cancelled: %s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port)
 		return true, nil
 	}
@@ -165,14 +197,11 @@ func (s *Server) cancelTcpipForwardHandler(ctx ssh.Context, _ *ssh.Server, req *
 
 // handleRemoteForwardListener handles incoming connections for remote port forwarding.
 func (s *Server) handleRemoteForwardListener(ctx ssh.Context, ln net.Listener, host string, port uint32) {
-	log.Debugf("starting remote forward listener handler for %s:%d", host, port)
+	logger := s.getRequestLogger(ctx)
 
 	defer func() {
-		log.Debugf("cleaning up remote forward listener for %s:%d", host, port)
 		if err := ln.Close(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("remote forward listener close error: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			log.Debugf("remote forward listener closed successfully for %s:%d", host, port)
+			logger.Debugf("remote forward listener close error for %s:%d: %v", host, port, err)
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -196,28 +225,43 @@ func (s *Server) handleRemoteForwardListener(ctx ssh.Context, ln net.Listener, h
 		select {
 		case result := <-acceptChan:
 			if result.err != nil {
-				log.Debugf("remote forward accept error: %v", result.err)
+				logger.Debugf("remote forward accept error: %v", result.err)
 				return
 			}
 			go s.handleRemoteForwardConnection(ctx, result.conn, host, port)
 		case <-ctx.Done():
-			log.Debugf("remote forward listener shutting down due to context cancellation for %s:%d", host, port)
+			logger.Debugf("remote forward listener shutting down for %s:%d", host, port)
 			return
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-// getRequestLogger creates a logger with user and remote address context
+// getRequestLogger creates a logger with session/conn and jwt_user context
 func (s *Server) getRequestLogger(ctx ssh.Context) *log.Entry {
-	remoteAddr := "unknown"
-	username := "unknown"
-	if ctx != nil {
-		if ctx.RemoteAddr() != nil {
-			remoteAddr = ctx.RemoteAddr().String()
+	sessionKey := s.findSessionKeyByContext(ctx)
+
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if state, exists := s.sessions[sessionKey]; exists {
+		logger := log.WithField("session", sessionKey)
+		if state.jwtUsername != "" {
+			logger = logger.WithField("jwt_user", state.jwtUsername)
 		}
-		username = ctx.User()
+		return logger
 	}
-	return log.WithFields(log.Fields{"user": username, "remote": remoteAddr})
+
+	if ctx.RemoteAddr() != nil {
+		if connState, exists := s.connections[connKey(ctx.RemoteAddr().String())]; exists {
+			return s.connLogger(connState)
+		}
+	}
+
+	remoteAddr := "unknown"
+	if ctx.RemoteAddr() != nil {
+		remoteAddr = ctx.RemoteAddr().String()
+	}
+	return log.WithField("session", fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", ctx.User(), remoteAddr))
 }
 
 // isRemotePortForwardingAllowed checks if remote port forwarding is enabled
@@ -227,6 +271,13 @@ func (s *Server) isRemotePortForwardingAllowed() bool {
 	return s.allowRemotePortForwarding
 }
 
+// isPortForwardingEnabled checks if any port forwarding (local or remote) is enabled
+func (s *Server) isPortForwardingEnabled() bool {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.allowLocalPortForwarding || s.allowRemotePortForwarding
+}
+
 // parseTcpipForwardRequest parses the SSH request payload
 func (s *Server) parseTcpipForwardRequest(req *cryptossh.Request) (*tcpipForwardMsg, error) {
 	var payload tcpipForwardMsg
@@ -267,10 +318,11 @@ func (s *Server) setupDirectForward(ctx ssh.Context, logger *log.Entry, sshConn
 		logger.Debugf("tcpip-forward allocated port %d for %s", actualPort, payload.Host)
 	}
 
-	key := ForwardKey(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port))
+	key := forwardKey(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port))
 	s.storeRemoteForwardListener(key, ln)
 
-	s.markConnectionActivePortForward(sshConn, ctx.User(), ctx.RemoteAddr().String())
+	forwardAddr := fmt.Sprintf("-R %s:%d", payload.Host, actualPort)
+	s.addConnectionPortForward(ctx.User(), ctx.RemoteAddr(), forwardAddr)
 	go s.handleRemoteForwardListener(ctx, ln, payload.Host, actualPort)
 
 	response := make([]byte, 4)
@@ -288,44 +340,34 @@ type acceptResult struct {
 
 // handleRemoteForwardConnection handles a single remote port forwarding connection
 func (s *Server) handleRemoteForwardConnection(ctx ssh.Context, conn net.Conn, host string, port uint32) {
-	sessionKey := s.findSessionKeyByContext(ctx)
-	connID := fmt.Sprintf("pf-%s->%s:%d", conn.RemoteAddr(), host, port)
-	logger := log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-		"session": sessionKey,
-		"conn":    connID,
-	})
+	logger := s.getRequestLogger(ctx)
 
-	defer func() {
-		if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
-			logger.Debugf("connection close error: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	sshConn := ctx.Value(ssh.ContextKeyConn).(*cryptossh.ServerConn)
-	if sshConn == nil {
+	sshConn, ok := ctx.Value(ssh.ContextKeyConn).(*cryptossh.ServerConn)
+	if !ok || sshConn == nil {
 		logger.Debugf("remote forward: no SSH connection in context")
+		_ = conn.Close()
 		return
 	}
 
 	remoteAddr, ok := conn.RemoteAddr().(*net.TCPAddr)
 	if !ok {
 		logger.Warnf("remote forward: non-TCP connection type: %T", conn.RemoteAddr())
+		_ = conn.Close()
 		return
 	}
 
-	channel, err := s.openForwardChannel(sshConn, host, port, remoteAddr, logger)
+	channel, err := s.openForwardChannel(sshConn, host, port, remoteAddr)
 	if err != nil {
-		logger.Debugf("open forward channel: %v", err)
+		logger.Debugf("open forward channel for %s:%d: %v", host, port, err)
+		_ = conn.Close()
 		return
 	}
 
-	s.proxyForwardConnection(ctx, logger, conn, channel)
+	nbssh.BidirectionalCopyWithContext(logger, ctx, conn, channel)
 }
 
 // openForwardChannel creates an SSH forwarded-tcpip channel
-func (s *Server) openForwardChannel(sshConn *cryptossh.ServerConn, host string, port uint32, remoteAddr *net.TCPAddr, logger *log.Entry) (cryptossh.Channel, error) {
-	logger.Tracef("opening forwarded-tcpip channel for %s:%d", host, port)
-
+func (s *Server) openForwardChannel(sshConn *cryptossh.ServerConn, host string, port uint32, remoteAddr *net.TCPAddr) (cryptossh.Channel, error) {
 	payload := struct {
 		ConnectedAddress  string
 		ConnectedPort     uint32
@@ -346,41 +388,3 @@ func (s *Server) openForwardChannel(sshConn *cryptossh.ServerConn, host string,
 	go cryptossh.DiscardRequests(reqs)
 	return channel, nil
 }
-
-// proxyForwardConnection handles bidirectional data transfer between connection and SSH channel
-func (s *Server) proxyForwardConnection(ctx ssh.Context, logger *log.Entry, conn net.Conn, channel cryptossh.Channel) {
-	done := make(chan struct{}, 2)
-
-	go func() {
-		if _, err := io.Copy(channel, conn); err != nil {
-			logger.Debugf("copy error (conn->channel): %v", err)
-		}
-		done <- struct{}{}
-	}()
-
-	go func() {
-		if _, err := io.Copy(conn, channel); err != nil {
-			logger.Debugf("copy error (channel->conn): %v", err)
-		}
-		done <- struct{}{}
-	}()
-
-	select {
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		logger.Debugf("session ended, closing connections")
-	case <-done:
-		// First copy finished, wait for second copy or context cancellation
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			logger.Debugf("session ended, closing connections")
-		case <-done:
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := channel.Close(); err != nil {
-		logger.Debugf("channel close error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
-		logger.Debugf("connection close error: %v", err)
-	}
-}

client/ssh/server/server.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	sshauth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/detection"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth/jwt"
@@ -39,6 +41,11 @@ const (
 
 	msgPrivilegedUserDisabled = "privileged user login is disabled"
 
+	cmdInteractiveShell = "<interactive shell>"
+	cmdPortForwarding   = "<port forwarding>"
+	cmdSFTP             = "<sftp>"
+	cmdNonInteractive   = "<idle>"
+
 	// DefaultJWTMaxTokenAge is the default maximum age for JWT tokens accepted by the SSH server
 	DefaultJWTMaxTokenAge = 5 * 60
 )
@@ -89,10 +96,10 @@ func logSessionExitError(logger *log.Entry, err error) {
 	}
 }
 
-// safeLogCommand returns a safe representation of the command for logging
+// safeLogCommand returns a safe representation of the command for logging.
 func safeLogCommand(cmd []string) string {
 	if len(cmd) == 0 {
-		return "<interactive shell>"
+		return cmdInteractiveShell
 	}
 	if len(cmd) == 1 {
 		return cmd[0]
@@ -100,26 +107,50 @@ func safeLogCommand(cmd []string) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s [%d args]", cmd[0], len(cmd)-1)
 }
 
-type sshConnectionState struct {
-	hasActivePortForward bool
-	username             string
-	remoteAddr           string
+// connState tracks the state of an SSH connection for port forwarding and status display.
+type connState struct {
+	username     string
+	remoteAddr   net.Addr
+	portForwards []string
+	jwtUsername  string
 }
 
+// authKey uniquely identifies an authentication attempt by username and remote address.
+// Used to temporarily store JWT username between passwordHandler and sessionHandler.
 type authKey string
 
+// connKey uniquely identifies an SSH connection by its remote address.
+// Used to track authenticated connections for status display and port forwarding.
+type connKey string
+
 func newAuthKey(username string, remoteAddr net.Addr) authKey {
 	return authKey(fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", username, remoteAddr.String()))
 }
 
+// sessionState tracks an active SSH session (shell, command, or subsystem like SFTP).
+type sessionState struct {
+	session     ssh.Session
+	sessionType string
+	jwtUsername string
+}
+
 type Server struct {
-	sshServer       *ssh.Server
-	mu              sync.RWMutex
-	hostKeyPEM      []byte
-	sessions        map[SessionKey]ssh.Session
-	sessionCancels  map[ConnectionKey]context.CancelFunc
-	sessionJWTUsers map[SessionKey]string
-	pendingAuthJWT  map[authKey]string
+	sshServer  *ssh.Server
+	listener   net.Listener
+	mu         sync.RWMutex
+	hostKeyPEM []byte
+
+	// sessions tracks active SSH sessions (shell, command, SFTP).
+	// These are created when a client opens a session channel and requests shell/exec/subsystem.
+	sessions map[sessionKey]*sessionState
+
+	// pendingAuthJWT temporarily stores JWT username during the auth→session handoff.
+	// Populated in passwordHandler, consumed in sessionHandler/sftpSubsystemHandler.
+	pendingAuthJWT map[authKey]string
+
+	// connections tracks all SSH connections by their remote address.
+	// Populated at authentication time, stores JWT username and port forwards for status display.
+	connections map[connKey]*connState
 
 	allowLocalPortForwarding  bool
 	allowRemotePortForwarding bool
@@ -131,13 +162,14 @@ type Server struct {
 
 	wgAddress wgaddr.Address
 
-	remoteForwardListeners map[ForwardKey]net.Listener
-	sshConnections         map[*cryptossh.ServerConn]*sshConnectionState
+	remoteForwardListeners map[forwardKey]net.Listener
 
 	jwtValidator *jwt.Validator
 	jwtExtractor *jwt.ClaimsExtractor
 	jwtConfig    *JWTConfig
 
+	authorizer *sshauth.Authorizer
+
 	suSupportsPty    bool
 	loginIsUtilLinux bool
 }
@@ -164,6 +196,7 @@ type SessionInfo struct {
 	RemoteAddress string
 	Command       string
 	JWTUsername   string
+	PortForwards  []string
 }
 
 // New creates an SSH server instance with the provided host key and optional JWT configuration
@@ -172,13 +205,13 @@ func New(config *Config) *Server {
 	s := &Server{
 		mu:                     sync.RWMutex{},
 		hostKeyPEM:             config.HostKeyPEM,
-		sessions:               make(map[SessionKey]ssh.Session),
-		sessionJWTUsers:        make(map[SessionKey]string),
+		sessions:               make(map[sessionKey]*sessionState),
 		pendingAuthJWT:         make(map[authKey]string),
-		remoteForwardListeners: make(map[ForwardKey]net.Listener),
-		sshConnections:         make(map[*cryptossh.ServerConn]*sshConnectionState),
+		remoteForwardListeners: make(map[forwardKey]net.Listener),
+		connections:            make(map[connKey]*connState),
 		jwtEnabled:             config.JWT != nil,
 		jwtConfig:              config.JWT,
+		authorizer:             sshauth.NewAuthorizer(), // Initialize with empty config
 	}
 
 	return s
@@ -207,6 +240,7 @@ func (s *Server) Start(ctx context.Context, addr netip.AddrPort) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create SSH server: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	s.listener = ln
 	s.sshServer = sshServer
 	log.Infof("SSH server started on %s", addrDesc)
 
@@ -259,16 +293,11 @@ func (s *Server) Stop() error {
 	}
 
 	s.sshServer = nil
+	s.listener = nil
 
 	maps.Clear(s.sessions)
-	maps.Clear(s.sessionJWTUsers)
 	maps.Clear(s.pendingAuthJWT)
-	maps.Clear(s.sshConnections)
-
-	for _, cancelFunc := range s.sessionCancels {
-		cancelFunc()
-	}
-	maps.Clear(s.sessionCancels)
+	maps.Clear(s.connections)
 
 	for _, listener := range s.remoteForwardListeners {
 		if err := listener.Close(); err != nil {
@@ -280,32 +309,82 @@ func (s *Server) Stop() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// GetStatus returns the current status of the SSH server and active sessions
+// Addr returns the address the SSH server is listening on, or nil if the server is not running
+func (s *Server) Addr() net.Addr {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if s.listener == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return s.listener.Addr()
+}
+
+// GetStatus returns the current status of the SSH server and active sessions.
 func (s *Server) GetStatus() (enabled bool, sessions []SessionInfo) {
 	s.mu.RLock()
 	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	enabled = s.sshServer != nil
+	reportedAddrs := make(map[string]bool)
 
-	for sessionKey, session := range s.sessions {
-		cmd := "<interactive shell>"
-		if len(session.Command()) > 0 {
-			cmd = safeLogCommand(session.Command())
+	for _, state := range s.sessions {
+		info := s.buildSessionInfo(state)
+		reportedAddrs[info.RemoteAddress] = true
+		sessions = append(sessions, info)
+	}
+
+	// Add authenticated connections without sessions (e.g., -N/-T or port-forwarding only)
+	for key, connState := range s.connections {
+		remoteAddr := string(key)
+		if reportedAddrs[remoteAddr] {
+			continue
+		}
+		cmd := cmdNonInteractive
+		if len(connState.portForwards) > 0 {
+			cmd = cmdPortForwarding
 		}
-
-		jwtUsername := s.sessionJWTUsers[sessionKey]
-
 		sessions = append(sessions, SessionInfo{
-			Username:      session.User(),
-			RemoteAddress: session.RemoteAddr().String(),
+			Username:      connState.username,
+			RemoteAddress: remoteAddr,
 			Command:       cmd,
-			JWTUsername:   jwtUsername,
+			JWTUsername:   connState.jwtUsername,
+			PortForwards:  connState.portForwards,
 		})
 	}
 
 	return enabled, sessions
 }
 
+func (s *Server) buildSessionInfo(state *sessionState) SessionInfo {
+	session := state.session
+	cmd := state.sessionType
+	if cmd == "" {
+		cmd = safeLogCommand(session.Command())
+	}
+
+	remoteAddr := session.RemoteAddr().String()
+	info := SessionInfo{
+		Username:      session.User(),
+		RemoteAddress: remoteAddr,
+		Command:       cmd,
+		JWTUsername:   state.jwtUsername,
+	}
+
+	connState, exists := s.connections[connKey(remoteAddr)]
+	if !exists {
+		return info
+	}
+
+	info.PortForwards = connState.portForwards
+	if len(connState.portForwards) > 0 && (cmd == cmdInteractiveShell || cmd == cmdNonInteractive) {
+		info.Command = cmdPortForwarding
+	}
+
+	return info
+}
+
 // SetNetstackNet sets the netstack network for userspace networking
 func (s *Server) SetNetstackNet(net *netstack.Net) {
 	s.mu.Lock()
@@ -320,6 +399,19 @@ func (s *Server) SetNetworkValidation(addr wgaddr.Address) {
 	s.wgAddress = addr
 }
 
+// UpdateSSHAuth updates the SSH fine-grained access control configuration
+// This should be called when network map updates include new SSH auth configuration
+func (s *Server) UpdateSSHAuth(config *sshauth.Config) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Reset JWT validator/extractor to pick up new userIDClaim
+	s.jwtValidator = nil
+	s.jwtExtractor = nil
+
+	s.authorizer.Update(config)
+}
+
 // ensureJWTValidator initializes the JWT validator and extractor if not already initialized
 func (s *Server) ensureJWTValidator() error {
 	s.mu.RLock()
@@ -328,6 +420,7 @@ func (s *Server) ensureJWTValidator() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	config := s.jwtConfig
+	authorizer := s.authorizer
 	s.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	if config == nil {
@@ -343,9 +436,16 @@ func (s *Server) ensureJWTValidator() error {
 		true,
 	)
 
-	extractor := jwt.NewClaimsExtractor(
+	// Use custom userIDClaim from authorizer if available
+	extractorOptions := []jwt.ClaimsExtractorOption{
 		jwt.WithAudience(config.Audience),
-	)
+	}
+	if authorizer.GetUserIDClaim() != "" {
+		extractorOptions = append(extractorOptions, jwt.WithUserIDClaim(authorizer.GetUserIDClaim()))
+		log.Debugf("Using custom user ID claim: %s", authorizer.GetUserIDClaim())
+	}
+
+	extractor := jwt.NewClaimsExtractor(extractorOptions...)
 
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
@@ -493,59 +593,131 @@ func (s *Server) parseTokenWithoutValidation(tokenString string) (map[string]int
 }
 
 func (s *Server) passwordHandler(ctx ssh.Context, password string) bool {
+	osUsername := ctx.User()
+	remoteAddr := ctx.RemoteAddr()
+	logger := s.getRequestLogger(ctx)
+
 	if err := s.ensureJWTValidator(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("JWT validator initialization failed for user %s from %s: %v", ctx.User(), ctx.RemoteAddr(), err)
+		logger.Errorf("JWT validator initialization failed: %v", err)
 		return false
 	}
 
 	token, err := s.validateJWTToken(password)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("JWT authentication failed for user %s from %s: %v", ctx.User(), ctx.RemoteAddr(), err)
+		logger.Warnf("JWT authentication failed: %v", err)
 		return false
 	}
 
 	userAuth, err := s.extractAndValidateUser(token)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("User validation failed for user %s from %s: %v", ctx.User(), ctx.RemoteAddr(), err)
+		logger.Warnf("user validation failed: %v", err)
 		return false
 	}
 
-	key := newAuthKey(ctx.User(), ctx.RemoteAddr())
+	logger = logger.WithField("jwt_user", userAuth.UserId)
+
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	authorizer := s.authorizer
+	s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	msg, err := authorizer.Authorize(userAuth.UserId, osUsername)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warnf("SSH auth denied: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	logger.Infof("SSH auth %s", msg)
+
+	key := newAuthKey(osUsername, remoteAddr)
+	remoteAddrStr := ctx.RemoteAddr().String()
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	s.pendingAuthJWT[key] = userAuth.UserId
+	s.connections[connKey(remoteAddrStr)] = &connState{
+		username:    ctx.User(),
+		remoteAddr:  ctx.RemoteAddr(),
+		jwtUsername: userAuth.UserId,
+	}
 	s.mu.Unlock()
 
-	log.Infof("JWT authentication successful for user %s (JWT user ID: %s) from %s", ctx.User(), userAuth.UserId, ctx.RemoteAddr())
 	return true
 }
 
-func (s *Server) markConnectionActivePortForward(sshConn *cryptossh.ServerConn, username, remoteAddr string) {
+func (s *Server) addConnectionPortForward(username string, remoteAddr net.Addr, forwardAddr string) {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if state, exists := s.sshConnections[sshConn]; exists {
-		state.hasActivePortForward = true
-	} else {
-		s.sshConnections[sshConn] = &sshConnectionState{
-			hasActivePortForward: true,
-			username:             username,
-			remoteAddr:           remoteAddr,
+	key := connKey(remoteAddr.String())
+	if state, exists := s.connections[key]; exists {
+		if !slices.Contains(state.portForwards, forwardAddr) {
+			state.portForwards = append(state.portForwards, forwardAddr)
 		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Connection not in connections (non-JWT auth path)
+	s.connections[key] = &connState{
+		username:     username,
+		remoteAddr:   remoteAddr,
+		portForwards: []string{forwardAddr},
+		jwtUsername:  s.pendingAuthJWT[newAuthKey(username, remoteAddr)],
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *Server) connectionCloseHandler(conn net.Conn, err error) {
-	// We can't extract the SSH connection from net.Conn directly
-	// Connection cleanup will happen during session cleanup or via timeout
-	log.Debugf("SSH connection failed for %s: %v", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
+func (s *Server) removeConnectionPortForward(remoteAddr net.Addr, forwardAddr string) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	state, exists := s.connections[connKey(remoteAddr.String())]
+	if !exists {
+		return
+	}
+
+	state.portForwards = slices.DeleteFunc(state.portForwards, func(addr string) bool {
+		return addr == forwardAddr
+	})
 }
 
-func (s *Server) findSessionKeyByContext(ctx ssh.Context) SessionKey {
+// trackedConn wraps a net.Conn to detect when it closes
+type trackedConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	server     *Server
+	remoteAddr string
+	onceClose  sync.Once
+}
+
+func (c *trackedConn) Close() error {
+	err := c.Conn.Close()
+	c.onceClose.Do(func() {
+		c.server.handleConnectionClose(c.remoteAddr)
+	})
+	return err
+}
+
+func (s *Server) handleConnectionClose(remoteAddr string) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	key := connKey(remoteAddr)
+	state, exists := s.connections[key]
+	if exists && len(state.portForwards) > 0 {
+		s.connLogger(state).Info("port forwarding connection closed")
+	}
+	delete(s.connections, key)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) connLogger(state *connState) *log.Entry {
+	logger := log.WithField("session", fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", state.username, state.remoteAddr))
+	if state.jwtUsername != "" {
+		logger = logger.WithField("jwt_user", state.jwtUsername)
+	}
+	return logger
+}
+
+func (s *Server) findSessionKeyByContext(ctx ssh.Context) sessionKey {
 	if ctx == nil {
 		return "unknown"
 	}
 
-	// Try to match by SSH connection
 	sshConn := ctx.Value(ssh.ContextKeyConn)
 	if sshConn == nil {
 		return "unknown"
@@ -554,19 +726,14 @@ func (s *Server) findSessionKeyByContext(ctx ssh.Context) SessionKey {
 	s.mu.RLock()
 	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	// Look through sessions to find one with matching connection
-	for sessionKey, session := range s.sessions {
-		if session.Context().Value(ssh.ContextKeyConn) == sshConn {
+	for sessionKey, state := range s.sessions {
+		if state.session.Context().Value(ssh.ContextKeyConn) == sshConn {
 			return sessionKey
 		}
 	}
 
-	// If no session found, this might be during early connection setup
-	// Return a temporary key that we'll fix up later
 	if ctx.User() != "" && ctx.RemoteAddr() != nil {
-		tempKey := SessionKey(fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", ctx.User(), ctx.RemoteAddr().String()))
-		log.Debugf("Using temporary session key for early port forward tracking: %s (will be updated when session established)", tempKey)
-		return tempKey
+		return sessionKey(fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", ctx.User(), ctx.RemoteAddr().String()))
 	}
 
 	return "unknown"
@@ -607,7 +774,11 @@ func (s *Server) connectionValidator(_ ssh.Context, conn net.Conn) net.Conn {
 	}
 
 	log.Infof("SSH connection from NetBird peer %s allowed", tcpAddr)
-	return conn
+	return &trackedConn{
+		Conn:       conn,
+		server:     s,
+		remoteAddr: conn.RemoteAddr().String(),
+	}
 }
 
 func (s *Server) createSSHServer(addr net.Addr) (*ssh.Server, error) {
@@ -635,9 +806,8 @@ func (s *Server) createSSHServer(addr net.Addr) (*ssh.Server, error) {
 			"tcpip-forward":        s.tcpipForwardHandler,
 			"cancel-tcpip-forward": s.cancelTcpipForwardHandler,
 		},
-		ConnCallback:             s.connectionValidator,
-		ConnectionFailedCallback: s.connectionCloseHandler,
-		Version:                  serverVersion,
+		ConnCallback: s.connectionValidator,
+		Version:      serverVersion,
 	}
 
 	if s.jwtEnabled {
@@ -653,13 +823,13 @@ func (s *Server) createSSHServer(addr net.Addr) (*ssh.Server, error) {
 	return server, nil
 }
 
-func (s *Server) storeRemoteForwardListener(key ForwardKey, ln net.Listener) {
+func (s *Server) storeRemoteForwardListener(key forwardKey, ln net.Listener) {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
 	s.remoteForwardListeners[key] = ln
 }
 
-func (s *Server) removeRemoteForwardListener(key ForwardKey) bool {
+func (s *Server) removeRemoteForwardListener(key forwardKey) bool {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
 
@@ -677,6 +847,8 @@ func (s *Server) removeRemoteForwardListener(key ForwardKey) bool {
 }
 
 func (s *Server) directTCPIPHandler(srv *ssh.Server, conn *cryptossh.ServerConn, newChan cryptossh.NewChannel, ctx ssh.Context) {
+	logger := s.getRequestLogger(ctx)
+
 	var payload struct {
 		Host           string
 		Port           uint32
@@ -686,7 +858,7 @@ func (s *Server) directTCPIPHandler(srv *ssh.Server, conn *cryptossh.ServerConn,
 
 	if err := cryptossh.Unmarshal(newChan.ExtraData(), &payload); err != nil {
 		if err := newChan.Reject(cryptossh.ConnectionFailed, "parse payload"); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("channel reject error: %v", err)
+			logger.Debugf("channel reject error: %v", err)
 		}
 		return
 	}
@@ -696,19 +868,20 @@ func (s *Server) directTCPIPHandler(srv *ssh.Server, conn *cryptossh.ServerConn,
 	s.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	if !allowLocal {
-		log.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s:%d: disabled by configuration", payload.Host, payload.Port)
+		logger.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s:%d: disabled", payload.Host, payload.Port)
 		_ = newChan.Reject(cryptossh.Prohibited, "local port forwarding disabled")
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Check privilege requirements for the destination port
 	if err := s.checkPortForwardingPrivileges(ctx, "local", payload.Port); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s:%d: %v", payload.Host, payload.Port, err)
+		logger.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s:%d: %v", payload.Host, payload.Port, err)
 		_ = newChan.Reject(cryptossh.Prohibited, "insufficient privileges")
 		return
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("local port forwarding: %s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port)
+	forwardAddr := fmt.Sprintf("-L %s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port)
+	s.addConnectionPortForward(ctx.User(), ctx.RemoteAddr(), forwardAddr)
+	logger.Infof("local port forwarding: %s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port)
 
 	ssh.DirectTCPIPHandler(srv, conn, newChan, ctx)
 }

client/ssh/server/server_config_test.go

@@ -224,6 +224,96 @@ func TestServer_PortForwardingRestriction(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestServer_PrivilegedPortAccess(t *testing.T) {
+	hostKey, err := ssh.GeneratePrivateKey(ssh.ED25519)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	serverConfig := &Config{
+		HostKeyPEM: hostKey,
+	}
+	server := New(serverConfig)
+	server.SetAllowRemotePortForwarding(true)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		forwardType   string
+		port          uint32
+		username      string
+		expectError   bool
+		errorMsg      string
+		skipOnWindows bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "non-root user remote forward privileged port",
+			forwardType:   "remote",
+			port:          80,
+			username:      "testuser",
+			expectError:   true,
+			errorMsg:      "cannot bind to privileged port",
+			skipOnWindows: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "non-root user tcpip-forward privileged port",
+			forwardType:   "tcpip-forward",
+			port:          443,
+			username:      "testuser",
+			expectError:   true,
+			errorMsg:      "cannot bind to privileged port",
+			skipOnWindows: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "non-root user remote forward unprivileged port",
+			forwardType: "remote",
+			port:        8080,
+			username:    "testuser",
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "non-root user remote forward port 0",
+			forwardType: "remote",
+			port:        0,
+			username:    "testuser",
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "root user remote forward privileged port",
+			forwardType: "remote",
+			port:        22,
+			username:    "root",
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "local forward privileged port allowed for non-root",
+			forwardType: "local",
+			port:        80,
+			username:    "testuser",
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tt.skipOnWindows && runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+				t.Skip("Windows does not have privileged port restrictions")
+			}
+
+			result := PrivilegeCheckResult{
+				Allowed: true,
+				User:    &user.User{Username: tt.username},
+			}
+
+			err := server.checkPrivilegedPortAccess(tt.forwardType, tt.port, result)
+
+			if tt.expectError {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.errorMsg)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestServer_PortConflictHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test that multiple sessions requesting the same local port are handled naturally by the OS
 	// Get current user for SSH connection
@@ -392,3 +482,95 @@ func TestServer_IsPrivilegedUser(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestServer_PortForwardingOnlySession(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that sessions without PTY and command are allowed when port forwarding is enabled
+	currentUser, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should be able to get current user")
+
+	// Generate host key for server
+	hostKey, err := ssh.GeneratePrivateKey(ssh.ED25519)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name                  string
+		allowLocalForwarding  bool
+		allowRemoteForwarding bool
+		expectAllowed         bool
+		description           string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:                  "session_allowed_with_local_forwarding",
+			allowLocalForwarding:  true,
+			allowRemoteForwarding: false,
+			expectAllowed:         true,
+			description:           "Port-forwarding-only session should be allowed when local forwarding is enabled",
+		},
+		{
+			name:                  "session_allowed_with_remote_forwarding",
+			allowLocalForwarding:  false,
+			allowRemoteForwarding: true,
+			expectAllowed:         true,
+			description:           "Port-forwarding-only session should be allowed when remote forwarding is enabled",
+		},
+		{
+			name:                  "session_allowed_with_both",
+			allowLocalForwarding:  true,
+			allowRemoteForwarding: true,
+			expectAllowed:         true,
+			description:           "Port-forwarding-only session should be allowed when both forwarding types enabled",
+		},
+		{
+			name:                  "session_denied_without_forwarding",
+			allowLocalForwarding:  false,
+			allowRemoteForwarding: false,
+			expectAllowed:         false,
+			description:           "Port-forwarding-only session should be denied when all forwarding is disabled",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			serverConfig := &Config{
+				HostKeyPEM: hostKey,
+				JWT:        nil,
+			}
+			server := New(serverConfig)
+			server.SetAllowRootLogin(true)
+			server.SetAllowLocalPortForwarding(tt.allowLocalForwarding)
+			server.SetAllowRemotePortForwarding(tt.allowRemoteForwarding)
+
+			serverAddr := StartTestServer(t, server)
+			defer func() {
+				_ = server.Stop()
+			}()
+
+			// Connect to the server without requesting PTY or command
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+			defer cancel()
+
+			client, err := sshclient.Dial(ctx, serverAddr, currentUser.Username, sshclient.DialOptions{
+				InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			defer func() {
+				_ = client.Close()
+			}()
+
+			// Execute a command without PTY - this simulates ssh -T with no command
+			// The server should either allow it (port forwarding enabled) or reject it
+			output, err := client.ExecuteCommand(ctx, "")
+			if tt.expectAllowed {
+				// When allowed, the session stays open until cancelled
+				// ExecuteCommand with empty command should return without error
+				assert.NoError(t, err, "Session should be allowed when port forwarding is enabled")
+				assert.NotContains(t, output, "port forwarding is disabled",
+					"Output should not contain port forwarding disabled message")
+			} else if err != nil {
+				// When denied, we expect an error message about port forwarding being disabled
+				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "port forwarding is disabled",
+					"Should get port forwarding disabled message")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}